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80. İlimiz

OSMANİYE GEZİ REHBERİ

THE 80 TH

PROVINCE OF TURKEY

OSMANIYE TRAVEL GUIDE

(3)

HAZIRLAYANLAR- (PREPARED BY)

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(Provincial Director of Culture and Tourism)

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(Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Foreign Language Department)

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All scripts and photos in this guide are copyrighted.Without the consent of the author, it cannot be replicated. Not for sale.

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Yüzölçümü : 3321 Km2 5DNÕP P

(6)

 Osmaniye is a beautiful and gra-

cious Mediterranean city embraced by nature and history and which also pos- sesses all the geographical character- istics of the region where it is located.

Besides being a newly-established province, the city has made the best use of the advantage of its geograph- ical location and has become one of the cities which could turn this advan- WDJHLQWRD¿QDQFLDOJDLQ

Its cultural and historical fabric, which connects the eastern and the western parts of Turkey, is very rich in cultural values that belong to social life and in historical artifacts inherited from previous civilizations. It is possi- ble to witness many different histori- cal and cultural values inherited from Neolithic Period, Chalcolithic Period, Late Bronze Age, Hellenistic Period, Roman Empire, Seleucid Empire, Byzantine, Abbasid, Mamelukes, Sel- juks, Ottoman Empire and the Repub- lican Period.

Due to its historical background, the city is also known as “The City of Castles.” It attracts people who want

to go on a historical journey by visiting the city’s 26 castles all of which bear the richness and signature of history.

Kastabala, which is 12 km away from the city center, and Karatepe-Aslan- WDú2SHQ$LU0XVHXPORFDWHGNP

from the city center, are among the main touristic attractions of the city.

With its area, 46% of which is cov- ered with forests, natural beauties, plateaus, rich food culture, fertile lands and its location which connects important transport lines, Osmaniye is waiting to be discovered. Osmaniye is located at a busy junction as it con- nects the roads to the eastern part of Turkey.

Being conscious of the fact that;

besides “Culture and Tourism” has a major role in the economy, it also serves as a medium of peace and in- ter-communal communication, and we consider it not as a duty but a respon- sibility to promote Osmaniye to more and more people.

With these feelings and thoughts, we invite everybody to visit and get to know our city.

OSMANIYE

Area $OWLWXGH : 3321 KmP 2

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Osmaniye’nin Kronolojik Tarihçesi

Domuztepe ve Höyükler Neolitik, Kalkolitik ve Tunç Devirleri

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(9)



Chronological History of Osmaniye

Domuztepe and Tumuluses Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age /DWH+LWWLWH .DUDWHSH$VODQWDú 8th Century B.C.

Persians 5th and 6th Centuries B.C.

Macedonian Kingdom Seleucid Empire 333 B.C., Dörtyol Battle of Issus Roman Empire Reign

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64 B.C.

Earthquakes in Cilicia 524 and 561

Battles among the Crusaders,

the Umayyads, the Abbasids, and the Turks 7th Century A.D.

the Crusaders 11th and 12th Centuries A.D.

Armenian Kingdom 13th Century A.D.

Mamelukes 14th&HQWXU\$' 

Ramadanid Principality 14th&HQWXU\$' 

Ottoman Empire 16th&HQWXU\$' 

&HEHOLEHUHNHW6DQMDN NQRZQDV<DUSX]WRGD\ 1877

&HEHOLEHUHNHW6DQMDN NQRZQDV<DUSX]WRGD\ 1923 A district of Adana

7KHth Province of Turkey

1933 1996

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(10)

 Osmaniye, located in the eastern

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civilizations throughout the history such as Hittites, the Greek Empire, the Persian Empire, the Roman Em- pire, the Assyrians, and the Byzantine Empire. On the south and west slopes of Domuztepe which is now under the

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belong to the Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age were revealed.

