DEĞİŞİM PROGRAMLARINA KATILAN ÖĞRENCİLERİN NOT DÖNÜŞÜMLERİ İÇİN AKADEMİK KURUL TARAFINDAN ONAYLANAN NOT TABLOLARI

(1)

DEĞİŞİM PROGRAMLARINA KATILAN ÖĞRENCİLERİN NOT DÖNÜŞÜMLERİ İÇİN AKADEMİK KURUL TARAFINDAN ONAYLANAN NOT TABLOLARI

ABD

1)Babson College

Babson College ile yapılan MBA anlaşması dâhilinde değişime katılacak öğrenciler için aşağıdaki dönüşüm tablosunun esas alınmasına karar verilmiştir.

MBA için Yerel Not SÜ Notu

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

F F

Babson College ile lisans düzeyinde yapılan anlaşma dâhilinde değişime katılacak öğrenciler için aşağıdaki dönüşüm tablosunun esas alınmasına karar verilmiştir.

Yerel Not SÜ Notu

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

D- D

F F

2) University of Florida

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

D- D

E F

(2)

3) Pepperdine University

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

D- D

F F

4) State University of New York Oswego (Suny Oswego)

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

D- D

F & E F

5) Boston University

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D D

F F

(3)

6) University of Massachusetts Lowell (UML)

7) Drexel University

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

F F

8) The University of Nebraska at Omaha

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

D- D

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

F F

FX F

(4)

9) The University of Texas at Dallas

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

D- D

10) Purdue University

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

D- D

F F

11) Columbia University

Yerel Not SU Notu

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D D

F F

(5)

12) George Mason University

Yerel Not Katsayısı SU Notu

A+ 4.00 A

A 4.00 A

A- 3.67 A-

B+ 3.33 B+

B 3.00 B

B- 2.67 B-

C+ 2.33 C+

C 2.00 C

C- 1.67 C-

D 1.00 D

F 0.00 F

12) University of Connecticut

Yerel Not Katsayısı SU Notu

A 4.0 A

A- 3.7 A-

B+ 3.3 B+

B 3.0 B

B- 2.7 B-

C+ 2.3 C+

C 2.0 C

C- 1.7 C-

D+ 1.3 D+

D 1.00 D

F 0.00 F

ALMANYA

1. Freie Universität Berlin

2. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie 3. Leibniz Universität Hannover 4. Technische Universität Berlin 5. Technische Universität Darmstadt 6. Technische Universität Dortmund 7. Technische Universität Hamburg 8. Technische Universität München 9. Universität zu Köln

10. HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management 11. Universität Hamburg

12. Universität Duisburg-Essen

13.

Universität Passau

14. Otto-Von-Guericke-Unıversität Magdeburg

(6)

15. Eberhard Karls Universitaet Tuebingen 16. Goethe-University Frankfurt

17. Carl Von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg 18. University of Bremen

19. Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) 20. University of Mannheim

21. Ruhr-Universität Bochum

1 A

1,1 A

1,2 A

1,3 A

1,4 A

1,5 A

1,6 A-

1,7 A-

1,8 A-

1,9 B+

2 B+

2,1 B+

2,2 B

2,3 B

2,4 B

2,5 B

2,6 B-

2,7 B-

2,8 B-

2,9 C+

3 C+

3,1 C+

3,2 C

3,3 C

3,4 C

3,5 C-

3,6 C-

3,7 C-

3,8 D+

3,9 D+

4 D

4,1-6,0 F

(7)

EBS (EUROPEAN BUSINESS SCHOOL)

LİSANS ÖĞRENCİLERİ

EBS Notu SU Notu

A+ /A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

D- / F F

LİSANSÜSTÜ ÖĞRENCİLER

EBS Notu SU Notu

A+ / A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C-/C/C+ C+

D-/D/D+ C

F F

AVUSTRALYA

1)

La Trobe University

A A

B B

C C

D D

F F

(8)

2) UTS (University of Technology, Sydney)

H A

D A

C B

P C

Z F

AVUSTURYA

1) Academy of Fine Arts Vienna 2) Technische Universität Wien 3) Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien

Açıklama Yerel Not SÜ Notu

Sehr Gut 1 A

1,5 A

Gut 2 B+

2,5 B+

Befriedigend 3 B-

3,5 B-

Genügend 4 C

4,5 C

Nicht Genügend 5 F

4) Johannes Kepler Universitaet Linz

1 A

2 B+

3 B-

4 C

5 F

BELÇİKA

1) Université Libre de Bruxelles 2) Universiteit Gent

3) Universiteit Hasselt

16-20 A

15 A-

14 B

13 B-

12 C

11 C-

10 D

<10 F

(9)

4) Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Açıklama Harf Notu SÜ Notu

18-20 AAA A

16-17 AA A

14-15 A A-

12-13 B B

10-11 C C

8-9 D F

6-7 E F

0-5 F F

ÇEK CUMHURİYETİ

1) Charles University

2) University of Economics, Prague

Excellent 1 A

Very Good 2 B+

Good 3 C

Fail 4 F

3)

Metropolitan University Prague

ÇİN

1) The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 2) City University of Hong-Kong

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D D

E F

F F

Excellent 1 A

Very Good 2 B+

Good 3 C

Fail 4 F

(10)

3)

The University Of Hong Kong

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

4)

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

5)

Hong Kong Baptist University

A+ A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D D

F F

(11)

6)

Xi'an Jiaotong Unıversity

Yerel Not/100’lük

sistem Yerel Not/Harf GPA

SU Notu

95～100 A⁺ 4.3 A

90～94 A 4.0 A

85～89 A^- 3.7 A-

81～84 B⁺ 3.3 B+

78～80 B 3.0 B

75～77 B^- 2.7 B-

72～74 C⁺ 2.3 C+

68～71 C 2.0 C

64～67 C^- 1.7 C-

60～63 D 1.3 D

0～59 F 0 F

7)

Shanghai University

Yerel Not Harf

Notu Katsayısı Açıklama SU Notu

95-100 A+ 4 A

90-94.9 A 3.6 Excellent A

85-89.9 A- 3.3 A-

80-84.9 B 3 Good B

75-79.9 B- 2.5 B-

70-74.9 C 2 Mediate C

65-69.9 C- 1.5 C-

60-64.9 D 1 Pass D

<60 F 0 Failed F

DANİMARKA

1) Aarhus Universitet

2) Copenhagen Business School 3) University of Southern Denmark

Outstanding 12 A

Excellent 10 B+

Good 7 B-

Fair 4 C

Satisfactory 02 D

Unsatisfactory 00 F

Fail -3 F

(12)

ESTONYA

Tallinn University of Technology (TUT)

Yerel Not/Sayısal

Yerel Not/

Harf

SÜ Notu

5 A A

4 B A-

3 C B

2 D C

1 E D

0 F F

MI F F

M F F

FİNLANDİYA

1) Aalto University School of Economics 2) University of Art and Design Helsinki

3)

University of Turku

Excellent 5 A

Very Good 4 B+

Good 3 B-

Satisfactory 2 C

Sufficient 1 D

Fail 0 F

FRANSA

1) Burgundy School of Business 2) EM Lyon

3) ESCP Europe

4) Institut d’Etudes Politiques (IEP) de Paris (Sciences Po, Paris) 5) Institut d'Etudes Politiques (IEP) de Rennes (Sciences Po,Rennes) 6) EM Strasbourg Business School

7) Ecole Superior Dart et Design Grenoble

8) ISC Paris School of Management 9) Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1 10) Ecole De Management Strasbourg

16-20 A

15-15,99 A-

14-14,99 B+

13-13,99 B

12-12,99 B-

11-11,99 C

10-10,99 D

0-9,99 F

(13)

11) ESC Rennes School of Business

ECTS Notu Katsayısı ESC Notu SÜ Notu

A Excellent 5 70% or above A

B Very Good 4 65% to 69% A-

C Good 3 58% to 64% B

D Satisfactory 2 50% to 57% C

E Sufficient 1 40% to 49% D

FX Fail 0 30% to 39% F

F Fail 0 Below 30% F

12) Ecole Superieure d'Art de Lorraine

A A

B B+

C B-

D C

E D

FX F

F F

13) Ecole Des Mines Albi-Carmaux

Yerel Not/Sayısal Yerel Not/Harf SÜ Notu

16 - 20 A A

15-15,99 B A-

14-14,99 B B

13-13,99 C B-

12-12,99 C C+

10 - 11,99 D C-

8 - 9,99 E D

0-7,99 F F

HOLLANDA

1) Eindhoven University of Technology 2) Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam 3) Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen 4) Technische Universiteit Delft 5) Universiteit Maastricht 6) Universiteit van Amsterdam 7) Universiteit van Tilburg 8) University of Groningen 9) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 10) Wageningen Universiteit

11) NHL Unıversity of Applied Sciences

(14)

10 A

9,5 A

9 A

8,5 A

8 A

7,5 A

7 B+

6,5 B

6 C

5,5 D

< 5,5 F

Önemli Not: 2019-2020 akademik yılı itibariyle aşağıdaki tablo geçerli olacaktır.

