Posterior and Posterior and
lateral aspect of lateral aspect of
thigh and thigh and
popliteal fossa popliteal fossa
Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu
Structures from Structures from Superficial to deep Superficial to deep
SkinSkin
Superficial fascia includes:Superficial fascia includes:
Cutaneous vessels and nervesCutaneous vessels and nerves Nerves:
Nerves:
-posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (sacral plexus)-posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (sacral plexus)
-medial femoral cutaneous nerve ( Femoral nerve)-medial femoral cutaneous nerve ( Femoral nerve)
-lateral femoral cutaneous nerve ( lumbal plexus)-lateral femoral cutaneous nerve ( lumbal plexus)
Deep fascia: is the continuation of fascia lataeDeep fascia: is the continuation of fascia latae
Mm: Tensor fasciae LataeMm: Tensor fasciae Latae
Biceps FemorisBiceps Femoris
SemimembranosusSemimembranosus
SemitendinosusSemitendinosus
Superficial ( cutaneous/
sensory) Nerves:
-posterior femoral
cutaneous nerve (from sacral plexus)
-medial femoral cutaneous nerve ( Femoral nerve)
-lateral femoral cutaneous nerve ( from lumbal plexus)
Lateral aspect of the thigh Lateral aspect of the thigh
Tensor fasciae latae m Tensor fasciae latae m..
Enclosed between two layers Enclosed between two layers of fascia lata
of fascia lata
O: iliac crest, ASISO: iliac crest, ASIS
I: Iliotibial tractI: Iliotibial tract
N: Sup. Gluteal n.N: Sup. Gluteal n.
F: Abd, flex & med rotation of F: Abd, flex & med rotation of thigh
thigh
F: Acting through F: Acting through iliotibial tract, extends knee iliotibial tract, extends knee
F: fixes trunk on thigh F: fixes trunk on thigh
Mm. of the
posterior aspect of thigh
called:Hamstring mm., called:Hamstring mm., namely
namely
Semitendinosus m.Semitendinosus m.
Semimembranosus m.Semimembranosus m.
Biceps femoris m.Biceps femoris m.
Have Common site of Have Common site of origin (ischial tuberosity) origin (ischial tuberosity)
Biceps femoris, has Biceps femoris, has additional origin from additional origin from
femur femur
HAMSTRING
MUSCLES
Origin and insertion of hamstring muscles
Semitendinosus muscle
Or: Ischial tuberosity Or: Ischial tuberosity (by a common tendon (by a common tendon
with long head of with long head of
biceps femoris m.) biceps femoris m.)
Ins: Med. surface of Ins: Med. surface of sup. part of tibia
sup. part of tibia
N.: Tibial n.N.: Tibial n.
F: Extends thighF: Extends thigh
F: Flexes legF: Flexes leg
PES ANSERINUS On the medial side of tibia
The tendons of these 3 muscles namely:
GRACILIS SARTORIUS
SEMITENDINOSUS
Semimembranosus Semimembranosus
muscle muscle
Or.: Ischial tuberosityOr.: Ischial tuberosity
Ins.: Medial CondyleIns.: Medial Condyle
of tibiaof tibia
N: Tibial n.N: Tibial n.
F: Extends thighF: Extends thigh
F: Flexes legF: Flexes leg
the tendon forms the the tendon forms the
oblique popliteal oblique popliteal
ligament of knee joint ligament of knee joint
Biceps femoris Biceps femoris
muscle muscle
Or.: Or.:
Long head: Long head: Ischial tuberosity Ischial tuberosity
Short head: Short head: linea asperalinea aspera
Ins.: Head of fibula and Ins.: Head of fibula and lat.condyle of tibia
lat.condyle of tibia
N: Tibial n. N: Tibial n. (long head), (long head),
common peroneal n. (short common peroneal n. (short
head) head)
Tendon of m. split by fibular Tendon of m. split by fibular
collateral lig collateral lig
Functions of biceps Functions of biceps
femoris muscle femoris muscle
Long head: Extends Long head: Extends thigh
thigh
Both heads: Flex leg Both heads: Flex leg
& laterally rotate leg
& laterally rotate leg (when leg is flexed) (when leg is flexed)
Popliteal Popliteal
fossa fossa
Diamond shaped Diamond shaped region posterior to region posterior to kneeknee
Post. to distal 1/3 of Post. to distal 1/3 of femur, knee joint, femur, knee joint,
prox. part of tibia prox. part of tibia
Roof (post wall) Roof (post wall)
Skin & fasciaSkin & fascia
Popliteal fasciaPopliteal fascia
SuperficialSuperficial
DeepDeep
Superficial F.Superficial F.