A border castle in Karatepe was built upon the request of Azatiwada, one of the Late Hittite kings, in 8th Century B.C. The Persian had the FRQWURORYHUWKHHDVWSDUWRIdXNXURYD

LQ WK DQG WK &HQWXULHV %& ,Q 

A.D., the region was conquered by the Sasanian King Shapur I. The region was then taken under control by Bal- binos of Isaura who rebelled against WKH5RPDQ(PSLUHLQ$'/DWHU

these lands where the Umayyads and the Abbasids lived were taken back from the Muslims by the Byzantine Empire. With the conquering of Ana- tolia by the Seljuks, the Turkish tribes began to immigrate to the region after

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region had become a home for the Turks.

As a result of the Crusades started LQWKH$UPHQLDQVWRRNFRQWURORI

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After AD 1332, the Mamelukes exercised their power in the region.

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in Osmaniye and surrounding areas in WKH 0DPHOXNHV HUD  7XUNPHQ

from Oghuz Tribes in Aleppo, who were settled in the area between Gaza and Antioch before, were then reset- tled in Osmaniye and surrounding ar- eas.

The city fell under the rule of Ra- madanid Principality in and then of Ottoman Empire in 1517. During the HUD RI 6XOHLPDQ WKH 0DJQL¿FHQW WKLV

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with the name of Üzeyirli and then to the state of Aleppo.

The Ottoman Empire started to lose its central power in the 19th Cen- WXU\,QWKLVSHULRGdXNXURYDZDVJLY- en to Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Meh- met Ali Pasha. With the Convention RI /RQGRQ LQ  WKH UHJLRQ FDPH

under the rule of the Ottoman Empire again.

The urban history of Osmaniye started after 1865. By the New Pro- vincial Regulation, residential area in this region was named as the District of Osmaniye in 1866. The sub-dis- WULFWVRI8ODúOÕ7HFLUOL&HULW.DUD\L÷LW

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into Osmaniye. Later, the District of Osmaniye was connected to Payas h]H\LU  &HEHOL %HUHNHW 6DQMDN DQG

then this sanjak was incorporated into Aleppo. Payas Sanjak was then moved to Yarpuz in 1874 and took the name of Osmaniye Cebel-i Bereket Sanjak.

The region was then invaded by the French army after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. Be- cause of the local people who stood against the invasion, the French army which suffered heavy losses signed the Treaty of Ankara with Turkey on

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October is now celebrated as the Lib- eration Day of Osmaniye.

The Sanjak of Cebelibereket was restructured with the proclama- tion of the republic, and the District of Osmaniye was given the status of a province. After the declaration of the republic in 1923, all sanjaks were transformed into provinces and WKHFLW\WRRNWKHQDPHRI³&HEHOLWDUÕN

Province.”

The status of Osmaniye, which was a province till 1 June 1933, was changed, and it became a district and incorporated into the Province of Ad- ana. It was granted the status of a province again after the voting in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 23 October 1996 and the law -dated

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History of Osmaniye

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was not possible in the area, and the land could not be utilized due to the public disorder caused by the tribes in the mountains. To this end, a census was taken, and the area was started to be populated.

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place to provide the army with food and other logistical needs, was chosen for WKHWULEHRI8ODúOÕDVDVHWWOHPHQWDUHD$IWHUZDUGV+DFÕ2VPDQOÕ9LOODJHZDV

recognized as the center, and an administrative district was founded and named

“Osmaniye” on 2 October 1865.

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Origin of the name “Osmaniye”

(12)



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The mountain range between Ceyhan River and Belen Channel used to be called as Gavur Mountain. With the changing concept of administration after the Rescript of Gülhane on 3 November 1839, the use of the word Gavur (an ad- MHFWLYHXVHGWRGHVFULEHQRQ0XVOLPVLQ¿GHO ZDVXQIDYRUDEOHDQGWKHZHVWHUQ

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forwarded to an advisory council.

A list of prospective names was prepared to be presented to the Ottoman Sultan. Names such as Cebel-i Mesud, Mount Nusret, Mount Saadet, Mount Se- lam, Mount Selamet and Mount Bereket were presented to Sultan Abdülmecid by the advisory council. The Sultan chose the name “Mount Bereket, ” and Ga- vur Mountain was called as such from then on.

