• Sonuç bulunamadı

Başlık: Kategori genişlemesinin marka sadakatindeki rolünün incelenmesiYazar(lar):DENEÇLİ, Sevda; TOSUN, Nurhan Babür Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 Sayfa: 009-037 DOI: 10.1501/Iltaras_0000000081 Yayın Tarihi: 2010 PDF

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Başlık: Kategori genişlemesinin marka sadakatindeki rolünün incelenmesiYazar(lar):DENEÇLİ, Sevda; TOSUN, Nurhan Babür Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 Sayfa: 009-037 DOI: 10.1501/Iltaras_0000000081 Yayın Tarihi: 2010 PDF"

Copied!
29
0
0

Yükleniyor.... (view fulltext now)

Tam metin

(1)

.DWHJRUL*HQLüOHPHVLQLQ

Marka Sadakatindeki

5ROQQúQFHOHQPHVL

LOHWLÁLPDUDÁW¿UPDODU¿‡‹‡  

Sevda Deneçli Nurhan Babür Tosun

Özet .DWHJRULJHQLùOHPHVLQLQPDUNDVDGDNDWLLOHLOLùNLVLQLLUGHOH\HQEXoDO×ùPDGDELULùOHWPHQLQSL\DVD\D VXQDFDö×IDUNOׁUQJUXSODU×QGDGLöHUELUGH\LùOHNDWHJRULOHUGHD\Q×PDUNDDG×Q×QNXOODQ×OPDV×DQODP×QD JHOHQNDWHJRULJHQLùOHWPHQLQPDUNDVDGDNDWLROXùWXUPDGDWNHWLFLOHU]HULQGHNLHWNLVLQLIDUNO×ER\XWODU×LOH LUGHOHPHNDPDoODQPDNWDG×U6DGDNDWROXùXPXQGDEHöHQLOPHPHPQXQL\HWGDYUDQ×ùEDöO×O×NYHGHöLùWLUPH PDOL\HWL|OoWOHULQLQHWNLOLROPDV×QGDQ|WUEXGHöLùNHQOHULQNDWHJRULJHQLùOHPHVLLOHLOLùNLOHQGLULOLS LOLùNLOHQGLULOHPH\HFHöLQLVDSWDPDN\DS×ODQDUDùW×UPDGDLQFHOHQPH\HoDO×ù×ODQNRQXODUDUDV×QGD EXOXQPDNWDG×U

Anahtar Kelimeler: 0DUNDVDGDNDWLNDWHJRULJHQLùOHWPHPDUNDJHQLùOHWPH The Role of Category Extension on Brand Loyalty

7KLVVWXG\DLPVWRH[SORUHWKHLPSDFWRIWKHFDWHJRU\H[WHQVLRQPHDQVRIIHULQJDGLIIHUHQWFDWHJRU\RI SURGXFWJURXSE\XVLQJWKHVDPHEUDQGQDPHLQFUHDWLQJEUDQGOR\DOW\RQFRQVXPHUVE\GLIIHUHQW GLPHQVLRQV%HFDXVHRIDIIHFWLQJWKHFULWHULDIRUIRUPDWLRQRIOR\DOW\IDYRUVDWLVIDFWLRQEHKDYLRU FRPPLWPHQWDQGFRQYHUVLRQFRVWZHUHDQDO\]HGLQRUGHUWRGHWHUPLQHLIWKH\FDQEHFRUUHODWHGRUQRW ZLWKFDWHJRU\H[WHQVLRQ

(2)

.UHVHOOHüPHQLQELUVRQXFXRODUDNPH\GDQDJHOHQYH0F/XKDQ·×Q NUHVHO N|\ RODUDN WDQ×PODG×ù× JQP] GQ\DV×QGD HVNLGHQ EXO-PDNWD]RUOXNoHNLOHQUQOHUDUW×NDOWHUQDWLIOHULLOHUDIODUGD\HULQLDOP×ü EXOXQPDNWDG×U 7NHWLFLOHUL DGHWD UQ ERPEDUG×PDQ×QD WXWDQ LüOHW-PHOHU UDNLSOHULQGHQ IDUNO×ODüPDN DG×QD PDUNDODüPD oDO×üPDODU×QD JLWPHNWHGLUOHU

%DüDU×O× PDUND oDO×üPDV×QD LP]D DWP×ü RODQ LüOHWPHOHU \HQL ELU UQSL\DVD\DVUPHOHULV|]NRQXVXROGXùXQGD]DPDQYHPDOL\HW- WHQND]DQPDNYHYDURODQWNHWLFLVDGDNDWLQGHQ\DUDUODQDUDNWNHWLFL-OHULQ VDW×Q DOPD H\OHPOHULQL NHQGL VDIODU×QGD VRQODQG×UPDN DPDF× LOH \HQL ELU PDUND \DUDWPDN \HULQH PHYFXW PDUNDODU×Q×Q J|OJHVLQGH SD]DUDJLULü\DSPDNWDG×UODU0DUNDJHQLüOHPHVLRODUDNWDQ×PODQPDNWD RODQEXPDUNDVWUDWHMLVLKHUJHoHQJQLüOHWPHOHUWDUDI×QGDQGDKDGD NXOODQ×O×UKDOHJHOPHNWHGLU

3L\DVDODUD\HQLUQOHULQLUQKDWW×\DGDNDWHJRULPDUNDJHQLü-OHPH VWUDWHMLOHUL LOH VRNDQ LüOHWPHOHU PHYFXW PDUND LPDMODU×QGDQ YH PDUND VDGDNDWOHULQGHQ \DUDUODQDUDN PDUND JHQLüOHPHOHULQGH EDüDU× HOGHHGHUNHQEDüDU×O×PDUNDJHQLüOHPHOHULLOHGHYDURODQLPDMODU×Q×YH VDKLSROGXNODU×PDUNDVDGDNDWOHULQLJoOHQGLUPHNWHGLUOHU

%XoDO×üPDGDELULüOHWPHQLQSL\DVD\DVXQDFDù×IDUNOׁUQJUXS-ODU×QGDGLùHUELUGH\LüOHNDWHJRULOHUGHD\Q×PDUNDDG×Q×QNXOODQ×OPDV× DQODP×QD JHOHQ NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHWPHQLQ PDUND VDGDNDWL ROXüWXUPDGD WNHWLFLOHU ]HULQGHNL HWNLVLQL IDUNO× ER\XWODU× LOH LUGHOHPHN

DPDoODQ-.DWHJRUL*HQLüOHPHVLQLQ

(3)

PDNWDG×U 6DGDNDW ROXüXPXQGD EHùHQLOPH PHPQXQL\HW GDYUDQ×ü EDùO×O×NYHGHùLüWLUPHPDOL\HWL|OoWOHULQLQHWNLOLROPDV×QGDQ|WUEX GHùLüNHQOHULQNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLLOHLOLüNLOHQGLULOLSLOLüNLOHQGLULOHPH-\HFHùLQLVDSWDPDN\DS×ODQDUDüW×UPDGDLQFHOHQPH\HoDO×ü×ODQNRQXODU DUDV×QGDEXOXQPDNWDG×U

0DUND*HQLùOHPHVL%DöODP×QGD.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL

0DUND*HQLùOHWPH1HGLU"

*QP]GH NLüLQLQ WRSOXPGD NHQGLVLQL J|UPHN LVWHGLùL \HUH XODüPDV×Q× VDùOD\DQ PDUND ELU LVLP LNRQ VHPERO YH\D ELU LüDUHW ROPDNWDQ|WH\DOQ×]FDWNHWLFLOHULQ\DUDWDELOGLùLELUROJXGXU 6FKXOW] YH%DUQHV $O5LHVYH/DXUD5LHV  ¶%LUSDNHWLQVWQGH-NL PDUND LVPL LOH ]LKLQGHYH%DUQHV $O5LHVYH/DXUD5LHV  ¶%LUSDNHWLQVWQGH-NL PDUND LVPL D\Q× üH\ GHùLOGLU· GL\HUHN PDUNDNDYUDP×Q×QUQQIL]LNVHOYDUO×ù×YHIL]LNVHOLPJHVLQGHQ|WH VR\XWDOJ×ODPDODUDGD\DO×ROXüXQDGLNNDWoHNHUOHU %DEU7RVXQ  'LùHUELUGH\LüOHPDUNDWNHWLFLOHULQELUPDOYH\DKL]PHWLGLùHUOH- ULQGHQVRPXWYHVR\XWDOJ×ODPDODUGRùUXOWXVXQGDD\×UPDV×Q×VDùOD\D- UDN $OLPHQYH&HULW WNHWLFLGHJYHQROXüWXUDQELUNDY-UDPG×U 0DUNDROXüWXUPDQ×QX]XQVROXNOXYHNDSVDPO×ELUVUHoROPDV×Q-GDQ|WULüOHWPHOHULoLQ\HQLELUPDUNDLOH\HQLSD]DUODUDJLUPHNKHU ]DPDQILQDQVDOULVNWDü×U%XQHGHQOHLüOHWPHOHU\HQLELUUQLOHSD]D-UD JLUPH\L KHGHIOHGLNOHULQGH PHYFXW PDUND LVLPOHULQL NXOODQDUDN

(4)

SD]DUDJLULü\DSPD\×WHUFLKHWPHNWHGLUOHU $DNHUYH.HOOHU  %XVWUDWHMLLüOHWPHOHULQX]XQYHVLVWHPDWLNoDO×üPDODUVRQXFXQGDROXü-WXUGXNODU× PHYFXW PDUNDODU×Q×Q DOJ×ODU×Q× PDNVLPL]H HGHUHN IDUNO× SD]DUE|OPOHULQHXODüPDODU×Q×YH\DPHYFXWSD]DUODU×QDIDUNOׁUQ- OHUGHVDWPDODU×Q×NROD\ODüW×U×U%XEDùODPGDPDUNDJHQLüOHPHVLPHY-FXWPDUNDLVPLQLQD\Q×\DGDEHQ]HUUQSD]DU×QGDVXQXODFDN\HQL ELUUQHYHULOPHVLRODUDNWDQ×PODQDELOLU 7URWW  0DUNDJHQLüOHPHWNHWLFLELOLQFLQLDUWW×UDUDN\HQLSD]DUDQLVSHWHQ GDKDK×]O×YHXFX]ELUüHNLOGHJLULü\DS×OPDV×Q×VDùODG×ù×QGDQ *ULPH YH GLùHUOHUL    LüOHWPHOHULQ \HQL UQOHULQL PDUND JHQLüOH-PHVLVWUDWHMLVLQLNXOODQDUDNSD]DUDVXQPDODU×ILQDQVDOULVNOHULE\N |OoGHRUWDGDQNDOG×UPDQ×Q\DQ×V×UD\HQLUQOHULQSD]DUDN×VDVUH-GH DGDSWH ROPDV×Q× GD NROD\ODüW×U×U 0DUND JHQLüOHWPHQLQ EDüDU×V× WNHWLFLQLQKDI×]DV×QGDPHYFXWPDUND\DDLWROXPOXWXWXPYHLQDQoODU× EDU×QG×UPDV×KDI×]DV×QGDVDKLSROGXùXEXROXPOXWXWXPYHLQDQoODU× PDUND JHQLüOHPHVLQH DWIHWPHVL YH ROXPOX GüQFHOHULQGHQ |WU ROXPVX] KLoELU GüQFH\L PDUND JHQLüOHPHVLQH DNWDUPDPDV× JLEL WNHWLFLGDYUDQ×üODU×QDGD\DO×EHOLUOLYDUVD\×PODUDGD\DO×G×U $DNHUYH .HOOHU 