Sayısal Değer SU Notu

9.0 - 10.0 A

8.5 - 8.9 A

8.3 - 8.4 A-

8.1 - 8.2 A-

7.7 – 8.0 B+

7.3 - 7.6 B

7.0 - 7.2 B-

6.7 – 6.9 C+

6.4 - 6.6 C

6.1 -6.3 C-

5.8- 6.0 D+

5.5 - 5.7 D

4.6 -5.4 F

1.0 - 4.5 F

Leiden University

LİSANSÜSTÜ ÖĞRENCİLER Yerel Not SÜ Notu

10 A

9,5 A

9 A-

8,5 A-

8 B+

7,5 B

7 B-

6,5 C+

6 C

5,5 D

<5,5 F

(15)

12) University of Twente

8.5 - 10 A

8.0 - 8.4 A-

7.5 - 7.9 B+

7.0 - 7.4 B

6.5 - 6.9 B-

6.0 - 6.4 C+

5.5 - 5.9 C

5.0 - 5.4 C-

4.5 - 4.9 D+

4.0 - 4.4 D

0 - 3.9 F

Not: P, F , NV, NVD, O, V, VR notları not transferi için geçerli değildir.

İNGİLTERE

1) Cranfield University

2) The University of Nottingham

3)

University of Exeter

70% and above A

66-69,9 A-

63-65.9 B+

60-63 B

58-59 B-

56-58 C+

54-55 C

50-53 C-

47-50 D

0-46 F

(16)

4) University of Northumbria at Newcastle

Yerel Not % SÜ Notu

70% and above A

66- 69,9 A-

63-65,9 B+

60-62 B

58-59 B-

56-57 C+

54-55 C

50-53 C-

41-49 D

0-40 F

4) University of Kent

A A

B B+

C B-

D C

E D

FX F

F F

İSPANYA

1) IE University

2) Universidad Complutense De Madrid 3) Universidad CEU San Pablo

4) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid 5) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia 6) Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

7) Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona 8) Universitat de Barcelona

9) Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

matrícula de honor Sobresaliente 9-10 A

Sobresaliente (honor) / Very Good 9-10 A

Notable/ Good 7.0-8.9 B+

Aprobado/ Passed 6.0-6.9 B-

Aprobado/ Passed 5.0-5.9 C

Suspenso/ Failed 0-4.9 F

No presentado / No attendance NP F

(17)

10) IQS School Of Management, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona

Yerel Not SU Notu

9 -10.0 A

8.9 - 8.5 A-

8.4 - 8.0 B+

7.9 - 7.5 B

7.4 - 7.0 B-

6.9 - 6.5 C+

6.4 - 6.0 C

5.9- 5.5 C-

5.4- 5.0 D

4.9 - 0 F

11) Public University of Navarra

Açıklama Sayısal Not SU Notu

Matricula de Honor/Excellent 10 A

Sobresaliente/Very Good 9-10 A

Notable/Good 8.5 - 8.9 A-

Notable/Good 8.0 - 8.4 B+

Notable/Good 7.5 - 7.9 B

Notable/Good 7.0 - 7.4 B-

Aprobado/Passed 6.5 - 6.9 C+

Aprobado/Passed 6.0 - 6.4 C

Aprobado/Passed 5.5 - 5.9 C-

Aprobado/Passed 5.0 - 5.4 D

Suspenso/Fail 0 - 4.9 F

No presentado/Absent 0 F

İSRAİL

1) IDC Herzilya

Yerel Not SÜ Notu

96-100 A

86-95 A

76-85 B+

66-75 B

60-65 C

0-59 F

(18)

2) Bezalel Academy of Arts And Design

Yerel Not/Sayısal SU Notu

100-95 A

94-90 A

89-85 A

84-80 A-

79-75 B+

74-70 B

69-65 B-

64-60 C+

59-55 C

54-0 F

İSVEÇ

1) Högskolan i Jönköping 2) Luleå Tekniska Universitet 3) Mälardalens Högskola 4) Södertörn University

5) The Royal Institute of Technology 6) Umeå Universitet

7) University of Gothenburg 8) Uppsala Universitet

İsveç’te aşağıdaki not sistemleri kullanılmaktadır. İlgili üniversitenin kullandığı not sistemine göre dönüşüm yapılacaktır:

