! Ü ÜN N‹‹T TE E IIII
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
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KOONNUULLAARR L
Leessssoonn OOnnee
SSiimmppllee PPaasstt TTeennssee L
Leessssoonn TTwwoo II wwaass ssttuuddyyiinngg aatt 77 L
Leessssoonn TThhrreeee
SShhee wwaass wwoorrkkiinngg wwhhiillee tthheeyy wweerree ddaanncciinngg..
L Lee
SSuummmmaarryy T
TEESSTT IIII
* Bu kitap uzaktan ö!renim ko"ulları göz önüne alınarak hazırlanmı"tır. Yabancı dil ö!renirken düzenli ve planlı çalı"mak ö!renmenin gerçekle"mesi için temel ko"uldur.
#ngilizce ders notu dokuz üniteden olu"makta ve her ünite kendi içinde bölümlere ayrıl- mı"tır. Özellikle her üniteden önce verilen “Bu Ünitede Neler Ö!renece!iz”
ba"lı!ındaki konu ba"lıklarını mutlaka ö!renmeliyiz. Yapılan açıklamaları, dilbilgisi yapı ve "ekilleri günü gününe çalı"malıyız. Alı"tırmaları yapıp do!ru yanıtlarıyla kar"ıla"tırmalıyız. Verilen diyalogları okumalıyız Ünite sonunda yer alan özet, sözcük listesi ve kavramlar o derste kullanılan kelimeleri içermektedir. Ünite sonunda verilen testler mutlaka çözülmelidir.
Bu bölümde;
* Simple Past Tense Di-li Geçmi" Zaman kullanımı
* Past Continuous Tense Kullanımı
* Simple Past ile Past Continuous Tense when, while ile ba!lanması B
BUU ÜÜNN!!TTEEDDEE NNEELLEERR ÖÖ""RREENNEECCEE""!!ZZ??
B
BUU ÜÜNN!!TTEEYY!! NNAASSIILL ÇÇAALLIIfifiMMAALLIISSIINNIIZZ??
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UNNIITT TTWWOO L
Leessssoonn OOnnee
SSiimmppllee PPaasstt TTeennssee ((DDii--llii ggeeççmmii## zzaammaann)) ((PPAASSTT TTEENNSSEE)) yardımcı fiili ( Did) FF!!!!LLLLEERR
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Kuurraallllıı FFiiiilllleerr KKuurraallssıızz FFiiiilllleerr Kurallı fiiller:
Fiil 1. hâli 2. hâli (Ed) takısı 3. hâli (Ed) takısı
#stemek want wanted wanted
#zlemek watch watched watched
Sevmek like liked liked
Varmak arrive arrived arrived
Oynamak play played played
Geçmi" zamanda olumlu cümlede fiillerin 2. hâli (ed) takısı almı" hâli kulanılır.
Düzenli fiilleri 2. hale koymak için “d”, “ed” veya “ied” gelmektedir.
Fiillerin ço!una “-ed” eklenir.
open opened start started want wanted
Sonue harfi ile bitenfiillere sadece “d” eklenir.
like liked live lived arrive arrived
Sonu tek bir sessiz harfle biten ve tek sesli harfi bulunan fiillerde sonda bulunan sessiz harf çift olur.
rob robbed
beg begged
ship spipped fit fitted
Sonu“y” harfi ile bitenve“y” den önce sessiz harf bulunanfiillerde “y” dü"er ve bu tip fiillere“ied” eklenir.
try tried cry cried marry married
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Geçmi" zaman olumlu cümlelerde kurallı veya kuralsız fiillerin 2. hâlleri kulanılır.
Ago : önce
Last : geçen
Yesterday : dün I watched TV. Last night.
Ben geçen gece televizyon izledim.
He watched TV. Yesterday.
O dün televizyon izledi.
I listened to the readio two hours ago.
#ki saat önce radyo dinledim.
I visited My. Mother yesterday.
Dün annemi ziyaret ettim.
( kuralsız fiille )
ÖZNE F##L#N 2. HAL# NESNE ZAMAN ZARFI
Ö Örrnneekk ::
I went to #zmir / yesterday. Dün #zmir’e gittim.