The name of Gavur Mountain was changed with this decision taken on 5 February 1854, and it was henceforth named Mount Bereket or -in another say- ing- “Cebel-i Bereket.”

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Change of the name

“Gavur Mountain” into “Cebelibereket”

(13)



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(14)



KARATEPE – ASLANTAS OPEN-AIR MUSEUM

…In my day, I expanded the borders of Adanawa towards to the West and the East.

In my day, women wander and spin wool in places where used to be fearsome,

on deserted roads where once men were afraid of setting foot on.

And in my day, people had wealth, feeling of fullness, comfort, and peace.

And Adanawa lived in peace.

I held this castle and named it Azatiwataya…

A part of his addressing speech

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It is located in an area which is 33 km away from the city center and 22 km away from Kadirli. It was originally constructed as a frontier castle by Az- atiwata, who introduced himself as the sole ruler of the region, against the at- tacks from the North in the Late Hittite Period, 8th Century B.C.

Excavation works were initiated under the leadership of the German archaeologist Prof. Dr. H. Th Bossert in 1946. The foundation of the castle was made of rocks, and the walls were of mud-bricks, and it was surrounded by towers. The castle was burned down and destroyed by Assyrian at- WDFNVLQ%&

The site hosts the longest bilin- gual hieroglyphic scripts.

That is why all hieroglyphic texts GDWLQJ EDFN WR  %& LQ $QDWROLD

could be interpreted. The site is in a national park with an area of 4341 KHFWDUHV $OVR RQ  0D\  D

closed area for museum exhibitions was also constructed within the area in Karatepe by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.

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air museum in Turkey and a place of

attraction for the foreign visitors. Sur- URXQGHG E\ $VODQWDú 'DP LW KDV DQ

exceptional beauty with its natural fea- tures, history and wild life. It also has a suitable area for camping and picnic.

,Q RUGHU WR H[SUHVV KLV PDJQL¿- cence and power to his people and foreigners, the Emperor Azatiwata made an addressing speech of him- self inscribed on both entrance gates of the castle (Karatepe Castle – Aza- WLZDWD\D LQ3KRHQLFLDQODQJXDJHDQG

also with hieroglyphics.

(15)



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KASTABALA – HIERAPOLIS RUINS

Kastabala – Hierapolis ruins is located 12 km away from the Osmaniye city center. Within the archaeological site, there is anoth- er castle known as Bodrum Castle built after 13th Century.

As a result of the research con- ducted by the English research- HU 7K %HQW LQ  LW ZDV IRXQG

out that the ancient name of the castle was Hierapolis. Also, the settlement was also referred as Hierapolis on the coins during the period of the Seleukos King Antio- FKXV(SLSKDQHV,9 %& 

The most of the ruins in Kastabala which survived until today belong to the Roman period. There are also two churches dating back to the second half of the 6th Century.

The city, which was an impor- tant religious center in the Roman and Byzantine periods, suffered extensive damage from earth- quakes in 524 and 561 and lost its importance as a settlement area after the Crusades.

Kastabala is an ancient city located in the southeast part of

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Osmaniye, on the Cevdetiye-Ka- ratepe road, in the middle of Kes- meburun, Bahçe and Kazmaca vil- lages; it is a city developed around a medieval castle on a rock bed overlooking a small plain near the Ceyhan River.

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region show that Kastabala was invaded by Roman Empire around

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started to lose its importance in the mid and late Byzantine period and could not build up after the destruc- WLRQ RI WKH &UXVDGHV DQG ¿QGLQJV

are also evident that the city was deserted after a short period.

Kastabala, being one of the most important ancient cities in dXNXURYD UHJLRQ ZLWK LWV DPSKL- theater, baths and colonnaded street, is a must-see.

(17)



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CASTLES

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Cilicia had a dense road network since the ancient ages, and in order to ensure the protection of these roads, lots of castles were built. There are well-protected 26 castles in the region.