0DUNDJHQLüOHPHVL\DS×OG×ù×QGDPHYFXWPDUNDIDUN×QGDO×ù×\HQL UQHWUDQVIHUROPDNWDG×UúüOHWPHOHUSL\DVD\DVXQPXüROGXNODU×\HQL UQOHULQLQ GHQHPH G]H\LQH XODüPDODU×Q× PDUND JHQLüOHPHVL VD\H- VLQGHGüNPDOL\HWLOHJHUoHNOHüPHNWHGLUOHU0HYFXWWXWXQPXüPDU- NDQ×QLOHWLüLPHWNLQOLùLQLQJHQLüOHPH\DS×ODQUQHDNWDU×OPDV×VRQX-FX PHYFXW PDUND oDùU×ü×P× \HQL UQH WUDQVIHU ROPDNWD YH E|\OHFH JHQLüOHPHQLQWNHWLFLWDUDI×QGDQ\NVHNNDEXOJ|UPHVLNROD\ODüPDN-WDG×U %X GXUXP PDUND NRQXPODQG×UPDV×QGD JoO GXUXPGD ROPD UDNLSOHUHNDUü×HWNLOLVDYXQPDJLELRODV×\DUDUODU×GDEHUDEHULQGHJHWLU- PHNOHEHUDEHU\HQLUQSL\DVD\DVUPHNLoLQ\HWHUOLIRQVDùODQD-PDPDV×PHYFXWPDUNDLOHJHQLüOH\HQPDUNDDUDV×QGDNL]D\×IX\XP PHYFXWPDUNDQ×QGHùHULQGHD]DOPDUQKDWW×ND\QDNO×VDW×ü×QGü-PHVL oHüLWOL KDWDODUGDQ ND\QDNO× ELUELULQH NDU×üP×ü LWLEDU UHWLP YH GDù×W×PGDHWNLQVL]OLNJLELRODV×ULVNOHULGHEQ\HVLQGHEDU×QG×UPDNWD-G×U $PEOHUYH6W\OHV 

(5)

0DUND*HQLùOHWPH6WUDWHMLOHUL úQVDQ×QGRùDV×QGDYDURODQ|QHPOL|]HOOLNOHUGHQELULVLoHYUHVLQGH- NLROJXODU×YHROD\ODU×GLùHUROJXYHROD\ODULOHLOLüNLOHQGLUPHGUWV-GUúüOHWPHOHULQVDQ×QGRùDV×QGDEXOXQDQEXLOLüNLOHQGLUPH|]HOOLùLQL PDUNDJHQLüOHWPH\DSDUDNNHQGL\DUDUODU×LoLQNXOODQPDNHùLOLPLQGH- GLUOHU7NHWLFLOHULQELUUQDQDPDUNDV×LOHLOLüNLOHQGLUPHVLQH\DU-G×P HGHUHN ELU EDù ROXüWXUDQ PDUND JHQLüOHPH VWUDWHMLVL /LQGVWURP  KHUJHoHQJQLüOHWPHOHULQYD]JHoLOPH]LKDOLQHJHOPHN- WHGLU%XGRùUXOWXGDLüOHWPHOHULQE\PHJHUHNVLQLPOHULQLNDUü×ODG×- ù×HNRQRPLN\DUDUODUVDùODG×ù×PDUNDGHQNOLùLQLYHGHùHULQLNRUXPD-\D \DUG×PF× ROGXùX LoLQ PDUND JHQLüOHWPH VWUDWHMLVLQL X\JXODPD\× WHUFLKHWWLùLV|\OHQHELOLQLU

0DUND JHQLüOHPHVL VWUDWHMLVL  UQ KDWW× JHQLüOHPHVL YH NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL RODUDN LNL JHQHO NDWHJRUL\H D\U×OPDNWDG×U .HOOHU   

hUQ+DWW×*HQLüOHWPHVL

0HYFXWUQQV×Q×I×QGDNL\HQLSL\DVDE|OPQHIDUNO×oHüLWWDW YHEHGHQJLELGHùLüLNOLNOHUGHYDURODQPDUNDLVPLQLNXOODQDUDNJLUPH- VL .HOOHU RODUDNWDQ×PODQDQUQKDWW×JHQLüOHPHVLJHUoHN-OHüWLULOLUNHQ UQQ JLUHFHùL SD]DU×Q |]HOOLNOHUL YH PDOL\HW LOLüNLOHUL DQDOL]LQLQGRùUX\DS×OPDV×E\NELU|QHPWHüNLOHWPHNWHGLU%XQGDQ GROD\×KHUUQQUHNDEHWHGD\DQPDGHUHFHVLNDU\]GHOHULYHWNH-WLFL JHUHNVLQLPLQL NDUü×ODPD GHUHFHOHULQLQ VDSWDQPDV× JHUHNLU %DEU 7RVXQ 

/LWHUDWUGH\D\J×QRODQHùLOLPHJ|UHUQKDWW×JHQLüOHPHVLDüDù× \|QOYH\XNDU×\|QOROPDN]HUHLNLWUOJHUoHNOHüWLULOLU*HQLüOHWL-OHQPDUNDQ×QDQDPDUNDGDQGDKDXFX]IL\DWYHGDKDGüNNDOLWHGH ROPDV×GXUXPXQGDDüDù×\|QODQDPDUNDGDQGDKD\NVHNIL\DWYH NDOLWHGH ROPDV× GXUXPXQGD LVH \XNDU× \|QO UQ KDWW× JHQLüOHPHVL V|]NRQXVXGXU &KHQYH/LX 

*HQLüOHPH PHVDIHVLQLQ oRN D] ROGXùX UQ KDWW× JHQLüOHPHVL LüOHWPHOHUHPHYFXWUQQGHùHULQLJoOHQGLUPHOHULLoLQHQN×VD\ROX VXQPDNWDG×U <HQL UQQ PHYFXW UQ LOH D\Q× NDWHJRULGH ROPDV×

(6)

\HQLUQQPHYFXWUQGHQX]DNODüPDV×Q×HQJHOOHPHNWHDQFDNPHY-FXWUQLOHLOJLOLROXPVX]ELUGüQFHQLQROPDV×GXUXPXQGDLVHEX ROXPVX]OXùXQ \HQL UQH DNWDU×OPDV×QD VHEHS RODELOPHNWHGLU 3LWWD YH.DWVDQLV 

.DWHJRUL*HQLüOHWPHVL

0HYFXWPDUNDLVPLQLQIDUNOׁUQV×Q×IODU×QDJLUPHNLoLQNXOODQ×O-G×ù× .HOOHU NDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQGHUQV×Q×I×QDDLW\DGD LüOHWPH\HWDPDPHQ\HQLRODQELUUQNDWHJRULVLQGH\HUDODQELUUQ YDU RODQ PDUND LVPL LOH SL\DVD\D VXQXOPDNWDG×U &KHQ YH /LX    0DUNDQ×QPHYFXWRODQUQNDWHJRULVLQLQ\HQLNDWHJRULOHUHJHQLü- OHPH\DS×OPDV×RODUDNWDQ×PODQDELOHQNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQGHWNHWL- FLOHUPDUNDJHQLüOHPHVLGHùHUOHQGLUPHOHULQLPHYFXWUQYHJHQLüOH- WLOPLüUQNDWHJRULOHULDUDV×QGDEHQ]HUQLWHOLNOHULQHGD\DQDUDN\DS- PDNWDG×UODU%XNRQXGD\DS×ODQoDO×üPDODUWNHWLFLOHULQIDUNO×JHUHNVL- QLPOHULLoLQNXOODQG×NODU×IDUNOׁUQOHULQD\Q×PDUNDROPDV×Q×VDùOD-PDV×QGDQ |WU NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHQLQ UQ KDWW× JHQLüOHPHVLQH RUDQODVDGDNDWROXüXPXQGDGDKDHWNLOLROGXùXQXRUWD\DNR\PDNWDG×U 0DF,QQLV1DNDPRWRYH0DQL 

$PEOHUYH6W\OHV·LQ  oDO×üPDODU×QGDNXOODQG×NODU×7DXEHU·LQ %\PH0DWULVLX\DUODQPDV×QGDPDUNDJHQLüOHPHVLQGHPHYFXWPDU- NDQ×Q\HQLUQNDWHJRULVLQHJLUPHGHNXOODQ×OG×ùׁUQKDWW×JHQLüOH-PHVLQGH LVH PHYFXW PDUND LVPLQLQ D\Q× UQ NDWHJRULVLQGH \HQL ELU UQJLUPHVLKDOLQGHNXOODQ×OG×ù×J|UOPHNWHGLU

Ürün Kategorisi

Yeni 0HYFXW

Marka ismi Yeni <HQLPDUND <DQUQOHU 0HYFXW 0DUNDJHQLùOHPHVL hUQKDWW×JHQLùOHPHVL øHNLO7DXEHU·LQ  %\PH0DWULVL

.D\QDN$PEOHU7YH&6W\OHV  %UDQG'HYHORSPHQW9HUVXV1HZ3URGXFW'HYHORSPHQW7RZDUGD 3URFHVV0RGHORI([WHQVLRQ'HFLVLRQV-RXUQDORI3URGXFW %UDQG0DQDJHPHQW9RO1R

(7)

3D]DUODPDF×ODU×Q PHYFXW DQD PDUND\× IDUNO× UQ NDWHJRULVLQH X\JXODPDODU× LOH JHUoHNOHüWLULOHQ NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL EXJQH NDGDU ELUoRN LüOHWPH WDUDI×QGDQ X\JXODQPDNWD RODQ ELU PDUND VWUDWHMLVLGLU .DWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL \DSDQ LüOHWPHOHUH EDNW×ù×P×]GD EDüDU×O× JHQLüOH-PH\DSDQLüOHWPHROGXùXJLEL\DQO×üJHQLüOHPHoDO×üPDODU×QGDQ|WU EDüDU×V×] RODQ LüOHWPHOHULQ GH ROGXùXQX J|UOPHNWHGLU .HOOHU    0DUND JHQLüOHPHOHULQL EDüDU× LOH JHUoHNOHüWLUHQ PDUNDODU PHYFXW LPDMODU×QD NDWPD GHùHU HNOHPHQLQ \DQ× V×UD YDU RODQ PüWHUL VDGDNDWOHULQLGHJoOHQGLULUOHU$QFDNJHQLüOHPHQLQEDüDU×V×]O×ù×GXUX-PXQGDLWLEDUGROD\×V×\ODGDVDGDNDWND\E×NDo×Q×OPD]G×U

.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHWPHVLLOH0DUND6DGDNDWL(WNLOHùLPL

0DUND6DGDNDWL.DYUDP×

(QJHQLüDQODP×\ODEHOLUOLELUPDUNDGDQKRüQXWNDODQWNHWLFLOHULQ D\Q× PDUND\× WHNUDU VDW×Q DOPD QL\HWOHULQLQ |OoPOHQPHVL RODUDN WDQ×PODQDQ PDUND VDGDNDWL WNHWLFLOHULQ ELU PDUND\× EHOLUOL ELU VUH NXOODQ×P×QGDQ VRQUD R PDUND\× DOWHUQDWLI PDUNDODUGDQ GDKD WDWPLQ HGLFL EXOPDV×QGDQ |WU ROXüDQ PDUND\D JoO EDùO×O×ù×Q× LIDGH HWPHNWHGLU +ROODQG YH %DNHU    dRN ER\XWOX NDUPDü×N ELU NDYUDP RODQ PDUND VDGDNDWL :LONLH  ·H J|UH EHOLUOL ELU PDUND\D \|QHOLNROXPOXELUWXWXPYHWXWDUO×VDW×QDOPDGDYUDQ×ü×G×U +D  