(VG, G ,U) Not Sistemi

VG A

G B+

U F

(5,4,3,U) Not Sistemi

5 A

4 B+

3 B-

U F

(A,B,C,D,E,FX) Not Sistemi

A A

B B+

C B-

D C

E D

FX F

(19)

İSVİÇRE

1) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL 2) Université de Fribourg

3) ZHAW School of Management and Law

6 A

5.5 B+

5 B-

4.5 C

4 D

3.5 F

3 F

2 F

1 F

4) Universität Bern

Excellent 6 A

Very Good 5.5 B+

Good 5 B-

Satisfactory 4.5 C

Pass 4 D

Fail <4 F

İTALYA

(2015-2016 Bahar Dönemi itibariyle (2015-2016 Bahar döneminde değişimde bulunan öğrenciler dahil)

Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma

1) Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti Milano 2) Università Bocconi

3) Università di Bologna

4) University degli Studi di Napoli Federico II 5) Università Degli Studi Di Milano

İtalya Notu SÜ Notu

29 – 30 A

26 – 28 B+

23 – 25 B-

19 – 22 C

18 D

17 ve altı F

(20)

6) Universita Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore Milano

Yerel Not

SÜ Notu 100 Üzerinden 30 Üzerinden

95-100 29-30 (30L) A

90-94 28 A-

85-89 27 B+

80-84 26 B

75-79 25 B-

70-74 24 C+

65-69 23 C

60-64 22 C-

55-59 21 D+

50-54 20 D

45-49 18-19 D

44 ve altı <18 F

7) Università degli Studi di Brescia

29 – 30 A

26 – 28 B+

23 – 25 B-

19 – 22 C

18 D

17-0 F

8)Universita Degli Studi Di Padova

Yerel Not SU Notu

29-30 (cum laude) A

28 A

27 A-

26 B+

25 B

24 B-

23 C+

22 C

21 C-

20 D+

19 D

< 18 F

(21)

JAPONYA

1)

Tokyo Metropolitan University

Sayısal Not Harf Notu Kazanılan Kredi Açıklama Yüzde Katsayısı SÜ Notu

5 S Awarded Superior 90.00-100.00 4.0 A

4 A Awarded Excellent 80.00-89.00 3.0 A-

3 B Awarded Good 70.00-79.00 2.0 B

2 C Awarded Fair 60.00-69.00 1.0 C

1 No description Not awarded Poor 0.00-59.00 0.0 F 0 No description Not awarded Not evaluable -- 0.0 F

2) Doshisha University

Yerel Not SU Notu

A A

B B

C C

D D

F F

3) Rikkyo University

Yerel Not

Harf Notu Katsayısı SU notu

S 4.0 A

A 3.0 A-

B 2.0 B

C 1.0 C

D 0.0 F

F 0.0 F

(22)

KANADA

1-Queens School of Management

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

D- D

F F

2- University of Toronto

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

D- D

KORE

1) Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

D- D

F F

(23)

2)

Seoul National University

A+ A

A0 A

A- A-

B+ B+

B0 B

B- B-

C+ C+

C0 C

C- C-

D+ D+

D0 D

D- D

F F

3) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)

A+ A

A A-

B+ B+

B B

C+ C+

C C

D+ D+

D D

F F

P P

W W

4) Hanyang University

Yerel Not/Harf Sayısal Değer Katsayısı SU Notu

A+ 95 – 100 4.5 A

A0 90 – 94 4.0 A

B+ 85 – 89 3.5 B+

B0 80 – 84 3.0 B

C+ 75 – 79 2.5 C+

C0 70 – 74 2.0 C

D+ 65 – 69 1.5 D+

D 60 – 64 1.0 D

F 0 – 59 0.0 F

(24)

5) Chung Ang University

Sayısal Değer Yerel Not/Harf GPA SU Notu

100-95 A+ 4.5 A

94-90 A 4.0 A

89-85 B+ 3.5 B+

84-80 B 3.0 B

79-75 C+ 2.5 C+

74-70 C 2.0 C

69-65 D+ 1.5 D+

64-60 D 1.0 D

Failure F 0 F

6) Kyung Hee University Yerel Not

Sayısal Değer Harf Notu SU Notu

100 A+ A

96 A0 A

93 A- A-

89 B+ B+

86 B0 B

83 B- B-

79 C+ C+

76 C0 C

73 C- C-

69 D+ D+

66 D0 D

63 D- D

0 F F

7) University of Seoul

Yerel Not

Sayısal Değer Harf Notu SU Notu

95-100 A+ A

90-95 A0 A

85-89 B+ B+

80-84 B0 B

75-79 C+ C+

70-74 C0 C

65-69 D+ D+

60-64 D0 D

0-59 0 F

(25)