/ last year. Geçen yıl #zmir’e gittim.
/ two days ago. #ki gün önce #zmir’e gittim.
Ö Örrnneekk ::
I saw Ali last week.
Ali’yi geçen hafta gördüm.
Kuralsız fiiller :
Fiil 1. hâli 2. hâli 3. hâli
Gitmek go went gone
Görmek see saw seen
#çmek drink drank drunk
Satmak sell sold sold
Satın almak buy bought bought
Ayrılmak leave left left
Yemek yemek eat ate eaten
Sahip olmak have/has had had
Olumsuz cümle : ( fiilin 1. hâli kullanılır. Ve did-not veya didn’t)
ÖZNE DiD NOT F##L#N 1. HAL# NESNE ZAMAN ZARFI
DiDN’T Ö
Örrnneekk ::
I did not watch TV. Last night.
Geçen gece TV. #zlemedim.
I didn’t g oto #zmir yesterday.
Dün #zmir’e gitmedim.
I didn’t see Ali last week.
Geçen hafta Ali’yi görmedim.
I didn’t visit my. Mother yesterday.
Dün annemi ziyaret etmedim.
Soru cümlesi : ( fiilin 1. hali)
Did Özne Fiilin 1. hali Nesne Zaman zarfı?
Ö Örrnneekk ::
Did you play tennis yesterday?
Dün tenis oynadın mı?
C Ceevvaapp ::
Yes, I did Evet, oynadım.
Yes, I played tennis yesterday.
Evet, dün tenis oynadım.
No, I didn’t
Hayır, oynamadım.
No, I didn’t play tennis yesterday.
Hayır, dün tenis oynamadım.
Did ile sorulan sorularda özneden( "ahıs zamirlerinden) sonra F##L gelir.
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Kaarrıı##ııkk ccüümmlleelleerr
I bought my car last year.
Arabamı geçen yıl aldım.
They came to Ankara five years ago.
Onlar Ankara’ya be" yıl önce geldiler.
She slept until her friends came.
Arkada"ları gelinceye kadar uyudu.
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The game started at ten o’clock.
Oyun saat onda ba"ladı.
My grandfather worked here for five years.
Dedem burada be" yıl çalı"tı.
How long did the journey take?
Yolculuk ne kadar zaman aldı?
What did you do before you went to bed?
Yatmadan önce ne yaptın?
Did she eat two sandwiches yesterday?
O iki sandviç yedi mi?
The man didn’t wash his car.
Adam arabasını yıkamadı.
The man washed his car.
Adam arabasını yıkadı.
We posted the letters.
Mektupları postaladık.
She ate two sandwiches.
O iki sandviç yedi.
What did you do last night?
Dün gece ne yaptın?
Madde.3- Am-Is-Are yardımcı fiillerinin geçmi" hâli
I = am
He = is Geçmi" hâli WAS She = is
it = is You = are
We = are Geçmi" hâli WERE They = are
Cümlede (WAS- WERE )den sonra F##Lgelmez.
O
Olluummlluu ccüümmllee ::
I was at home last night.
Geçen gece evde de!ildim.
You were in #zmir yesterday.
Sen dün #zmir’de idin.
O
Olluummssuuzz ccüümmllee ::
I was not( wasn’t) at home last night.
Geçen gece evde de!ildim.
You weren’t in #zmir yesterday.
Sen dün #zmir de de!ildin.
SSoorruu ccüümmlleessii ::
Were you in #zmir yesterday?
Sen dün #zmir de miydin?
Yes, I was.
Evet, ordaydım.
No, I wasn’t.
Hayır, de!ildim.
Soru da WERE YOU- varsa cevapta da I WAS/WASN’T vardır. Tam tersi olabilir.
Were you here yesterday?
Sen dün burada mıydın?
Yes, I was here yesterday.
Evet, dün oradaydım.
No, I wasn’t here yesterday. Hayır, orada de!ildim.
Was Ali at home yesterday?
Dün Ali evde miydi?
Yes, he was.
Evet, evdeydi.
No, he wasn’t.
