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L quELLE COnCEPTIOn SE FAIT ROuSSEAu DES RAPPORTS EnTRE LE POLITIquE ET LE RELIgIEuX? Michel Soëtard

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Michel Soëtard

*

quELLE COnCEPTIOn SE FAIT ROuSSEAu DES RAPPORTS EnTRE LE POLITIquE ET LE RELIgIEuX?

SUMMARY

What is Rousseau’s conception of the relationship between politics and religion ? This study attempts to reconcile two visions which Rousseau gives us between religion and politics; on the one hand, the firm position of religion put at the service of citizenship in the Social Contract; on the other hand, in the fourth book of Emile, the existential life of a Savoyard Vicar who, considering the rational criticism of the bases of religion, attempts to give a meaning to christianity in its moral dimension and furthering its religious dimension. This is how he puts into question the dilemma which is ripping apart modernity: society has become what it is, from now on we have to choose between forming the citizen and forming the human being.

Keywords: religion, politics, Christianity, natural religion, moral, faith Mots clefs : religion, politique, christianisme, religion naturelle, morale, foi

L

a question des rapports entre le politique et le religieux ravive sans cesse le débat en France, pourtant patrie d’une laïcité radicale, et elle revient d’actualité dans la Turquie post-kémaliste, apparemment à la recherche d’un nouveau contrat entre l’Etat et la religion. Il est intéressant d’essayer de cerner, sur ce sujet, la position de Rousseau, qui est allé d’une laïcité affirmée de l’Etat dans les dernières pages du Contrat social, à la reconnaissance et à la mise en œuvre dans l’Emile, à partir de sa matrice qu’est la Profession de foi du vicaire savoyard, d’une foi chrétienne revivifiée au cœur de l’homme,

* Professeur émérite à l’Université Catholique de l’Ouest à Angers, France. Auteur de Rousseau, Slatkine, 1997, Rousseau et l’Idée d’éducation, H. Champion, 2012, Rousseau. Leben und Werk, Beck, 2012.

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