8) KAIST (KOREAN ADVANCED INSTITUTE of SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY)

KAIST Notu

SU Notu Harf Notu Katsayısı

A+ 4.3 A

Ao 4 A

A- 3.7 A-

B+ 3.3 B+

Bo 3 B

B- 2.7 B-

C+ 2.3 C+

Co 2 C

C- 1.7 C-

D+ 1.3 D+

Do 1 D

D- 0.7 D

F 0 F

MACARİSTAN

1) Budapest University of Technology and Economics 2) Corvinus University of Budapest

5 A

4 B+

3 B-

2 C

1 F

MEKSİKA

1) UDLAP (FUNDACION UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS AMERICAS, PUEBLA)

Yerel Not SU Notu

10.0 - 9.9 A

9.8 - 9.6 A-

9.5 - 9.3 B+

9.2 - 9.0 B

8.9 - 8.7 B-

8.6 - 8.4 C+

8.3 - 8.1 C

8.0 - 7.8 C-

7.7 - 7.5 D

7.4 ve altı F

(26)

NORVEÇ

2) University of Agder

Yerel Not SU Notu

A A

B B+

C B-

D C

E D

F F

3) Narvik University College/Uıt The Arctic University of Norway

Yerel Not/Harf SU Notu

A A

B A-

C B

D C

E D

F F

POLONYA

1) Academy of Fine Arts in Gdansk 2) Academy of Fine Arts in Kraców 3) Warsaw School of Economics

Excellent 5.5 A

Excellent 5 A

Very Good 4.5 (4+) B+

Good 4 B-

Satisfactory 3.5 (3+) C

Sufficient 3 D

Fail 2 F

4) Kozminski University

Açıklama

Yerel Not

SU Notu

Excellent, outstanding performance with minor errros

5 A

Very good, above avarage standard but with some errors.

4,5 B+

Good: generally sound works with number of notable errors.

4 B-

Satisfactory plus: fair but with number siginificant shortcomings.

3,5 C

Sufficient: performance meets minimum ciriteria.

3 D

Fail: some more work required before credit can be awarded.

2,5 F

Fail: considerable further work is required

2 F

Passed: not used in the computation of GPA.

Zal. F

(27)

PORTEKİZ

1) Universidade Católica Portuguesa 2) Universidade Nova de Lisboa 3) Universidade Do Porto

18-20 A

16-17 B+

14-15 B-

12-13 C

10-11 D

7-9 F

< 7 F

SİNGAPUR

1) Nanyang Technological University 2) National University Singapore

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

D+ D+

D D

F F

3) Singapore Management University

A+ A

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

F F

(28)

SLOVENYA

1) University of Ljubljana

2) Univerza v Mariboru

Excellent 10 A

Very Good 9 B+

Good 8 B-

Satisfactory 7 C

Pass 6 D

Fail 5-1 F

ŞİLİ

1) Universidad Del Desarrollo-Chile

Poor 1,0-1,5 F

Deficient 1,6-2,4 F

Less than Satisfactory 2.5-2,9 D

3.0-3.4 D+

Satisfactory

3.5-3.8 C-

3.9-4.0 C

4.1-4.7 C+

Good

4.8-5.1 B-

5.2-5.6 B

5.7-6.1 B+

Very Good 6.2-6.5 A-

Outstanding 6.6-7.0 A

TAYVAN

1) National Taiwan Unıversity of Science and Technology

Yerel Not/Harf Katsayı Yerel Not/Sayısal SU Notu

A+ 4.3 90-100 A

A 4.0 85-89 A

A- 3.7 80-84 A-

B+ 3.3 77-79 B+

B 3.0 73-76 B

B- 2.7 70-72 B-

C+ 2.3 67-69 C+

C 2.0 63-66 C

C- 1.7 60-62 C-

D 1.0 50-59 D

E 0.0 1-49 F

X 0.0 0 F

(29)

YUNANİSTAN

1) ALBA Graduate Business School

A A

A- A-

B+ B+

B B

B- B-

C+ C+

C C

C- C-

D+ D+

D D

F F

Son Güncellenme Tarihi/ Last Update: Şubat/February 2020

(Tables are subject to change in case partner university notifies any change in the grading system)