Among them, castles of Toprak- NDOH +DUXQ 5HúLW %RGUXP .DVWDED- OD  $VODQWDú 6DYUDQGD %DEDR÷ODQ

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Mitisin and Fenk are the most out- standing ones.

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(18)



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3 km from the northeast of Düziçi. It was built to protect the region and the strategic roads passing through and to link and support other castles in the region by Faraç Bey, the margrave of .KDOLID+DUXQ5HúLGLQ7KHUHJLRQ

and castle, which were very important for the army, were populated by vol- unteer Khorasanian Turkish mujahids.

The castle was captured by the Byz- antines in 959, by the Mamelukes in the 13th century, and by the Egyptians

in the 14th century. It was built on nat- ural rocks. It still maintains its original form. The region hosts Crocus Adane- sis, one of the rare the endemic plants in Turkey. The region where Crocus Adanesis found is registered as a nat- ural site area. The castle was restored and opened to visit by the Ministry of

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It has the best spot to watch the scenery of the Düziçi Plain.

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The history of the castle dates EDFN WR  %& 7KH FDVWOH ZKLFK

was renovated with black stones in the period of the Abbasid Khalif Ha- UXQ 5HúLG LQ WKH WK FHQWXU\ KDV D

rectangular shape, 12 towers, and outer court walls. The castle was con- VWUXFWHGRQDQDUWL¿FLDOKLOOORFDWHGDWD

junction point where the roads among Osmaniye-Adana and Hatay meet.

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Castle in Ottoman Period. The castle which is open to visit has night light- ing, a cafeteria and a picnic area to meet the social needs.

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ern part of Osmaniye and FDQ EH UHDFKHG YLD WKH 

km asphalt road on the way WR6HUGDU9LOODJH,WLVDOVROR- cated near the Kalecik Dam.

Perimeter length of the castle LVP,WKDVDUHFWDQJXODU

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meters high, and the towers RIWKHFDVWOHDUHPHWHUV

It has 12 towers. The castle is a holdover from the Ro- man Empire.

It is located in the middle of woods and a good place to have a picnic and get lots of oxygen in company with its historical fabric and scenery of the Kalecik Dam.

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castle and traditional village life all in one place in Hemite.

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It is located in the plain area on WKHQRUWKHUQVORSHVRI'H÷LUPHQGHUH

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It is a bridge with an equilateral arch built on the Kesik Su Stream in

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upper part of the bridge is stepped, and the load-bearing lower part is made of ashlar block stones.

GAFFARLI STONE BRIDGE

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The mosque located in Kadirli city center is the most important surviving PRQXPHQW UHÀHFWLQJ WKH FRH[LVWHQFH

of the Roman, Byzantine and Turk- ish-Islamic civilizations in Osmaniye.

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heritage regarding socio-culture and religion.

As a result of the excavations, it

is understood that the mosque was originally built as a basilica with its crypt and was covered with mosaics.

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a monastery and served as a pilgrim- age center. The mosque was built as a church in the Byzantine period. As of 'XONDGLUR÷XOODUÕSHULRGLWZDVXVHGDV

a mosque. It is one of the monuments worth visiting.

KADIRLI ALA MOSQUE

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The ownership of the property EHORQJV WR $÷FD %H\ )RXQGDWLRQ

The construction date of the mosque located in the municipal square in Bahçe district is unknown. However, according to the available epitaph of WKH PRVTXH LW ZDV EXLOW LQ  E\

$÷FD %H\ 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG LW LV

claimed that masonry construction of the mosque, which is half wooden now, and its original minaret were built in the era of Alaüddevle from Dulkad- LUR÷XOODUÕ LQ WKH SHULRG EHWZHHQ 

DQG

The mosque has a square shape, and the main wall was made of rubble stone. The upper cover of the mosque is the wooden shuttered roof. This roof is supported by main walls, rub- ble stone columns, and arches placed within the mosque.

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family are in a graveyard near the train station just outside Bahçe district.