Hayır, evde de!ildi.
Where were you last night?
Geçen gece neredeydin?
I was at home last night.
Geçen gece evdeydim.
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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1881 in Selanik. He was the founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey His mother’s name was Zübeyde Hanım. His father’s name was Ali Rıza. He went to the school of Semsi Efendi in Selanik.
He entered the Military Secondary School In 1895 in Selanik. after finishing the Military Secondary School, Mustafa Kemal entered the Military High School (Askeri Idadisi).
He entered the infantry class of the Military Academy (Harbiye Harp Okulu) on the 13th of March 1899. After graduating the Military Academy, Mustafa Kemal went on to the General Staff College in 1902. He was graduated from the Academy with the rank of captain on the 11th of January, 1905.
At the end of the Balkan War, Mustafa Kemal was appointed military attaché in Sofia. When Mustafa Kemal was in Sofia, the First World War broke out. He was appo- inted to the Commander of the Anafartalar Group in 1915. In the First World War he was in command of the Turkish forces at Anafartalar. Allied forces landed at the Dardanelles (Canakkale Strait) and he defended the counry at Gallipoli.
He arrived in Samsun on Monday 19th May 1919. He established congresses in Amasya, Erzurum and Sivas to save the country from the enemy.
He opened the Turkish Grand National Assemblyon on 23rd of April, 1920. On the same day Mustafa Kemal was elected President of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Atatürk died at 09:05 at Dolmabahce Palace in Istanbul On November 10, 1938 .
His principles are:
* Republicanism
* Nationalism
* Populism
* Secularism
* Revolutionism
* Statism
He made reforms on: Legal system, education system, dress, Civil rights for women, work on history, change of calender, measure, holidays and surname.
1. When was Mustafa Kemal born?
2. Where was he born?
3. What was his mother’s and father’s name?
4. When did he land at Samsun?
5. What happenned on 23 April, 1923
6. When did he open the Turkish Grand National Assembly?
7. What did he do on 29 October, 1923?
8. When did he die?
9. Where did he die?
She was studying Mathematics yesterday morning.
(Dün ö!leden sonra matematik çalı"ıyordu) I was having dinner at 8 o’clock last night.
(Geçen ak"am saat 08’de ak"am yeme!i yiyordum)
What were the students doing yesterday?
They were listening to their teacher.
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Leessssoonn TTwwoo II wwaass ssttuuddyyiinngg aatt 77
Bu derste Past Continuous Tense zamamnını ö!reneceksiniz. Past Continuous Tense geçmi"te sürekli olarak gerçekle"en olayları anlatmak için kullanılan bir zamandır.
Past Continuous Tense yardımcı fiil olarak was ve were yardımcı fiiler kullanılır.
Özne was verb-ing were
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Özne was not verb-ing were
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A##aa$$ııddaakkii ((nneeggaattiivvee)) oolluummssuuzz ccüümmlleelleerrii iinncceelleeyyiinniizz I was not playing tennis yesterday afternoon.
(Dün ö!leden sonra tenis oynamıyordum)
Past Continuous Tense ile olumsuz cümle nasıl yapılır?
Past Continuous Tense ile soru cümlesi nasıl kurulur?
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Waass ÖÖzznnee VVeerrbb--iinngg??
W Weerree
Past Continnons Tenseile sormak için “Was” veya “were”sözcükleri soru cümlesinin ba"ında kullanılır. Cevabında mutlaka “Yes / No “bulunur.
A"a!ıdaki soruları ve kısa yanıtlarını inceleyiniz.
T
TOOMM : Were you dancing with Julia yesterday?
(Dün Julia ile mi dansediyordun?) E
EMMMMAA :: Yes, I was.
SSAALLLLYY:: No, I wasn’t.
-Was Kate drinking tea in the morning?
(Kate sabah, çaymı içiyordu?) -Yes, she was.
What were you doing last nigt?
Dün ak"am ne yapıyordun?
I was watching TV.
TV seyrediyordum.
What was she doing yesterday morning?
She was cleaning her room.
Odasını temizliyordu.