úüOHWPHOHULQ VDKLS ROGXNODU× VDG×N PüWHUL WDEDQ× LüOHWPHOHULQ SD]DUODPDPDOL\HWOHULQLGüUHUHNNXUXOXüDE\NELUDYDQWDMVDùOD-PDNWDG×U<HQLUQOHULOHSD]DUDNROD\JLULü\DSPD\×YHK×]O×DGDSWH ROPD\×VDùOD\DQPDUNDVDGDNDWLEX\|Q\OHPDUNDJHQLüOHPHVLVWUDWH-MLOHULQHID\GDVDùODPDNWDG×U 7KLHOHYH%HQQHWW  %HOLUOLELUPDUNDLOHGX\JXVDOYHELOLüVHOEDùNXUDQNDODQWNHWLFL- OHULQD\Q×PDUND\×WHNUDUVDW×QDOPDWDYVL\HHWPHYHIDUNO×DNWLYLWHOH-ULQHGX\DUO×ROPDQL\HWOHULQLQ|OoPOHQPHVLRODUDNWDQ×PODQDQPDUND VDGDNDWLQGHQV|]HGLOHELOPHVLLoLQWHVDGIvROPDPDGDYUDQ×üVDOWHSNL ]DPDQ LoHULVLQGH JHUoHNOHüWLULOHELOPH ELU NDUDU YHUPH ELULPL

(8)

WDUDI×Q-GDQ JHUoHNOHüWLULOPH PDUNDODU VHWL DUDV×QWDUDI×Q-GDQ ELU PDUND\× VHoPH YH SVLNRORMLN ELU VUHo QLWHOLùLQGH ROPD NRüXOODU×Q×Q EXOXQPDV× JHUHN-PHNWHGLU %DEU7RVXQ 'LùHUELUGH\LüOHPDUNDVDGDNDWL ELUH\LQD\Q×PDUND\×VUHNOLRODUDN\HQLGHQVDW×QDOPDHùLOLPLQLQ\DQ× V×UD SVLNRORMLN EDùO×O×ù× YH\D PDUND\D WXWXPVDO |Q\DUJ×ODU× GD LIDGH HWPHNWHGLU%XQHGHQOHPDUNDVDGDNDWLRODQELUWNHWLFLPDUND\×VDW×Q DOPDV×G×ü×QGDVXQXODQGDKDL\LWHNOLIOHULGHJHULoHYLULU 0DUNDVDGDNDWL]HULQGH\DS×OP×üoHüLWOLoDO×üPDODUGDQOLWHUDWU- GHHQ\D\J×QNDEXOJ|UHQL/LHEHUPDQQ·×QPDUNDVDGDNDWLQLoER\XW-WDHOHDODQDUDüW×UPDV×G×U%XoER\XWWDQLONLRODQLPDMRGDNO×VDGDNDW WNHWLFLQLQUDNLSPDUNDODUWDUDI×QGDQVXQXODQDOWHUQDWLIUQOHULEHU-WDUDI HGLS PDUND\× WHUFLK HWPHVLQL LIDGH HWPHNWHGLU úNLQFL ER\XWX ROXüWXUDQSD]DUODPDRGDNO×VDGDNDWLVHWNHWLFLQLQPDUND\×WDQ×G×NOD-U×QDWDYVL\HHWPHOHULGXUXPXQXQ|QHPLQLLUGHOHPHNWHGLU6RQER\XWX LVH WNHWLFLOHULQ UQH E\N KDUFDPDODU \DSPDV×Q× LIDGH HGHQ VDW×ü RGDNO×VDGDNDWROXüWXUPDNWDG×U +HPYH,YHUVHQ 

.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL.DSVDP×QGD 0DUND6DGDNDWL<DNODù×PODU×

úüOHWPHOHU SL\DVDGDNL UHNDEHW RUWDP×QGD WNHWLFLOHULQ VDW×Q DOPD H\OHPOHULQL NHQGLOHULQH G|QN VRQODQG×UPDODU× DG×QD ELUoRN oDO×üPD JHUoHNOHüWLUPHNWHGLUOHU %LU WNHWLFL GDKD |QFH NXOODQP×ü ROGXùX ELU PDUND\×WHNUDUVDW×QDOPDH\OHPLQGHEXOXQX\RUVDEXH\OHPHHWNLHGHQ LNLJGEXOXQPDNWDG×U0DUNDQ×QWNHWLFL\HVXQPXüROGXùXEHOOLELU WHNOLILQGHQ WNHWLFLQLQ VDùODG×ù× \DUDU ELULQFL JG\ ROXüWXUXUNHQ LNLQFL JG\ LVH WNHWLFLQLQ NXOODQP×ü ROGXùX PDUND\D NDUü× RODQ GX\JXVDOEDùO×O×ù×ROXüWXUPDNWDG×U'X\JXVDOEDùO×O×ù×Q\DUDWW×ù×LNLQ-FL JGQQ WDWPLQLQLQ  \DUDUD GD\DO× ELULQGX\JXVDOEDùO×O×ù×ROXüWXUPDNWDG×U'X\JXVDOEDùO×O×ù×Q\DUDWW×ù×LNLQ-FL JGQQ WDWPLQLQGHQ GDKDX]XQVUHOLROPDV×QGDQ|WUGX\JXVDOEDùO×O×NJGVQHGD\D-O×VDGDNDWNDO×F×O×NJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU &\UYG 

.DWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQLQDQDPDUNDQ×QPHYFXWLPDM×Q×JoOHQGLU-PHVL YH ROXüWXUXOPDN LVWHQLOHQ LPDM×Q HNVLN \|QOHULQL WDPDPODPDV× LüOHYL D\Q× ]DPDQGD WNHWLFLOHUGH GX\JXVDO EDùO×O×ù×Q GD ROXüPDV×Q× VDùODU 'LùHU ELU GH\LüOH \HQL UQQ \DQ× V×UD DQD PDUND\D LOLüNLQ VHPEROLNDOJ×GDWNHWLFLQLQ]LKQLQGHGDKDEHOLUJLQOHüHUHNNXYYHWOHQLU

(9)

8QFOHV 'RZOLQJ YH +DPPRQG    oDO×üPDODU×QGD PDUNDVDGDNDWLQHLOLüNLQGDYUDQ×üVDOWXWXPVDOYHNDUPDROPDN]HUH o\DNODü×PGDQV|]HWPHNWHGLUOHU7NHWLFLQLQVDW×QDOPDGDYUDQ×ü×Q-GDNLWHUFLKLQLQVUHNOLOLNJ|VWHUPHVLQHRODUDNGD\DO×RODQGDYUDQ×üVDO VDGDNDWVDW×QDOPDPLNWDU×VDW×QDOPDRODV×O×ù×YHVDW×QDOPDV×NO×ù× |OoPOHUL NXOODQ×ODUDN GHùHUOHQGLULOLU &KDQJ YH &KHQ    6DGDNDWLQGDYUDQ×üVDOER\XWXWNHWLFLQLQ|OoOHELOHQVDW×QDOPDGDY-UDQ×üODU×Q×RUWD\DNR\DUDNPDUND\×WHNUDUVDW×QDOPDHùLOLPLQLLIDGH HWPHNWHGLU'DYUDQ×üVDO\DNODü×PDJ|UHELUGDYUDQ×üWURODQVDGD-NDW ELUH\ GDKD |QFH NXOODQP×ü ROGXùX PDUND\× VLVWHPOL ELU üHNLOGH WHNUDUGDQVDW×QDOPDV×GXUXPXQGDROXüPDNWDG×U7NHWLFLQLQNXOODQ- P×üROGXùXPDUND\×EHùHQPHVHYPHKRüODQPDJLELGX\JXVDOQHGHQ-OHUGHQ |WU WHNUDUGDQ VDW×Q DOP×ü RODELOHFHùL RODV×O×ù×Q× J|] DUG× HWPHVLEX\DNODü×P×QHQ]D\×I\|QQROXüWXUPDNWDG×U%XQGDQGROD-\×GDYUDQ×üVDO\DNODü×PDGD\DO×VDGDNDWJYHQLOLUYHNDO×F×QLWHOLNWH GHùLOGLU 6KHKW YG    6DW×Q DOPD GDYUDQ×ü×Q×Q KHU ]DPDQ PDUND\DNDUü×YHULOHQELUWDDKKGQVRQXFXQLWHOLùLWDü×PDPDV×GDY-UDQ×üVDO \DNODü×P×Q ELU GLùHU ]D\×I \|QQ ROXüWXUPDNWDG×U %RZHQ YG 

0DUNDoDùU×ü×PODU×QDLOLüNLQGHQH\LPOHUGX\JXODUVRQXFXROXüDQ VDW×QDOPDGDYUDQ×ü×\DGDPDUND\DNDUü×L\LQL\HWLQGHYDPO×O×NJ|VWHU- PHVLQLQVRQXFXRODUDNROXüDQWXWXPVDO\DNODü×PVDW×QDOPDGDYUDQ×-ü×QDEDù×PO×GHùLOGLU%XEDùODPGDWNHWLFLQLQGX\JXVDOELUEDùO×O×ù× RODQ ELU PDUND\× VDW×Q DOPD\×S VDGHFH EDüNDODU×QD WDYVL\H HWPHVL WXWXPVDO\DNODü×PRODUDNQLWHOHQGLULOPHNWHGLU*RXQDULVYH6WDWKDSR-XORV  ·DJ|UHPDUNDVDGDNDWLQGHQEDKVHGLOHELOPHVLLoLQ GDYUDQ×üVDO \DNODü×PD HN RODUDN WXWXPVDO \DNODü×P×QGD YDU ROPDV× JHUHNPHNWHGLU-DFRE\YH&KHVQXW  oDO×üPDODU×QGDPDUNDVDGD-NDWLQLQoHüLWOLPDUNDODULoHULVLQGHQELUPDUND\D\|QHOLNRODUDNEHOLUOL NDUDU YHUPH ELULPOHUL WDUDI×QGDQ JHUoHNOHüWLULOHQ WDUDIO× ELU \DQ×W YH NDUDU YHUPH H\OHPLQL LoHUHQ SVLNRORMLN ELU VUHo ROGXùXQX LIDGH HWPHNWHGLUOHU0DUNDVDGDNDWLEXEDùODPGDHOHDO×QG×ù×]DPDQWXWXP-VDOELUEDN×üDo×V×Q×\DQV×WPDNWDG×U

0DUNDVDGDNDWL\DNODü×PODU×QGDQoQFYHVRQXQFXRODQ\DNOD-

(10)

ü×PLVHNDUPD\DNODü×PG×U6DGDNDWWDQ×P×Q×QWDWPLQHGLFLROPDV×Do×- V×QGDQGDYUDQ×üVDOYHWXWXPVDO\DNODü×P×ELUOHüWLUHQNDUPD\DNODü×P-GD WNHWLFLOHU WHUFLK EHùHQL VDW×Q DOPD PLNWDU× YH V×NO×ù× GHUHFHVLQH EDùO×RODUDNGHùHUOHQGLUPHNWHGLUOHU .LPYG .DUPD\DNODü×P×Q GD\DQDN QRNWDV× RODQ WXWXP YH GDYUDQ×ü DUDV×QGD ELU LOLüNL ROGXùX J|Uü\DS×ODQIDUNO×DUDüW×UPDODUVRQXFXQGDWXWXPLOHGDYUDQ×üDUD-V×QGD KHU ]DPDQ ELU LOLüNL ROPDG×ù×Q× RUWD\D o×NDUP×üW×U %X VRQXo ]HULQHVRV\RSVLNRORJODUWDUDI×QGDQIDUNO×WXWXPGDYUDQ×üoDO×üPDODU× JHUoHNOHüWLULOPLü YH ]DPDQ WXWXP GHUHFHVL WXWXP XODü×ODELOLUOLùL YH IDUN×QGDO×N IDNW|UOHULQLQ WXWXPXQ GDYUDQ×üD G|QüPHVLQH HWNL HWWLùL VRQXFXQDYDU×OP×üW×U .Dù×Wo×EDü× 