Both tombs have a square shape and domed roofs and have no walls.

AGCABEY MOSQUE

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The mosque which was built in the 19th century is located in Osmaniye city center. In the garden of the mosque, there is a martyr- dom and a memorial for the martyrs of the war of inde- pendence.

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ENVER-UL HAMIT MOSQUE

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The mosque located in Karaömerli region of Sumbas district was built in 1787 in the period of Abdulhamit II. It has stone walls and a wooden structure and is still used as a mosque.

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260$1ø<(.(170h=(6ø

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In order to transfer the values of Osmaniye to the next generations, refresh the memories of our fellow cit- izens, remind them the cheerful and happy old days by taking them on a journey into the past, and keep our cultural and historical values alive, it was put into service as a city museum HWKQRJUDSK\PXVHXP E\WKHPXQLFL- pality of Osmaniye.

City museums stand out as they are the memories of cities and also for their architectural and landscape de- signs. The city museum presents the

city over the top with its landscape de- sign, exterior stone siding, muqarnas, two-headed eagle; and the sections of Ottoman bazaar, city shop, archives, plane tree coffeehouse, shor room, exhibition titled Osmaniye from the past to present, diorama and training workshop.

OSMANIYE CITY MUSEUM

(ETHNOGRAPHY MUSEUM)

(30)



(31)



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The historical building which used WRVHUYHDVDSULVRQIRU\HDUVZDV

converted into a city museum after being renovated, and it is located in Cengiz Topel region in Kadirli district.

.DGLUOL&LW\0XVHXPLVWKH¿UVWH[- ample of an outdoor-themed museum in the region. It houses the historical artifacts and also the works of art that UHÀHFWWKHORFDOFXOWXUH

KADIRLI CITY MUSEUM (ETHNOGRAPHY MUSEUM)

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The museum was opened in April

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toys being exhibited in the museum.

You can make a reservation to YLVLW WKH PXVHXP E\ SKRQH ± 



OSMANIYE

KORKUT ATA

UNIVERSITY

CELIL ATASEVER

TOY MUSEUM

(34)



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<g5(6(/0ø0$5ø LOCAL ARCHITECTURE

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$6.(5/(5.21$ö,

Houses in Osmaniye were usually built by modeling the post-republican period classical Turkish architecture on.

Generally, the houses are two-story with garden; kitchen, bath- URRP ¿UHSODFH KDOO DQG FRQQHFWHG

URRPVDUHRQWKH¿UVWÀRRU

7KH VHFRQG ÀRRU LV UHDFKHG E\

indoor stairs leading to a living room.

There are four rooms directly con- nected to the living room, and there is also a façade in the living room. The ceiling has motifs.

The ceiling and the roof of the house are wooden, and walls are made of mud-bricks. The roof is cov- ered with pantiles.

7LOOWKH$VNHUVUHVLGHGLQWKH

house which was built by the same fam- LO\ LQ  $IWHU WKLV GDWH WKH KRXVH

started to collapse due to natural disas- ters and other reasons. After the house was registered by the Cultural and Nat- ural Heritage Conservation Board as a cultural asset that needs to be protect- ed, it was expropriated by the govern- PHQW LQ  DQG UHVWRUHG LQ DFFRUG- ance with its original form.

After its restoration, it was named Salih Sefa Yazar Culture House. It was decorated in accordance with the local culture.

TRADITIONAL OSMANIYE HOUSES

HOUSE OF THE ASKERS

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There are many large and small plateaus in the mountains surrounding WKHSURYLQFH=RUNXQhUQ2OXNEDúÕ

)HQN0LWLVLQ%D÷GDúdÕ÷úDU0DNVX- WROX÷X $OPDFÕN $OPDQSÕQDUÕ DUH WKH

most known plateaus.