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Leessssoonn TThhrreeee
SShhee wwaass wwoorrkkiinngg wwhhiillee tthheeyy wweerree ddaanncciinngg..
L Lee
Bu ünitenin 2. dersinde Past Continuous Tense zamanının cümle yapısını, soru ve olumsuz cümlelerinin nasıl kullanıldı!ını ö!rendiniz. Bu dersimizde, Past Continnons Tense’in main clause (ana cümlecik) ve time clanse (zaman cümleci!i) olarak Simple Past Tense ile birlikte aynı cümlede kullanılı"ını göreceksiniz.
A"a!ıdaki resimlerde gördüklerimizi uygun zaman kullanarak ifade edelim:
Bu iki olayın aynı süre içinde ola geldi!ini dü"ünerek uygun zaman zarfları (time conjunctions) kullanıp birbirine ba!layalım.
Mary was studying Tom was riding a bicycle
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“While* ve “as” aynı sürede olagelen iki olayı ba!larken kullanılan zaman zarf larıdır. “iken” anlamını verirler.
As / while Mary was studying, Tom was riding a bicycle.Bu cümlede; “Mary was studying” cümleci!i time clause (zaman cümleci!i) olarak kullanıldı. “Tom was riding a bicycle” ise main clause (ana cümlecik) oldu. Mary çalı"ırken, Tom bisiklete bini- yordu. E!er “while” veya “as” di!er cümleci!in ba"ında kullanılırsa While/As Tom was riding a bicycle, Mary was studying (Tom bisiklete binerken , Mary ders çalı"ıyordu.)
“Tom was riding a bicycle”cümleci!i; time clause (zaman cümleci!i), “Mary was stud- ying”cümleci!i; main clause (ana cümlecik) olur. Bu cümleyi a"a!ıdaki gibi de ifade edebiliriz: Mary was studying while / as Tom was riding a bicycle.
(Tom bisiklete binerken Mary ders çalı"ıyordu) veya Tom was riding a bicycle while-/ as Mary was studying (Mary çalı"ırkenTom bisiklete biniyordu)
While veya as daima zaman cümleci! nin (time clause) ba"ında kullanılır. Time clause konulur. Cümlenin ba"ında kullanılırsa, main clause’a seçmeden önce comma (virgül) konulur.
Cümle main clause ile ba"lıyor, sonra timeclause kullanılıyorsa, arada comma (virgül) kullanılmaz.
A"a!ıdaki örnekleri inceleyiniz:
While/As I was coming here, they were playing football.
Buraya geliyorken onlar futbol oynuyordu.
They were playing football while/as I was coming here.
While/as the students were shouting, the teacher was drinking tea. Ö!renciler ba!ırıken ö!retmen çay içiyordu. The teacher was drinking tea while/as the students were shouting.
Past ContinuousTense ile Simple Past Tense’i aynı cümlede main clauseve time clauseolarak birbirine nasıl ba!lanabilir?
Geçmi"te bir olay devam etmekte iken bir ba"ka olayın olması durumunda devam etmekte olan olayı,, Past Continuous Tenseile, o sürüyorken olan 2. olayı Simple Past Tenseile ifade ederek main clauseveya time clauseolarak kullanabiliriz.
Time clause gösteren olay Simple Past Tense ise ba"ında “when” zaman zarfı Past Continuous Tense ise ba"ında “as I when I while“ zaman zarfları kullanılır.
A"a!ıdaki iki olayı dikkatlice inceleyiniz:
The tube exploded He was heating
WhiIe / As / when he was heating, the tube exploded (Tüpü ısıtıyorken, patladı)
veya;
The tube exploded WhiIe / As / when he was heating (Tüpü ısıtıyorken, patladı)
Bu cümlelerde “He was heating” cümleci!i, “time clause”, “it exploded”
cümleci!i, “main clause” olarak kullanıldı.
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EXXEERRCCIISSEE AA ::
FFiillll iinn tthhee bbllaannkkss wwiitthh tthhee vveerrbbss iinn tthhee ppaarraanntthheessiiss
I………….. (have) an accident two weeks ago when I …………..(go) to school.