FatFat
Small saphenous v Small saphenous v
Cutaneous nervesCutaneous nerves
Deep F. Deep F.
Strong, dense sheet Strong, dense sheet which protects
which protects
neurovascular structures neurovascular structures
Floor (ant wall) Floor (ant wall)
At the deepest planeAt the deepest plane
Formed by: Formed by:
-Popliteal surface of -Popliteal surface of
femur femur
-Oblique popliteal -Oblique popliteal
ligament ligament
-Back of upper end of -Back of upper end of
tibia tibia
-Popliteus fascia -Popliteus fascia
Boundaries of Boundaries of popliteal fossa popliteal fossa
Sup.lat. : Biceps femoris m.Sup.lat. : Biceps femoris m.
Sup.med.: Semitendinosus Sup.med.: Semitendinosus
& semimembranosus mm.
& semimembranosus mm.
Inf.lat.: Lat. head of Inf.lat.: Lat. head of gastrocnemius m.
gastrocnemius m.
Inf.med.: Med. head of Inf.med.: Med. head of gastrocnemius m.
gastrocnemius m.
Contents of Contents of popliteal fossa popliteal fossa
FatFat
Popliteal a.Popliteal a.
Popliteal v.Popliteal v.
Popliteal lymph vessels & Popliteal lymph vessels &
nodes (6-8) nodes (6-8)
Tibial & common Tibial & common peroneal nn.
peroneal nn.
Small saphenous v.Small saphenous v.
Post. Fem. Cut. N. Post. Fem. Cut. N.
Obturator n. Obturator n.
Popliteus bursaPopliteus bursa
Small saphenous veinSmall saphenous vein begins at the level of begins at the level of
medial malleolus and medial malleolus and is the continuation of is the continuation of
the lateral marginal the lateral marginal
vein of the foot.
vein of the foot.
Ascends and drains Ascends and drains into popl. Vein.
into popl. Vein.
Popliteal a Popliteal a
Bw:Adductor hiatus – popliteus m. Bw:Adductor hiatus – popliteus m.
(inf. border) (inf. border)
Brances of popl.a:Brances of popl.a: -Genicular aa-Genicular aa: : Lat sup
Lat sup med sup med sup middlemiddle lat inf lat inf med inf med inf
sural aa.
sural aa.
these Genicular aa. participate in the these Genicular aa. participate in the formation of genicular anastomoses formation of genicular anastomoses
Genicular anastomosis Genicular anastomosis
is in the form of is in the form of
Superficial & deep Superficial & deep
networks networks
FORMED BY:
FORMED BY:
Genicular aa.(sup and inf. Genicular aa.(sup and inf.
Medial+lateral) Medial+lateral)
Descending genicular a. Descending genicular a.
(femoral a.) (femoral a.)
Descending branch of lat Descending branch of lat circumflex femoral a.
circumflex femoral a.
Circumflex fibular a.Circumflex fibular a.
Ant. & post. tibial Ant. & post. tibial recurrent recurrent aa.aa.
Popliteal v Popliteal v
Formed at distal border of Formed at distal border of popliteus m.
popliteus m.
By union of ant. & post. By union of ant. & post.
tibial vv.
tibial vv.
is superficial to popliteal a.is superficial to popliteal a.
Ends at adductor hiatus → Ends at adductor hiatus → then the name is femoral v.
then the name is femoral v.
Small saphenous v. drains Small saphenous v. drains to this v
to this v
nerves in nerves in popliteal fossa popliteal fossa
Sciatic n. brances:Sciatic n. brances:
tibial n tibial n
common peroneal n.
common peroneal n.
sural n.sural n.
Br.of tibial n. Br.of tibial n.
Sural n.
Sural n.
tibial n.tibial n.
Lat. sural cut. N. Lat. sural cut. N.
(common peroneal (common peroneal n.n.
Supplies lat. side Supplies lat. side of leg & ankle
of leg & ankle
Common peroneal n Common peroneal n
. .
Arises from sacral plexusArises from sacral plexus
Passes over post aspect Passes over post aspect of head of fibula
of head of fibula
Winds around fibular Winds around fibular neck (injury)
neck (injury)
Lymph nodes in popliteal fossa Lymph nodes in popliteal fossa
2 groups:2 groups:
-Superficial -Superficial
-Deep -Deep
Popliteal lymph nodes Popliteal lymph nodes drain into→ deep
drain into→ deep
inguinal lymph nodes inguinal lymph nodes