Plateaus are outstanding values in the historical and cultural fabric of Osmaniye, and they host elements related to rural heritage. Besides, traces of these places can be found in Turkish poet-singers’ lyrics and written literature in the past. Some of the well- known plateaus in the province based on districts are as follows:

- Central district (the Amanos 0RXQWDLQV  =RUNXQ )HQN 0LWLVLQ

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.DUDoDOÕ

 6XPEDV (VHQOL %D÷GDú $O- PDFÕNSODWHDXV

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=LQGR÷DQ+RGXSODWHDXV

 +DVDQEH\OL $OPDQSÕQDUÕ SOD- teaus.

PLATEAUS

(37)



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Mountains, is the most important pla- teau in Osmaniye. The population of the plateau, which can be reached through a 32 km asphalt road from the FLW\FHQWHULQFUHDVHVXSWRLQ

the summer.

Besides the wooden houses in the plateau which is covered with pine and juniper trees, it is also possible to see villas and houses with differ- HQW DUFKLWHFWXUDO GHVLJQV ,Q =RUNXQ

which is a very popular summer hol- iday destination, rural coffeehouses and restaurants, butcher’s shops, grocery stores and bakery shops are available. Transportation between the FLW\FHQWHUDQG=RUNXQLVSURYLGHGE\

minibusses and taxis.

ZORKUN PLATEAU

(38)



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7 km away from Düziçi district, Duman- OÕ 3ODWHDX LV RQH RI WKH QDWXUDO ZRQGHUV WKDW

mesmerizes nature lovers with a riot of colors in the Fall. In the plateau where electricity, rural coffeehouses, and markets are available, there are houses made of wood and stone that are in accord with the local architecture.

DUMANLI PLATEAU

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and cedar trees and in Kadirli district. In the pla- teau where electricity, rural coffeehouses, and markets are available, there are houses made of wood and stone that are in accord with the local architecture. Camping is an another alter- native way of accommodation.

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The plateau located 4 km from Hasanbeyli district is surrounded by vineyards and orchards.

You can set up a camp or go on a picnic in the region where rural coffeehouses and restau- rants, markets and bakery shops are available.

ALMANPINARI PLATEAU

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(39)



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=RUNXQ 3ODWHDX :LOGOLIH 3URWHF- tion and Improvement Area is in the southern part of Osmaniye, and it is adjacent to the city center. It is 3-4 km from the Gaziantep-Adana highway ' 

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which is categorized as vulnerable /& E\,8&1LVWKHPDLQVSHFLHVWKDW

ensured the land to be declared as a wildlife protection and improvement

area. The WRIA is the region which has dense forests and where roe deer are mostly found.

In WRIA, the administrative visitor center in Ecosystem Information and Publicity Complex where doe deer and other plant and animal species DUHWREHGLVSOD\HGZDVEXLOWLQ

The region is a suitable place for hunters.

ZORKUN PLATEAU

WILDLIFE PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT AREA (WRIA)

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(40)



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,WLVORFDWHGLQ.Õ]\XVXÀX9LOODJHZLWK- in the borders of Kadirli. It was declared a national park in 1958. The surface area is 4145 hectares. It is an area where there are important settlement units and a castle of the Late Hittite Period (the 8th centu- U\ %&  7KHUH DUH DOVR WKH WUDFHV RI WKH

Roman and Byzantine settlements in the region. There are also historical artifacts belonging to this period. The Ceyhan River passes through the area, and there are Calabrian pine and oak forests, and maquis groves in the park. It also houses ÀRUD DQG IDXQD SHFXOLDU WR WKH 0HGLWHUUD- nean Region. It is an ideal place for camp- ing and picnic.

KARATEPE – ASLANTAS NATIONAL PARK

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in an important natural area. Kastaba- OD 9DOOH\ IRUPHG DURXQG WKH &H\KDQ

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from Osmaniye city center.

Some of the bird species which granted the region with the status of a protected bird sanctuary are night he- URQNLQJ¿VKHUDQGZKLWHWKURDWHGNLQ- J¿VKHU,WLVDUDUHSODFHZKHUHWKUHH

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bird species living in the region as of today.

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KASTABALA VALLEY KIRMITLI BIRD SANCTUARY

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(42)



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