The weather was horrible and it …………..(rain) very hard. I…………..(cycle) along the Park Road at about 8.30 in the morning. When a car driver suddenly
…………..(open) the door of a car parked in front of me. I…………..(try) to brake down when I (see) the car door, but there wasn’t enough time and I………….. (crash) into the door, and …………..(fall) onto the road when the accident (happen) and they
…………..(come) to apologise (shout) at him because I was very hungry.
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SSUUMMMMAARRYY ((ÖÖzzeett)) Simple Past Tense (Di-li Geçmi" Zaman)
Past Continuous Tense
Affirmative sentence (Olumlu cümle)
"
I You
We They
He She
it
went to the cinema
I You
We They
He She
it
didn’t go
Did I
you we they
he she
it
go
yesterday last week 2 days ago
to the cinema yesterday last week 2 days ago
to the cinema yesterday last week 2 days ago
I he she
it
was
you we they
were
playing tennis at 10 o’clock yesterday
Negative sentence (Olumsuz cümle)
Question Form (Soru hali)
Short answers (Kısa cevaplar) I
he she
it
wasn’t
you we they
weren’t
playing tennis at 10 o’clock yesterday
was I
he she
it
were you
we they
playing tennis at 10 o’clock yesterday?
Yes, I
he she
it
was
Yes, you
we they
were
No, I
he she
it
wasn’t
No, you
we they
weren’t
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WOORRDDLLIISSTT U
UNNIITT TTWWOO SSttrruuggggllee : mücadele etmek IInnddeeppeennddeennccee : ba!ımsızlık L
Laanndd : karaya çıkmak, / yere inmek IInnvviittee : davet etmek
D
Deelleeggaattee : temsilci C
Coonnggrreessss : kongre, toplantı C
Coouunnttrryy : ülke C
Crreeaattee : yaratmak
FFoouunndd : kurmak
C
Chhaammppaaggnnee : "ampanya PPaavveemmeenntt : kaldırım B
Brraakkee : fren yapmak
C
Crraasshh : çarpmak
SSeerriioouussllyy : ciddi "ekilde W
Waarr ooff IInnddeeppeennddeennccee : Ba!ımsızlık Sava"ı T
Thhee TTuurrkkiisshh RReeppuubblliicc : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti R
Reeppuubblliicc ddaayy : Cumhuriyet bayramı C
Coommmmaannddeerr : komutan D
Deeffeeaatt : yenmek
!!nnddeeppeennddeennccee : ba!ımsızlık M
Miilliittaarryy aattttaacchhee : askeri ata"e PPeeaaccee ttrreeaattyy.. : Barı" anla"ması V
Viiccttoorryy ddaayy.. : Zafer günü W
Wiitthhddrraaww : çekilmek T
Thhee TTuurrkkiisshh GGrreeaatt N
Naattiioonnaall AAsssseemmbbllyy : Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi
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TTEESSTT IIII1) The moon ………brightly when we were walking along the seaside last night.
A) is shining B) was shining C) shines D) shoned
2) I was buying a book when I ……….one of my old friends.
A) met
B) was meeting C) meet
D) am meeting
3) I’m afraid I …………..hear the doorbell. I……….in the garden at that time.
A) didn’t / work B) didn’t / am working C) don’t / was working D) didn’t / was working
4) What ………from 10 to 11 last night?
A) have you done B) are you doing C) were you doing D) do you do
5) There ………. nobody in the room when I …………in.
A) was / come B) is / come
C) was / have come D) was / came
6) She……….her leg while she ………tennis.
A) is hurting / plays B) hurt / was playing C) was hurting / played D) hurt / played
7) What ……….while he …………..fast?
A) happened / was driving B) did happen / was driving C) happened / is driving D) happenes / was driving
8) My mum ………..like the hotel we …………in Bodrum last summer.
A) didn’t / stayed B) doesn’t / stay
C) doesn’t / are staying D) didn’t / stay
9) They ………French as I……….German.
A) studied / am studying
B) were studying / was studying C) have studied / was studying D) were studying / have studied
10) ……….you having lunch when you ………..her?
A) Were / see B) Are / saw C) were / saw D) Did / saw