0DUNDVDGDNDWLQLQEXo\DNODü×P×QGDQYDU×ODQVRQXFDJ|UHGDY-UDQ×üVDOELUFHYDSYHSVLNRORMLN\|QWHPIRQNVL\RQXRODUDNLIDGHHGLOHQ KHPGDYUDQ×üKHPGHWXWXPODU×QELOHüHQLQGHQROXüDQPDUNDVDGDND-WLQGHVDW×QDOPDWHNUDU×Q×QELUNDQ×WROPDG×ù×YHVDW×QDOPDQL\HWLQLQ E\N ELU |QHP WDü×G×ù× J|UOPHNWHGLU 7HSHFL    0HYFXW PDUND\DVDG×NRODQWNHWLFLQLQPDUNDQ×QNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQHJLW-PHVL GXUXPXQGD JHQLüOHPH\H JLWPLü RODQ UQH PHYFXW PDUND\D LOLüNLQWXWXPYHGDYUDQ×üODU×Q×VDW×QDOPDQL\HWLEHUDEHULQGHJ|VWHUPH-VLNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQGHGHPDUNDVDGDNDWLQLQROXüWXùXVRQXFXQD YDU×OPDV×Q×VDùODPDNWDG×U .DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVLQLQ0DUND6DGDNDWL .DSVDP×QGD'HöHUOHQGLULOPHVL $DNHU  \×O×QGD\DSP×üROGXùXoDO×üPDGDNDUDUYHUPHH\OH-PLLoHUHQSVLNRORMLNELUVUHoROGDQPDUNDVDGDNDWLQLQ\DUDW×OPDV×QGD EHOLUOL |OoWOHULQ ROPDV× JHUHNWLùLQL VDYXQPXüWXU %X |OoWOHUGHQ LONL RODQGDYUDQ×ü|OoWVDW×QDOPDYHWXWXPDUDV×QGDNLLOLüNLER\XWXLOH LOJLOHQLU6DW×QDOPDGDYUDQ×ü×QGDQNDUHOGHHWPHDPDF×Q×GDGHVWHNOH-\HQ GDYUDQ×üD GD\DO× VDGDNDWLQ YDUO×ù×QGDQ V|] HGLOHELOPHVL LoLQ o GXUXPXQ JHUoHNOHüPHVL JHUHNPHNWHGLU 0DUNDQ×Q WHNUDU DO×QPDV× VDW×QDO×QPDRUDQ×Q×Q\NVHNROPDV×YHHQoRNVDWDQPDUNDODULoHULVLQ-GH EXOXQPDV× GXUXPXQGD GDYUDQ×üVDO PDUND VDGDNDWLQLQ LüOHGLùLQ- GHQV|]HGHELOPHNWHGLU.DWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVL\DSP×üRODQELUPDUND-Q×Q JHQLüOHPH \DSPDGDQ |QFHNL VDW×Q DOPD RUDQ× |OoVQGH \NVHN

(11)

VDW×QDOPDRUDQ×QDVDKLSROPDV×JHQLüOHPLüPDUNDQ×QWNHWLFLWDUDI×Q- GDQVDW×QDOPDGDYUDQ×ü×Q×QGHYDPO×O×NJ|VWHUPHVLYHJHQLüOHPLüPDU-NDQ×Q DOWHUQDWLI PDUNDODU LoHULVLQGH HQ oRN VDWDQODU LoHULVLQGH EXOXQ- PDV×GXUXPXQGDPDUNDVDGDNDWLQLQJHQLüOHPLüPDUNDGDGDGHYDPO×-O×NJ|VWHUGLùLQLRUWD\DNR\PDNWDG×U

0DUNDVDGDNDWL\DUDWPDGDJHUHNOLRODQELUGLùHU|OoWLVHGHùLüWLU-PH PDOL\HWL |OoWGU 0DUND VDGDNDWLQGHQ GROD\× WHNUDU VDW×Q DOPD GDYUDQ×ü×Q×Q J|UQPH\HQ VHEHEL WNHWLFLOHULQ NXOODQPDNWD ROGXNODU× PDUND\× GHùLüWLUPHN LVWHPHPHOHULQLQ WNHWLFL\H JHWLUHFHùL ILQDQVDO PDOL\HWLQ \NVHNOLùL GH RODELOLU %X EDùODPGD PDUND\× WHNUDU VDW×Q DOPD GDYUDQ×ü×Q× GRùUXGDQ VDGDNDW LOH LOLüNLOHQGLUPHN oRN GRùUX ROPDPDNWDG×U6DGDNDWED]×QGDWHNUDUVDW×QDOPDGXUXPXDQFDNGHùLü-WLUPH PDOL\HWLQLQ GüN ROPDV× GXUXPXQGD WHNUDUGDQ VDW×Q DOPDODU× EDùODP×QGD V|] NRQXVXGXU %|\OH ELU VDGDNDWLQ \DUDW×OPDV× LoLQ LVH LüOHWPHOHULQWNHWLFLOHUH\|QHOLNJHUoHNOHüWLUGLùLWXWXPVDOEDùO×O×NROXü-WXUPD\D GD\DO× PDUND oDO×üPDODU× X\JXODQPDO×G×U  3D]DUGD \HU DODQ ED]×PDUNDUQOHULQEHOLUOLELUVLVWHPHVDKLSROXüX |UQHNFHSWHOHIR-QX  WNHWLFLQLQ PDUND\× GHùLüWLUPH PDOL\HWLQGHQ GROD\× PDUND\× GHùLüWLUPHVLQL HQJHOOHPHNWH WNHWLFLQLQ UDNLS PDUNDODUD ND\PDV×Q× ]RUODüW×UPDNWDG×U%XVHEHSWHQGROD\×PDUNDGHùLüLPLJHUoHNOHüWLUHPH-\HQWNHWLFLQLQVDGDNDWLQGHQEDKVHWPHNV|]NRQXVXROPDPDNWDG×U

.DWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL \DS×OP×ü RODQ ELU PDUNDQ×Q UQQQ DQD PDUNDLOHEHQ]HUELUPDOL\HWHVDKLSROPDV×WNHWLFLGHVDGDNDWLHWNLOHPH GXUXPXQD\RODoPD\DELOLUoQNDQDPDUNDGDNLGHùLüWLUPHPDOL\HWL- QLELOHUHNDQDPDUND\×NXOODQP×üELUWNHWLFLJHQLüOHPLüNDWHJRULU-QQHGHD\Q×EDN×üDo×V×LOH\DNODüDFDNW×U%XGXUXPGDDQDPDUNDGDNL PDUND VDGDNDWLQLQ JHQLüOHPLü NDWHJRULGHNL UQGH GH VUGUOHELOLU ROPDV×V|]NRQXVXGXU

0DUNDVDGDNDWL\DUDWPDGD\DS×WDüODU×QGDQELULRODQPHPQXQL\HW |OoW PDUNDQ×Q UDV\RQHOOLùL YH GX\JXVDOO×ù×QD EDùO× |]HOOLNOHULQLQ WNHWLFL ]HULQGHNL HWNLOHULQH GD\DO× ROGXùX üHNOLQGH LIDGH HGLOHELOLU 0DUNDQ×Q VXQPXü ROGXùX UQQ WHPHOGH WNHWLFL JHUHNVLQLPOHULQL NDUü×ODPDV×VDKLSROGXùXLüOHYVHO|]HOOLNOHULQUDNLSPDUNDODUGDEXOXQ-

(12)

PD\×ü×PDUNDQ×QIL\DW×Q×QWNHWLFLEDN×P×QGDQX\JXQROPDV×PDUND- Q×QGDù×W×PNDQDOODU×Q×QWNHWLFLGHPHPQXQL\HW\DUDWPDV×YHPDUND-Q×Q LOHWLüLP oDO×üPDODU×Q×QGDù×W×PNDQDOODU×Q×QWNHWLFLGHPHPQXQL\HW\DUDWPDV×YHPDUND-Q×Q WNHWLFL WDUDI×QGDQ WDWPLQ HGLFL ER\XWWD ROPDV× PDUND PHPQXQL\HWLQL VDùOD\DQ UDV\RQHO |]HOOLNOHUL ROXüWXU- PDNWDG×U0DUNDPHPQXQL\HWLROXüWXUDQGX\JXVDO|]HOOLNOHULVHPDU- NDQ×QVXQGXùXUQQNXOODQ×P×Q×QWNHWLFL\HNHQGLQLUDKDWKLVVHWWLU-PHVL PDUNDQ×Q VXQPXü ROGXùX |]HO KL]PHWOHULQ WNHWLFL\L PHPQXQ HWPHVLPDUND\×NXOODQDQWNHWLFLQLQPDUND\×NXOODQPDV×GXUXPXQGD NHQGLVLQLD\U×FDO×NO×KLVVHWPHGXUXPXYHPDUNDLOHWLüLPLQLQWNHWLFLGH VDùODP×üROGXùXGX\JXVDOWDWPLQGLU$QDPDUND\DX\JXQEDüDU×O×ELU JHQLüOHPH\DSP×üRODQPDUNDODUGDDQDPDUNDGDQGX\XODQPHPQXQL-\HW JHQLüOHPHQLQ DQD PDUND\D X\JXQ ROPDV×QGDQ |WU JHQLüOHPLü PDUND\D GD WUDQVIHU RODELOPHNWHGLU %X EDùODPGD PHYFXW PDUNDQ×Q VDGDNDWLQLQJHQLüOH\HQPDUND\DWUDQVIHULGHV|]NRQXVXGXU

7DPDPHQ GX\JXVDO ELU WHPHOH GD\DO× RODQ PDUNDQ×Q EHùHQLOPH |OoWPDUNDVDGDNDWL\DUDWPDGDJHUHNOLRODQELUGLùHU|OoWWU6DGD-NDWLQ ROXüPDV×QGD E\N ELU URO R\QD\DQ GX\JXVDO EDù×Q \DUDW×OPD-V×QGD PDUNDQ×Q EHùHQLOPHVL E\N ELU |QHP WDü×PDNWDG×U 0DUND EHùHQLVL\DUDWPDNLoLQPDUNDQ×QYDDWOHULQHLQDQPDQ×QWNHWLFL\HYHU-GLùLJYHQPDUND\D\NOHQPLüNLüLVHO|]HOOLNOHULVD\HVLQGHPDUNDYH WNHWLFLDUDV×QGD\DN×QO×NKLVVLQGHQGRùDQDUNDGDüO×NWNHWLFLQLQPDU-ND\× |]HO EXOPDV×QGDQ |WU PDUND\D GX\GXùX VD\J× YH PDUND LOH |]GHüOHüPHLVWHùLLoLQGHEXOXQPDV×Q×VDùOD\DQVHYPHIDNW|UOHULJHUHN- PHNWHGLU*oOELUVDGDNDWLoLQE\NELU|QHPWDü×\DQPDUNDEHùH-QLVL \DUDWPD |OoW JHQLüOHPLü PDUND VDGDNDWL \DUDWPDN LoLQ GH E\N ELU |QHP WDü×PDNWDG×U *HQLüOHPLü PDUND\D GX\XODQ JYHQ DUNDGDüO×NVD\J×YHVHYJLKLVOHULPDUNDEHùHQLOPHVLQL\DUDWPDNWDEX EHùHQLGHPDUNDVDGDNDWLQLEHUDEHULQGHJHWLUPHNWHGLU 0DUNDVDGDNDWL\DUDWPDNLoLQJHUHNHQ|OoWOHULQVRQXQFXVXRODQ |OoWLVHPDUNDQ×QEDùO×O×N|OoWGU7NHWLFLOHULQNHQGLOHULQLPDUND LOHEWQOHüWLULSNHQGLOHULQLRQXQELUSDUoDV×RODUDNJ|UHUHNPDUNDQ×Q GLùHUNXOODQ×F×ODU×LOHLOHWLüLPNXUPDLVWHùLQLEDU×QG×UDQPDUNDQ×QEDù- O×O×N|OoWQGHPDUNDLOHWNHWLFLDUDV×QGDNXUXODQGX\JXVDOEDùVD\H-VLQGH WNHWLFLOHU PDUND\× ELU GRVW RODUDN J|UUOHU 0DUND\× VUHNOL RODUDNVDW×QDOPDH\OHPLQLWHWLNOH\HQPDUNDQ×QEDùO×O×ù×|OoWNDWHJR-ULJHQLüOHPHVL\DS×OP×üRODQPDUNDGDGDROXüXPXQXJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU

(13)

.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVLQLQ0DUND6DGDNDWL

h]HULQGHNL5ROQH<|QHOLN%LU$UDùW×UPD

$UDùW×UPDQ×Q$PDF×.DSVDP×YH.×V×WODU×

%LULüOHWPHQLQSL\DVD\DVXQDFDù×IDUNOׁUQJUXSODU×QGDGLùHUELU GH\LüOHNDWHJRULOHUGHD\Q×PDUNDDG×Q×QNXOODQ×OPDV×DQODP×QDJHOHQ NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHWPHQLQ PDUND VDGDNDWL ROXüWXUPDGD WNHWLFLOHU ]H- ULQGHNLHWNLVLQLIDUNO×ER\XWODU×LOHEHOLUOHPHNDUDüW×UPDQ×QWHPHODPD-F×Q× ROXüWXUPDNWDG×U /LWHUDWUGHNL \D\J×Q RODQ J|UüH J|UH $DNHU VDGDNDWROXüXPXQGDEHùHQLOPHPHPQXQL\HWGDYUDQ×ü EDùO×O×N YH GHùLüWLUPH PDOL\HWL |OoWOHULQLQ HWNLOL ROGXùXQXQ NDEXO J|UPHNWHGLU%XGHùLüNHQOHULQNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLLOHLOLüNLOHQGLULOLS LOLüNLOHQGLULOHPH\HFHùLQLVDSWDPDN\DS×ODQEXDUDüW×UPDGDLQFHOHQPH-\HoDO×ü×ODQNRQXODUDUDV×QGDEXOXQPDNWDG×U %XDUDüW×UPDQ×Q|UQHNOHPNDSVDP×QDVDGHFHúVWDQEXOLOV×Q×UODU× LoLQGHEXOXQDQG|UWDO×üYHULüPHUNH]LQHELUKDIWDVRQXJHOHQNLüLOHUGHQ NLüLQLQGDKLOHGLOPHVLDUDüW×UPDQ×QHQ|QHPOLN×V×W×Q×ROXüWXUPDN-WDG×U %X N×V×WD UDùPHQ DUDüW×UPD VRQXoODU×Q×Q NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL-QLQPDUNDVDGDNDWLROXüWXUPD]HULQGHNLHWNLQOLùLQLIDUNO×ER\XWODUGD GHùHUOHQGLUPH NRQXVXQGD |QHPOL LSXoODU× YHUHFHN YH EX NRQXGD \DS×ODFDNGDKDNDSVDPO×DUDüW×UPDODUD×ü×NWXWDFDNQLWHOLNWHGLU

$UDùW×UPDQ×Q+LSRWH]OHUL

dDO×üPDQ×Q DUDüW×UPD |QFHVL N×VP×QGD YXUJXODQPD\D oDO×ü×ODQ OLWHUDWUGHùHUOHQGLUPHOHULGRùUXOWXVXQGD $DNHUYH.HOOHU $DNHU7KLHOHYH%HQQHWW+D EHOLUOHQHQ DPDoNDSVDP×QGDDUDüW×UPDKLSRWH]OHULDüDù×GDEHOLUWLOGLùLJLELWDQ×P-ODQP×üW×U +7NHWLFLQLQNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQLEHùHQPHVLLOHPDUNDVDGD-NDWLDUDV×QGDDQODPO×ELULOLüNLYDUG×U

+ 7NHWLFLQLQ NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQGHQ PHPQXQ ROPDV× LOH PDUNDVDGDNDWLDUDV×QGDDQODPO×ELULOLüNLYDUG×U

+7NHWLFLQLQNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVL\DSDQPDUND\DGDYUDQ×ü×LOH PDUNDVDGDNDWLDUDV×QGDDQODPO×ELULOLüNLYDUG×U

(14)

+7NHWLFLQLQNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQHEDùO×O×ù×LOHPDUNDVDGD-NDWLDUDV×QGDDQODPO×ELULOLüNLYDUG×U

+ 7NHWLFLQLQ NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL \DSDQ PDUND\D LOLüNLQ GHùLüWLUPH PDOL\HWL J|Uü LOH PDUND VDGDNDWL DUDV×QGD DQODPO× ELU LOLüNLYDUG×U

+7NHWLFLQLQNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQH\|QHOLNWXWXPXLOHPDUND VDGDNDWLDUDV×QGDDQODPO×ELULOLüNLYDUG×U

$UDùW×UPDQ×Q7U

%XDUDüW×UPDoHUoHYHVLQGHNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQLQPDUNDVDGDND-WL ROXüWXUPDGD WNHWLFLOHU ]HULQGHNL HWNLOHUL QHGHQOHUL LOH ELUOLNWH WDQ×PODQPD\DoDO×ü×OPDNWDYHGHùLüNHQOHUDUDV×QGDNLLOLüNLOHULQFHOHQ-PHNWHGLU%XQHGHQOHEXoDO×üPDWDQ×PVDODUDüW×UPDNDWHJRULVLQGH\HU DOPDNWDG×U

$UDùW×UPD<|QWHPL gUQHNOHP6HoLPL

%X DUDüW×UPDQ×Q DPDF×Q×Q JHQHO RODUDN NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL \DSDQ PDUNDODU×Q WNHWLFLOHUGH VDGDNDW ROXüWXUPDGD EDüDU×O× ROXS ROPDG×NODU×Q×QVDSWDQPDV×YHEXGRùUXOWXGDJHQLüOHPHQLQWNHWLFLOH- ULQGX\JXGüQFHYHGDYUDQ×üODU×QGDKDQJLER\XWODUGDHWNLOLROGX-ùXQX QHGHQOHUL LOH RUWD\D NR\DELOPHNWLU %X GRùUXOWXGD |UQHNOHP RODUDN .HOOHU   NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQL EDüDU×O× \DSP×ü RODQ 'RYHYHEDüDU×V×]\DSP×üRODQ/HYL·VPDUNDV×DO×QP×üW×U

3D]DUODPDDUDüW×UPDV×QGDNXOODQ×ODQ|UQHNKDFLPOHULQGHQ´SURE-OHPEHOLUOHPH\H\|QHOLN\DS×ODQDUDüW×UPDODUµ|UQHNKDFPLQLQ DUDV×QGD ROPDV× JHUHNOLOLùLQL EHOLUWPHNWHGLU *HJH]    %XQ-GDQ GROD\× DUDüW×UPD  NLüLOLN ELU |UQHNOHP PLNWDU×QD XODü×OPDV× KHGHIOHQHUHN JHUoHNOHüWLULOPLüWLU $UDüW×UPDGD DQNHW IRUPODU×QGDQ ED]×ODU×Q×QGHùHUOHQGLUPHG×ü×NDOPDRODV×O×ù×Q×QJ|]|QQGHEXOXQ-GXUXOPDV×QGDQ |WU KHGHIOHQHQ |UQHNOHP PLNWDU×Q×Q ·X ID]ODV× RODQNLüLLOHDUDüW×UPD\DS×OP×üW×U%DVLWWHVDGIv|UQHNOHPH\|QWH- PLNXOODQ×OP×üRODQEXDUDüW×UPDG|UWDO×üYHULüPHUNH]LLOHV×Q×UO×WXWXO-

(15)

PXüYHJ|UüOPHVLSODQODQDQNLüLQLQHüLWGDù×O×P×Q×QJHUoHNOHü- WLULOPHVLDPDF×LOHKHUDO×üYHULüPHUNH]LQGHNLüL\HDQNHWX\JXODQ-P×üW×U

<DS×ODQLONGHùHUOHQGLUPHVRQXFXQGDHNVLNYHKDWDO×GROGXUXODQ DQNHWIRUPODU×Q×QHOHQPHVLQHGHQLLOHDQDOL]HHOYHULüOLDQNHWVD\×V× RODUDN VDSWDQP×üW×U$QNHW IRUPODU× LNL N×V×PGDQ ROXüPDNWDG×U úON N×V×PGD \HU DODQ VRUXODU J|UüOHQ NLüLOHULQ GHPRJUDILN |]HOOLNOHULQL VDSWDPD\D\|QHOLNWLU8\JXODQDQDQNHWIRUPXQXQLNLQFLN×VP×QGDLVH

.HOOHU   ·H J|UH NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQL EDüDU×O× \DSP×ü RODQ 'RYHYHEDüDU×V×]\DSP×üRODQ/HYL·VPDUNDV×|UQHNDO×QDUDNEXPDU-NDODUD\|QHOLNEHùHQLOPHPHPQXQL\HWGDYUDQ×üEDùO×O×NGHùLüWLUPH PDOL\HWL|OoWOHULQH\|QHOLNHùLOLPOHUYHWXWXPODU×Q×EHOLUOHPH\H\|QH-OLNVRUXODU\HUDOP×üW×U$QNHWIRUPXQGDGDoRNWDQVHoPHOLYH|OoHNOL VRUXODU \HU DOPDNWDG×U gOoHN NXOODQ×ODUDN KD]×UODQDQ VRUXODUGD  OL /LNHUW|OoHùLNXOODQ×OP×üW×U

9HULOHULQ'HùHUOHQGLULOPHVL

$QDOL]HHOYHULüOLDQNHWIRUPX6366IRU:LQGRZVSDNHWSURJ-UDP× \DUG×P× LOH DQDOL] HGLOPLüWLU dDO×üPDGD NXOODQ×ODQ |OoHNOHULQ LVWDWLVWLNVHO JYHQLOLUOLùL &URQEDFK $OSKD \|QWHPL LOH V×QDQP×ü YH DOSKDGHùHULRODUDNVDSWDQP×üW×U%XGHùHUDUDüW×UPDQ×QJYHQLOLU ROGXùXQXJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU

$UDüW×UPDYHULOHULQLQDQDOL]LQGHYHGHùLüNHQOHUDUDV×QGDNLLOLüNL-OHULQ GHùHUOHQGLULOPHVLQGH IUHNDQV \]GH \|QWHPL 6SHDUPDQ NRUH-ODV\RQDQDOL]LX\JXODQP×üW×U

$UDùW×UPD9HULOHULQLQ$QDOL]L

'HPRJUDILNg]HOOLNOHULQLQ'HöHUOHQGLULOPHVL

$üDù×GDNLWDEORGDDUDüW×UPDNDW×ODQODU×QFLQVL\HWHùLWLPGXUXPX PHGHQL GXUXP JHOLU GXUXPX YH \Dü GXUXPXQD J|UH GDù×O×PODU× J|UOPHNWHGLU&HYDSOD\×F×ODU×Q·HUNHN·VLLVHNDG×QG×U $QNHWL FHYDSOD\DQODU×Q ·VL LON|ùUHWLP ·X OLVH ·X |Q OLVDQV·V×OLVDQVYH·LVHOLVDQVVWHùLWLPDOP×üGXUXPGD-

(16)

