‘‘ ’’
RUS VE BULGAR EDEB MET NLER NDE ‘‘KURBAN M ’’*
‘‘MYTH OF SACRIFICE’’ IN THE TEXTS OF RUSSIAN AND BULGARIAN LITERATURE
Emine NANIR**
ÖZ
Çal mam zda Rus tarihsel öyküler ve XIX. yüzy l Bulgar edebiyat metinleri örneklerinde tarihsel- kültürel ve mitolojik ba lamda, “cezaland rma miti” (kurban miti) de erlendirmeye al nm r. Böylesi bir yakla m, farkl ulusal edebi modellerin mitolojile tirilmi yaz n örneklerinin birbiriyle kesi en, ayr lan ve benzeyen özelliklerini ortaya ç karma olana sunmaktad r. Bu ö eler kapsam nda ele ald z Rus tarihsel öykülerinden ’’O zaçale tsarstvuyu çego grada Moskviy’’-’’Moskova’n n Kurulu Öyküsü’’
(XVII. yüzy l), ’’Skazaniye ob ubiyenii Danila Suzdalskogo i o naçale Moskviy’’- ‘’’Danila Suzdalski’nin Öldürülmesi ve Moskova’n n Kurulu Öyküsü’’ (XVII. yüzy l), ’’Povest o Tverskon otroçem monastyre’’-’’Tver Manast Öyküsü’’ (XVII. yüzy l) ve XIX. yüzy l gerçekçi Bulgar edebiyat kurucular ndan P. Slaveykov’un ’’ zvorat na Belonogata’’-
’’Akbald rl Genç K n Çe mesi’’ gibi yap tlar temelinde metinleraras etkile im de irdelenmi tir.
Bunun yan s ra çal mam n yine odak noktalar ndan biri, yeni bir kentin veya yeni binalar n kurulu unda ’’kurban’’ ya da ’’duvara gölge gömme’’ ibadetlerinin etimolojisi konusudur; bu kavramlar n ba ca tan mlamalar na da yer verilmi tir.
Çal ma s ras nda, kültürel-tarihsel artzamanl planda ’’kurban’’ ya da ’’duvara gölge gömme’’ kavramlar n s fland lmas ndan dolay , yukar da belirtilen motifleri içeren metinlerin farkl ba lamlarda i lev gördü ü ve böylece farkl kültürlerde farkl yans malara neden oldu u tespit edilmi tir.
Ad geçen çal mam n çerçevesinde, yeni bir kentin veya yeni binalar n in as nda kullan lan ’’kurban’’ ya da ’’duvara gölge gömme” kavramlar n hem Rus hem de Güney Slav halklar n dünya görü lerinde ortaya ç km olan, mitolojik dü üncenin farkl bir izlem aç oldu u da belirlenmi tir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: kurban miti, Rus tarihsel öyküler, Bulgar edebiyat , metinleraras etkile im.
* BAP 55824
. Bu çal ma stanbul Üniversitesi BAP 55824 projesi olarak haz rlanm ve desteklenmi tir.
** Prof. Dr., stanbul Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Slav Dilleri ve Edebiyatlar Bölümü, eminar@istanbul.edu.tr
DOI: 10.17498/kdeniz.375758
ABSTRACT
This article is devoted to the study of the "myth of sacrifice" in a wide historical, cultural and mythological discourse, on the actual linguistic material of the texts of the Russian historical novel and Bulgarian literature of the 19th century. This approach provides an opportunity to identify the points of contact and intersection of the mythopoetics of individual national literary models in the context of the historical contact of cultures. Within the framework of precisely these parameters, we came to the consideration of the Russian historical novellas ’’About the grandeur of the reigning great city of Moscow, which will be conceived first’’ (XVII c.) and ’’Tales of the murder of Daniel Suzdal and the beginning of Moscow’’ (XVII c.), ’’The Tale of Tver’’ (XVII century) and the poem ’’The Source of the Belonogaya’’ (XIX c.), the founder of the Bulgarian realistic poetry Petko Slaveikov in the context of intertextual relations.
The focus of our study also includes some definitions, which in our opinion are important from the point of view of the genealogy of "sacrifice" and "zamurovyvaniya" in the construction of a new city or new buildings.
In the course of the work it was established that, because of the stratification of the semantic meanings of "sacrifice", "immolation" in the cultural-historical diachronic plan, the texts containing the above motives function in different contexts and cause different reflections inherent in each separate cultural. Within this framework, it was also established that "sacrifice" and "immolation" in the construction of a new city or new buildings is a rooted strategy of mythological thinking "in the spiritual mentality of both Russian and South Slavic peoples.
Key Words: "Myth Of Sacrifice", Russian Historical Novellas, Bulgarian Literature, Intertextual Relations.
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