Animal Improvement

Animal

Improvement

Prof. Dr. Necmettin ÜNAL

Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry

Increasing the frequency and homozygosity of the desired genes in ivestock populations

SELECTİON MATING SYSTEMS

Animal Improvement

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Improvement of genotypes of livestocks

 Animal Improvement:

 Improvement of genotypes of animals

 Increasing the frequency and homozygosity of the desired genes in livestock populations

Identification of the best animals

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Species Breed

Breeding objectives

The best animal in beef cattle Easy calving,

Fast growing, High feed efficieny Moderate milk yield

………….

The best animal in dairy cattle High milk yield,

Suitable milk quality, High fertility

Suitable feed efficiency

………

Purposes

Animal Improvement

Definition

Characteristics Benefits

Importance

P = G + E

Production = Genotype + Environment

Animal Improvement

Domestication is considered as the first improvement activity.

 Domestication is one of the most important events in human history.

Brief history of improvement

Domestication – Animal Improvement

 Advances in animal breeding, genetics, biostatistics and computer science and animal improvement

 Organisations for animal improvement

 Robert Bakewell,

 Four Rules of Bakewell

 Robert Bakewell's important improvement activities

Robert Bakewell (1725- 1795)

Brief history of improvement

Domestication – Animal Improvement

Tablo. Cow milk production in EU (28 country) (FAO)

Years / Traits

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2014

Number of cows

(1000 head)

41 349 41 449 34 757 27 810 23 803 23 486

Lactation milk yield (cow/kg)

3 108 3 720 4 346 5 419 6 188 6 776

Total cow milk production (1000 ton)

128 492 154 179 151 046 150 716 147 300 159 136

Tablo. Cow milk production in Turkey (FAO)

Years / Traits

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2014

Number of cows (1000 head)

4 402 5 931 5 893 5 280 4 384 5 609

Lactation milk yield (cow/kg)

1 300 1 300 1 351 1 654 2 847 3 031

Total cow milk production (1000 ton)

5 773 7 711 7 961 8 732 12 480 16 999

 Species

 Breed

 Strain

 Type

 Line

 Species

 Breed

 Strain

 Type

 Line

 Purebreeding

 Hybridization and Hybrid

 Crossbreeding and crossbred

 Selection

 Culling

 Heredity

 Variation

 Purebreeding

 Hybridization and Hybrid

 Crossbreeding and crossbred

 Selection

 Culling

 Heredity

 Variation

Recall some terms