G×U*|UüOHQNLüLOHULQ·LQLHYOLOHU·LQLLVHEHNkUODUROXüWXU-PDNWDG×U $UDüW×UPD\D NDW×ODQODU×Q ·L  WO·GHQ D] ·  WO DUDV× ·  WO DUDV× YH ·VL  WO ]HUL JHOLUGXUXPXQDVDKLSWLU$UDüW×UPD\DNDW×ODQODU×Q\DüGXUXPXDo×V×Q-GDQRODQGDù×O×PLVH·\Dü·L\Dü·V×LVH \DüYH]HULKDOLQGHGLU

7DEOR'HPRJUDILNg]HOOLNOHULQLQ'HöHUOHQGLULOPHVL

Demografik Özellikler Frekans Yüzde

Cinsiyet (UNHN   .DG×Q   (öLWLP ÷ON|öUHWLP   /LVH   gQOLVDQV   /LVDQV   /LVDQVVW  

Medeni Hal (YOL  

%HNDU   Gelir WO·GHQD]   WO   WO   WO]HUL   <Dù       YH]HUL  

(17)

.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL<DSDQ0DUNDQ×Q

'HöLùWLUPH0DOL\HWL']H\LQLQ'HöHUOHQGLULOPHVL

$QNHWHNDW×ODQODU×Q·XEDüDU×O×NDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVL\DSP×ü RODQPDUNDQ×QGHùLüWLUPHPDOL\HWLQLWDPDPHQ\NVHNEXOPDNWD\NHQ ·L LVH VDGHFH \NVHN EXOPDNWDG×U ·L FHYDSOD\×F× PDUNDQ×Q GHùLüWLUPHPDOL\HWLKDNN×QGDWDUDIV×]NDO×UNHQ·\NVHNEXOPD-PDNWD·V×LVHKLo\NVHNEXOPDPDNWDG×U

7DEOR.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVLQL%DùDU×O×<DSDQ0DUNDQ×Q'HöLùWLUPH0DOL\HWL<|Q

*|UùOHU Frekans Yüzde

7DPDPHQ\NVHNEXODQODU   <NVHNEXODQODU   7DUDIV×]ODU   <NVHNEXOPD\DQODU   +Lo\NVHNEXOPD\DQODU   723/$0   $QNHWHNDW×ODQODU×Q·LEDüDU×V×]NDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVL\DSP×ü RODQPDUNDQ×QGHùLüWLUPHPDOL\HWLQLWDPDPHQ\NVHNEXOPDNWD\NHQ ·VL GHùLüWLUPH PDOL\HWLQL VDGHFH \NVHN EXOPDNWDG×U ·X FHYDSOD\×F× PDUNDQ×Q GHùLüWLUPH PDOL\HWL KDNN×QGD WDUDIV×] NDO×UNHQ ·L\NVHNEXOPDPDNWD·VLLVHKLo\NVHNEXOPDPDNWDG×U 7DEOR.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVLQL%DùDU×V×]<DSDQ0DUNDQ×Q'HöLùWLUPH0DOL\HWL<|Q

*|UùOHU Frekans Yüzde

7DPDPHQ\NVHNEXODQODU   <NVHNEXODQODU   7DUDIV×]ODU   <NVHNEXOPD\DQODU   +Lo\NVHNEXOPD\DQODU   723/$0  

(18)

.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL<DSDQ0DUNDODUD<|QHOLN 0HPQXQL\HW']H\LQLQ'HöHUOHQGLULOPHVL

$üDù×GDNL WDEORGD DQNHWH NDW×ODQODU×Q ·L EDüDU×O× NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL \DSP×ü RODQ PDUNDGDQ WDPDPHQ PHPQXQ LNHQ · PHPQXQGXU.DW×O×PF×ODU×Q·VLWDUDIV×]NDO×UNHQ·VLQLPHP- QXQROPD\DQODU·LQLLVHKLoPHPQXQROPD\DQODUROXüWXUPDNWD-G×U

7DEOR.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVLQL%DùDU×O×<DSDQ0DUNDQ×Q0HPQXQL\HW<|Q

*|UùOHU Frekans Yüzde

7DPDPHQPHPQXQRODQODU   0HPQXQRODQODU   7DUDIV×]ODU   0HPQXQROPD\DQODU   +LoPHPQXQROPD\DQODU   723/$0  

$üDù×GDNL WDEORGD DQNHWH NDW×ODQODU×Q ·VL EDüDU×V×] NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL\DSP×üRODQPDUNDGDQWDPDPHQPHPQXQLNHQ·VL PHPQXQGXU.DW×O×PF×ODU×Q·V×WDUDIV×]NDO×UNHQ·LQLPHP- QXQROPD\DQODU·VLQLLVHKLoPHPQXQROPD\DQODUROXüWXUPDNWD-G×U

7DEOR.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVLQL%DùDU×V×]<DSDQ0DUNDQ×Q0HPQXQL\HW<|Q

*|UùOHU Frekans Yüzde

7DPDPHQPHPQXQRODQODU   0HPQXQRODQODU   7DUDIV×]ODU   0HPQXQROPD\DQODU   +LoPHPQXQROPD\DQODU   723/$0  

(19)

.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL<DSDQ0DUNDODUD<|QHOLN %HöHQLOPH']H\LQLQ'HöHUOHQGLULOPHVL

7DEORGDDQNHWHNDW×ODQODU×Q·V×EDüDU×O×NDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVL \DSP×ü RODQ PDUND\× WDPDPHQ EHùHQPHNWHGLU &HYDSOD\DQODU×Q ·EHùHQLUNHQ·VLWDUDIV×]NDOPDNWDG×U.DW×ODQODU×Q·VL PDUND\×EHùHQPH]NHQ·VLLVHKLoEHùHQPHPHNWHGLU

7DEOR.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVLQL%DùDU×O×<DSDQ0DUNDQ×Q%HöHQLOPH<|Q

*|UùOHU Frekans Yüzde

7DPDPHQEHöHQHQOHU   %HöHQHQOHU   7DUDIV×]ODU   %HöHQPH\HQOHU   +LoEHöHQPH\HQOHU   723/$0   7DEORGDDQNHWHNDW×ODQODU×Q·XEDüDU×V×]NDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVL \DSP×ü RODQ PDUND\× WDPDPHQ EHùHQPHNWHGLU &HYDSOD\DQODU×Q ·VL EHùHQLUNHQ ·L WDUDIV×] NDOPDNWDG×U .DW×ODQODU×Q · PDUND\×EHùHQPH]NHQ·LLVHKLoEHùHQPHPHNWHGLU

7DEOR.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVLQL%DùDU×V×]<DSDQ0DUNDODU×Q%HöHQLOPH<|Q

*|UùOHU Frekans Yüzde

7DPDPHQEHöHQHQOHU   %HöHQHQOHU   7DUDIV×]ODU   %HöHQPH\HQOHU   +LoEHöHQPH\HQOHU   723/$0  

(20)

.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL<DSDQ0DUNDODUD<|QHOLN 'DYUDQ×ù']H\LQLQ'HöHUOHQGLULOPHVL

$üDù×GDNLWDEORGDEDüDU×O×NDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVL\DSP×üRODQPDU- ND\D\|QHOLNGDYUDQ×üG]H\LQLQGHùHUOHQGLULOPHVLQGHDQNHWHNDW×ODQ-ODU×Q ·LQLQ PDUND\× V×NO×NOD ·XQXQ ED]HQ VDW×Q DOG×NODU×Q× EHOLUWPLüOHUGLU.DW×ODQODU×Q·VLWDUDIV×]NHQ·XQDGLUHQVDW×Q DO×UNHQ·XLVHPDUND\×KLoVDW×QDOPDPDNWDG×U

7DEOR.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVLQL%DùDU×O×<DSDQ0DUND\D<|QHOLN'DYUDQ×ù<|Q

*|UùOHU Frekans Yüzde

6×NO×NODVDW×QDODQODU   %D]HQVDW×QDODQODU   7DUDIV×]ODU   1DGLUHQVDW×QDODQODQ   +LoVDW×QDOPD\DQODU   723/$0   

$üDù×GDNL WDEORGD EDüDU×V×] NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL \DSP×ü RODQ PDUND\D \|QHOLN GDYUDQ×ü G]H\LQLQ GHùHUOHQGLULOPHVL \HU DOPDNWD-G×U$QNHWHNDW×ODQODU×Q·XPDUND\×V×NO×NOD·VLED]HQVDW×Q DOG×NODU×Q× EHOLUWPLüOHUGLU .DW×ODQODU×Q ·X WDUDIV×] NDO×UNHQ ·VL PDUND\× QDGLUHQ VDW×Q DO×UNHQ ·L LVH PDUND\× KLo VDW×Q DOPDPDNWDG×U

7DEOR.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL%DùDU×V×]<DSDQ0DUND\D<|QHOLN'DYUDQ×ù<|Q

*|UùOHU Frekans Yüzde

6×NO×NODVDW×QDODQODU   %D]HQVDW×QDODQODU   7DUDIV×]ODU   1DGLUHQVDW×QDODQODQ   +LoVDW×QDOPD\DQODU   723/$0  

(21)

.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL<DSDQ0DUNDODUD<|QHOLN %DöO×O×N']H\LQLQ'HöHUOHQGLULOPHVL 7DEORGDEDüDU×O×NDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVL\DSP×üRODQPDUND\DWDPD- PHQEDùO×RODQODU×FHYDSOD\×F×ODU×Q·ROXüWXUXUNHQEDùO×RODQOD- U×LVH·ROXüWXUPDNWDG×U&HYDSOD\×F×ODU×Q·VLWDUDIV×]NDO×U- NHQ·XEDùO×ROPDG×ù×Q×·V×LVHKLoEDùO×ROPDG×ù×Q×EHOLUW-PLüWLU 7DEOR.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVLQL%DùDU×O×<DSDQ0DUNDQ×Q%DöO×O×N<|Q

*|UùOHU Frekans Yüzde

7DPDPHQEDöO×RODQODU   %DöO×RODQODU   7DUDIV×]ODU   %DöO×ROPD\DQODU   +LoEDöO×ROPD\DQODU   723/$0  

$üDù×GDNL WDEORGD EDüDU×V×] NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL \DSP×ü RODQ PDUND\DWDPDPHQEDùO×RODQODU×FHYDSOD\×F×ODU×Q·VLROXüWXUPDN-WD\NHQ EDùO× RODQODU× LVH · ROXüWXUPDNWDG×U &HYDSOD\×F×ODU×Q ·VL WDUDIV×] NDO×UNHQ ·VL EDùO× ROPDG×ù×Q× ·L LVH KLo EDùO×ROPDG×ù×Q×EHOLUWPLüWLU

7DEOR.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVLQL%DùDU×V×]<DSDQ0DUNDODU×Q%DöO×O×N<|Q

*|UùOHU Frekans Yüzde

7DPDPHQEDöO×RODQODU   %DöO×RODQODU   7DUDIV×]ODU   %DöO×ROPD\DQODU   +LoEDöO×ROPD\DQODU   723/$0  

(22)

.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL2ODQ0DUNDODUD<|QHOLN 7XWXPODU×Q$QDOL]L

$UDüW×UPD\D NDW×ODQODU×Q ·V× NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQL EDüDU×O× \DSP×üRODQPDUND\DV×NO×NODROXPWXWXPVHUJLOHUNHQ·XROXPOX WXWXPVHUJLOHPHNWHGLU&HYDSOD\×F×ODU×Q·VLWDUDIV×]WXWXPVHUJL-OHUNHQ ·VL QDGLUHQ ROXPOX ·V× LVH ROXPOX ROPD\DQ ELU WXWXPVHUJLOHPHNWHGLU

7DEOR.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL%DùDU×O×8\JXOD\DQ0DUND\D<|QHOLN7XWXPODU Tutukm düzeyi Frekans Yüzde

6×NO×NODROXPOX   2OXPOX   7DUDIV×]   1DGLUHQROXPOX   2OXPOXROPD\DQ   723/$0   $UDüW×UPD\DNDW×ODQODU×Q·VLNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQLEDüDU×V×] \DSP×üRODQPDUND\DV×NO×NODROXPWXWXPVHUJLOHUNHQ·LROXPOX WXWXPVHUJLOHPHNWHGLU&HYDSOD\×F×ODU×Q·WDUDIV×]WXWXPVHUJL-OHUNHQ·VLQDGLUHQROXPOX·LLVHROXPOXROPD\DQELUWXWXP VHUJLOHPHNWHGLU 7DEOR.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL%DùDU×V×]8\JXOD\DQ0DUND\D<|QHOLN7XWXPODU Tutukm düzeyi Frekans Yüzde

6×NO×NODROXPOX   2OXPOX   7DUDIV×]   1DGLUHQROXPOX   2OXPOXROPD\DQ   723/$0  

(23)

)DUNO×'HöLùNHQOHU$UDV×QGDNL÷OLùNLOHULQ'HöHUOHQGLULOPHVL %DüDU×O×NDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQH\|QHOLNPHPQXQL\HWEHùHQLEDù-O×O×N WXWXP YH GDYUDQ×ü LOH PDUND\D \|QHOLN PHPQXQL\HW EHùHQL EDùO×O×N WXWXP YH GDYUDQ×ü GHùLüNHQOHUL DUDV×QGD NRUHODV\RQ ROXS ROPDG×ù×Q×EHOLUOHPHDPDF×LOHX\JXODQDQ6SHDUPDQ.RUHODV\RQ$QD-OL]L X\JXODQP×üW×U $UDüW×UPDQ×Q VRQXFXQGD HOGH HGLOHQ EXOJXODUD J|UH NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQGHQ GX\XODQ PHPQXQL\HW LOH PDUND\D RODQEDùO×O×NYHGDYUDQ×üDUDV×QGDNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQLEHùHQPHLOH PDUND\D\|QHOLNEDùO×O×NYHGDYUDQ×üDUDV×QGDNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQH RODQEDùO×O×NLOHPDUNDGDQPHPQXQROPDYHPDUND\×EHùHQPHDUDV×Q- GDNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQHRODQWXWXPLOHPDUND\DRODQEDùO×O×NDUD-V×QGD YH NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQGH J|VWHULOHQ GDYUDQ×ü LOH PDUNDGDQ GX\XODQPHPQXQL\HWPDUND\DNDUü×EDùO×O×NYHWXWXPDUDV×QGD\N- VHNGHUHFHGHSR]LWLINRUHODV\RQEXOXQXUNHQGLùHUGHùLüNHQOHUDUDV×Q- GDGDGLùHUOHULQHQD]DUDQGüNRODQSR]LWLINRUHODV\RQ\HUDOPDNWD-G×U6SHDUPDQ.RUHODV\RQ$QDOL]LVRQXFXQGDHOGHHGLOHQEXOJXODU+ ++++YH+·\×GRùUXODUQLWHOLNWHGLU 7DEOR%DùDU×O×.DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL<DSP×ù2ODQ0DUNDLOH'HöLùNHQOHU$UDV×QGDNL ÷OLùNLOHU Marka

Kategori 0HPQXQL\HW %HöHQPH %DöO×O×N 7XWXP 'DYUDQ×ù 0HPQXQL\HW      %HöHQPH      %DöO×O×N      7XWXP      'DYUDQ×ù      ´7PNRUHODV\RQNDWVD\×ODU×LVWDWLVWLNVHORODUDNDQODPO×G×U S µ

%DüDU×V×] NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQH \|QHOLN PHPQXQL\HW EHùHQL EDùO×O×NWXWXPYHGDYUDQ×üLOHPDUND\D\|QHOLNPHPQXQL\HWEHùHQL EDùO×O×N WXWXP YH GDYUDQ×ü GHùLüNHQOHUL DUDV×QGD NRUHODV\RQ ROXS ROPDG×ù×Q×EHOLUOHPHDPDF×LOHX\JXODQDQ6SHDUPDQ.RUHODV\RQ$QD-OL]L X\JXODQP×üW×U $UDüW×UPDQ×Q VRQXFXQGD HOGH HGLOHQ EXOJXODUD

(24)

J|UH NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQGHQ GX\XODQ PHPQXQL\HW LOH PDUND\D RODQ EHùHQPH YH WXWXP DUDV×QGD NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQL EHùHQPH LOH PDUND\D \|QHOLN PHPQXQL\HW EDùO×O×N YH GDYUDQ×ü DUDV×QGD NDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQHRODQEDùO×O×NLOHPDUND\D\|QHOLNPHPQXQL-\HW EHùHQPH YH GDYUDQ×ü DUDV×QGD NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQH RODQ WXWXP LOH PDUND\D RODQ EDùO×O×N YH GDYUDQ×ü DUDV×QGD YH NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQGHJ|VWHULOHQGDYUDQ×üLOHPDUNDGDQGX\XODQPHPQX-QL\HW PDUND\D NDUü× EHùHQPH EDùO×O×N YH WXWXP DUDV×QGD \NVHN GHUHFHGHSR]LWLINRUHODV\RQEXOXQXUNHQGLùHUGHùLüNHQOHUDUDV×QGD GDGLùHUOHULQHQD]DUDQGüNRODQSR]LWLINRUHODV\RQ\HUDOPDNWD-G×U 6SHDUPDQ .RUHODV\RQ$QDOL]L VRQXFXQGD HOGH HGLOHQ EXOJXODU +++++YH+·\×GRùUXODUQLWHOLNWHGLU

7DEOR%DùDU×V×].DWHJRUL*HQLùOHPHVL<DSP×ù2ODQ0DUNDLOH'HöLùNHQOHU $UDV×QGDNL÷OLùNLOHU

Marka

Kategori 0HPQXQL\HW %HöHQPH %DöO×O×N 7XWXP 'DYUDQ×ù 0HPQXQL\HW      %HöHQPH      %DöO×O×N      7XWXP      'DYUDQ×ù      ´7PNRUHODV\RQNDWVD\×ODU×LVWDWLVWLNVHORODUDNDQODPO×G×U S µ

%XOJXODU×Q'HöHUOHQGLULOPHVL

)DUNO× UQ JUXSODU×QGD D\Q× PDUND DG×Q×Q NXOODQ×OPDV×Q×Q GLùHUELUGH\LüOHNDWHJRULJHQLüOHWPHQLQPDUNDVDGDNDWLROXüWXUPD- GDWNHWLFLOHU]HULQGHNLHWNLVLQLIDUNO×ER\XWODU×LOHVDSWDPD\×DPDo-OD\DQDUDüW×UPDGDWNHWLFLQLQNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQLEHùHQPHVLLOH PDUND VDGDNDWL WNHWLFLQLQ NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQGHQ PHPQXQ ROPDV× LOH PDUND VDGDNDWL WNHWLFLQLQ NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL \DSDQ

(25)

PDUND\DGDYUDQ×ü×LOHPDUNDVDGDNDWLWNHWLFLQLQNDWHJRULJHQLüOH-PHVLQH EDùO×O×ù× LOH PDUND VDGDNDWL WNHWLFLQLQ NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL \DSDQPDUND\DLOLüNLQGHùLüWLUPHPDOL\HWLJ|UüLOHPDUNDVDGDNDWL WNHWLFLQLQNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQH\|QHOLNWXWXPXLOHPDUNDVDGDNDWL DUDV×QGDDQODPO×ELULOLüNLROXSROPDG×ù×LQFHOHQPLüWLU

%DüDU×O×NDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQH\|QHOLNPHPQXQL\HWEHùHQLEDù-O×O×N WXWXP YH GDYUDQ×ü LOH PDUND\D \|QHOLN PHPQXQL\HW EHùHQL EDùO×O×N WXWXP YH GDYUDQ×ü GHùLüNHQOHUL DUDV×QGD NRUHODV\RQ ROXS ROPDG×ù×Q×EHOLUOHPHDPDF×LOHX\JXODQDQ6SHDUPDQ.RUHODV\RQ$QD-OL]L VRQXFXQGD HOGH HGLOHQ EXOJXODUD J|UH NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQGHQ GX\XODQPHPQXQL\HWLOHPDUND\DRODQEDùO×O×NYHGDYUDQ×üDUDV×QGD NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQH RODQ EDùO×O×N LOH PDUNDGDQ PHPQXQ ROPD YH PDUND\× EHùHQPH DUDV×QGD NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQH RODQ WXWXP LOH PDUND\D RODQ EDùO×O×N DUDV×QGD  NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQGH J|VWHULOHQ GDYUDQ×ü LOH PDUNDGDQ GX\XODQ PHPQXQL\HW PDUND\D NDUü× EDùO×O×N YH WXWXP DUDV×QGD \NVHN GHUHFHGH SR]LWLI NRUHODV\RQ EXOXQXUNHQ GLùHUGHùLüNHQOHUDUDV×QGDGDGLùHUOHULQHQD]DUDQGüNRODQSR]LWLI NRUHODV\RQ\HUDOPDNWDG×U(OGHHGLOHQEXOJXODUNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPH- VLQLQPDUNDVDGDNDWLQLQ|OoWOHULRODQPHPQXQL\HWLEDùO×O×ù×EHùHQL- \LGDYUDQ×ü×WXWXPXROXPOX\|QGHHWNLOHGLùLQLYHGHùLüWLUPHPDOL\H-WLQLQJ|]DUG×HGLOPHVLQHQHGHQROGXùXQXRUWD\DNR\PDNWDG×U

%DüDU×V×] NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQH \|QHOLN PHPQXQL\HW EHùHQL EDùO×O×NWXWXPYHGDYUDQ×üLOHPDUND\D\|QHOLNPHPQXQL\HWEHùHQL EDùO×O×N WXWXP YH GDYUDQ×ü GHùLüNHQOHUL DUDV×QGD NRUHODV\RQ ROXS ROPDG×ù×Q×EHOLUOHPHDPDF×LOHX\JXODQDQ6SHDUPDQ.RUHODV\RQ$QD- OL]LVRQXFXQGDHOGHHGLOHQEXOJXODUDJ|UHLVHNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQ- GHQGX\XODQPHPQXQL\HWLOHPDUND\DRODQEHùHQPHYHWXWXPDUDV×Q-GDNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQLEHùHQPHLOHPDUND\D\|QHOLNPHPQXQL\HW EDùO×O×NYHGDYUDQ×üDUDV×QGDNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQHRODQEDùO×O×NLOH PDUND\D\|QHOLNPHPQXQL\HWEHùHQPHYHGDYUDQ×üDUDV×QGDNDWHJR-UL JHQLüOHPHVLQH RODQ WXWXP LOH PDUND\D RODQ EDùO×O×N YH GDYUDQ×ü DUDV×QGDYHNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQGHJ|VWHULOHQGDYUDQ×üLOHPDUNDGDQ GX\XODQPHPQXQL\HWPDUND\DNDUü×EHùHQPHEDùO×O×NYHWXWXPDUD- V×QGD\NVHNGHUHFHGHSR]LWLINRUHODV\RQEXOXQXUNHQGLùHUGHùLüNHQ-OHUDUDV×QGDGDGLùHUOHULQHQD]DUDQGüNRODQSR]LWLINRUHODV\RQ\HU

(26)

DOPDNWDG×U%XEXOJXODUNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQLEDüDU×V×]\DSDQPDU-ND\D\|QHOLNVDGDNDWLQoRNGüNG]H\GHROGXùXQXJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU

6RQXo

(VNLGHQEXOPDNWD]RUOXNoHNLOHQUQOHULQJQP]GHIDUNO×\D GDPXDGLONDOLWHYHIL\DWODUDIODUGD\HUOHULQLDOPDODU×LüOHWPHOHULoHWLQ ELUUHNDEHWRUWDP×QDVRNPDNWDG×U3D]DUGDYDURODELOPHNGHYDPO×O×ù×-Q× VUGUHELOPHN WHUFLKHGLOHELOLU ELU NRQXPDJHOHELOPHNLoLQEWQ LüOHWPHOHU KHU JHoHQ JQ PDUNDODPD oDO×üPDV×QD GDKD ID]OD |QHP YHUPH\HEDüODP×üODUG×U

%DüDU×O×PDUNDoDO×üPDODU×QDLP]DDWDUDNWNHWLFLQH]GLQGHEDüDU×-\D XODüP×ü YH VDGDNDWL \DNDODP×ü RODQ PDUNDODU \HQL ELU UQOHULQL SL\DVD\D VXQDFDNODU× ]DPDQ EDüWDQ \HQL ELU PDUND \DUDWDUDN ULVN DOPDN UQ WDQ×WPD YH WXWXQGXUPD oDO×üPDODU×QD E\N ILQDQVDO KDUFDPD \DSPDN YH ND]DQ×ODFDù× EHOOL ROPD\DQ PDUND VDGDNDWLQL \DUDWPD\DJHUHNHQE\N]DPDQND\E×Q×HQJHOOHPHNDG×QDJHQHOOLNOH UQKDWW×\DGDNDWHJRULPDUNDJHQLüOHPHoDO×üPDODU×QDJLWPH\ROXQX WHUFLKHWPHNWHGLUOHU

<HQL UQ YH PDUNDODU×Q EHQLPVHQPHOHULQGHNL ]RUOXNOD \NVHN PDOL\HWYH]DPDQVHEHELLOHLüOHWPHOHUWDUDI×QGDQoRNWHUFLKHGLOHQELU VWUDWHML RODQ PDUND JHQLüOHPHVL GDù×W×PD NROD\O×N VDùODPD DOJ×ODQDQ ULVNL D]DOWPD WDQ×W×PGD YHULPOLOLùL VDùODPD WDQ×W×P YH WXWXQGXUPD PDOL\HWLQLGüUPHPHYFXWLPDM×YHVDGDNDWLJoOHQGLUPHJLELELUoRN ROXPOXHWNL\LEQ\HVLQGHEDU×QG×U×UNHQEDüDU×V×]\DS×OG×ù×GXUXPODU-GDPHYFXWPDUND\×ROXPVX]\|QGHHWNLOHPHNWHGLU

2OXPOXYHROXPVX]oHüLWOLHWNLOHUHVDKLSRODQPDUNDJHQLüOHPHVL VWUDWHMLOHULQGHQ ELUL RODQ NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQLQ ]HULQH HWNL HWWLùL NDYUDPODUGDQ ELUL RODQ PDUND VDGDNDWLQLQ NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVL LOH LOLüNLVLQL |OoPH\H \|QHOLN \DS×ODQ EX oDO×üPDGD VDGDNDW ROXüXPXQD HWNLHGHQEHü|OoWNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLLOHLOLüNLOHQGLULOPLüWLU

<DS×ODQ DUDüW×UPD VRQXFXQGD NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQH GX\XODQ PHPQXQL\HWLOHPDUND\DRODQEDùO×O×NYHGDYUDQ×üDUDV×QGDNDWHJRUL

(27)

JHQLüOHPHVLQLEHùHQPHLOHPDUND\D\|QHOLNEDùO×O×NYHGDYUDQ×üDUD-V×QGD NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQH RODQ EDùO×O×N LOH PDUNDGDQ PHPQXQ ROPD YH PDUND\× EHùHQPH DUDV×QGD NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQH RODQ WXWXPLOHPDUND\DRODQEDùO×O×NDUDV×QGDYHNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVLQGH J|VWHULOHQ GDYUDQ×ü LOH PDUNDGDQ GX\XODQ PHPQXQL\HW PDUND\D NDUü×EDùO×O×NYHWXWXPDUDV×QGD\NVHNGHUHFHOLLOLüNLVDSWDQP×üW×U

úüOHWPHOHULQEDüDU×O×RODUDNJHUoHNOHüWLUGLùLNDWHJRULJHQLüOHPHVL-QHLOLüNLQPHPQXQL\HWEHùHQLEDùO×O×NWXWXPYHGDYUDQ×ü×QNDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQL JHUoHNOHüWLUPLü DQD PDUND\D \|QHOLN PHPQXQL\HW EHùHQLEDùO×O×NWXWXPYHGDYUDQ×ü×\NVHN|OoGHHWNLOHGLùLJ|]OHQ-PLüWLU

.DWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQLQ PDUND VDGDNDWL ]HULQGHNL UROQ J|U-PH\H \|QHOLN \DS×OP×ü RODQ EX DUDüW×UPDGD PDUNDQ×Q PHYFXW UQ NDWHJRULVLQLQ\HQLNDWHJRULOHUHJHQLüOHPH\DS×OPDV×RODUDNLIDGHHGLOH-ELOHQ NDWHJRUL JHQLüOHPHVLQLQ EDüDU×O× \DSDQ LüOHWPHOHULQ PHYFXW PDUNDVDGDNDWOHULQLROXPOX\|QGHHWNLOH\HUHNJoOHQGLUPHNWHEDüDU×- V×]\DSDQLüOHWPHOHULQLVHPHYFXWPDUNDVDGDNDWLQH]DUDUYHUHELOPHN-WHYHPHYFXWPüWHULVLQLGHND\EHWPHULVNLQH\RODoW×ù×J|UOPHNWHGLU .D\QDNoD $DNHU'$YH./.HOOHU  ´&RQVXPHU(YDOXDWLRQVRI%UDQG([WHQVLRQVµ -RXUQDORI0DUNHWLQJ

$DNHU'$  Managing Brand Equit\1<)UHH3UHVV

$OLPHQ1YH$*&HULW  ´'LPHQVLRQVRI%UDQG.QRZOHGJH7XUNLVK 8QLYHUVLW\6WXGHQWV·&RQVXPSWLRQRI,QWHUQDWLRQDO)DVKLRQ%UDQGVµ-RXUQDORI (QWHUSULFH,QIRUPDWLRQ0DQDJHPHQW   $PEOHU7YH&6W\OHV  ´%UDQG'HYHORSPHQW9HUVXV1HZ3URGXFW 'HYHORSPHQW7RZDUGD3URFHVV0RGHORI([WHQVLRQ'HFLVLRQVµ-RXUQDORI 3URGXFW %UDQG0DQDJHPHQW   %DEU7RVXQ1  úOHWLüLP7HPHOOL0DUND<|QHWLPL%DV×PúVWDQEXO%HWD <D\×QODU×

(28)

%RZHQ-YH&KHQ6/  ¶7KH5HODWLRQVKLS%HWZHHQ&XVWRPHU/R\DOW\DQG &XVWRPHU6DWLVIDFWLRQµ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI&RPWHPSRUDU\+RVSLWDOLW\ 0DQDJHPHQW   &KDQJ<+YH&KHQ)<  ´5HODWLRQDO%HQHILWV6ZLWKLQJ%DUULHUVDQG/R\DOW\ $6WXG\RI$LUOLQH&XVWRPHUVLQ7DLZDQµ-RXUQDORI$LU7UDQVSRUW0DQDJHPHQW    &KHQ.-YH&0/LX  ´%UDQG([WHQVLRQ7ULDODQG&KRLFHRI3DUHQW%UDQGµ -RXUQDORI3URGXFW %UDQG0DQDJHPHQW   &\U'+DVVDQHLQ.+HDG0YH,YDQRY$  ´7KH5ROHRI6RFLDO3UHVHQFHLQ (VWDEOLVKLQJ/R\DOW\LQ(6HUYLYH(QYLURQPHQWVµ,QWHUDFWLQJ:LWK&RPSXWHUV    *HJH](  3D]DUODPD$UDüW×UPDODU×%DV×PúVWDQEXO%HWD%DV×P<D\×Q'Dù×W×P *RXQDULV6YH6WDWKDNRSRXORV9  ´$QWHFHGHQWVDQG&RQVHTXHQFHVRI%UDQG /R\DOW\(PSLULFDO6WXG\µ-RXUQDORI%UDQG0DQDJHPHQW   *ULPH,$'LDPDQWRSRXORVYH*6PLWK  ´&RQVXPHU(YDOXDWLRQVRI ([WHQVLRQVDQG7KHLU(IIHFWVRQ7KH&RUH%UDQGµ(XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI0DUNHWLQJ    +D&/  ´7KH7KHRU\RI5HDVRQHG$FWLRQ$SSOLHGWR%UDQG/R\DOW\µ-RXUQDORI 3URGXFW %UDQG0DQDJHPHQW   +HP/(YH,YHUVHQ10  ´7UDQVIHURI%UDQG(TXLW\LQ%UDQG([WHQVLRQV 7KH,PSRUWDQFHRI%UDQG/R\DOW\µ$GYDQFHVLQ&RQVXPHU5HVHDFK +ROODQG-YH%DNHU60  ´&XVWRPHU3DUWLFLSDWLRQLQ&UHDWLQJ6LWH%UDQG /R\DOW\µ-RXUQDORI,QWHUDFWLYH0DUNHWLQJ   -DFRE\-YH&KHVQXW5:  %UDQGOR\DOW\0HDVXUHPHQWDQG0DQDJHPHQW 1<-RKQDQG:LOOH\6RQ .Dù×Wo×EDü×d  *QP]GHúQVDQYHúQVDQODUúVWDQEXO(YULP<D\×QHYL .HOOHU./  6WUDWHJLF%UDQG0DQDJHPHQW%XLOGLQJ0HDVXULQJDQG0DQDJLQJ %UDQG(TXLW\%DV×P1HZ-HUVH\3HDUVRQ .LP0.3DUN0&YH-HRQJ'+  ´7KH(IIHFWVRI&XVWRPHU6DWLVIDFWLRQ DQG6ZLWKFKLQJ%DUULHURQ&XVWRPHU/R\DOW\LQ.RUHDQ0RELOH 7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV6HUYLFHµ-RXUQDORI7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ3ROLF\   /LQGVWURP0  %UDQG6HQVH%XLOG3RZHUIXO%UDQGVWKURXJK7RXFK7DVWH6PHOO 6LJKWDQG6RXQG1HZ<RUN)UHH3UHVV

(29)

0DF,QQLV'-.1DNDPRWRYH*0DQL  ´&RJQLWLYH$VVRFLDWLRQVDQG3URGXFW &DWHJRU\&RPSDULVRQV7KH5ROHRI.QRZOHGJH6WUXFWXUHDQG&RQWH[Wµ $GYDQFHVLQ&RQVXPHU5HVHDUFK 3LWWD'$YH/3.DWVDQLV  ´8QGHUVWDQGLQJ%UDQG(TXLW\IRU6XFFHVVIXO%UDQG ([WHQVLRQµ-RXUQDORI&RQVXPHU0DUNHWLQJ   5LHV$5LHV/  0DUND<DUDWPDQ×Q.XUDO×dHY$g]GHPLUúVWDQEXO 0HGLD&DW 6KHWK-0LWWDO%YH1HZPDQ%  &XVWRPHU%HKDYLRXUDQG%H\RQG)RUWK:RUWK 'U\GHQ3UHVV 6FKXOW]'(YH%DUQHV%(  6WUDWHMLF%UDQG&RPPXQLFDWLRQV&DPSDLJQV17& %XVLQHVV%RRN 7HSHFL0  ´,QFUHDVLQJ%UDQG/R\DOW\LQWKH+RVSLWDOLW\,QGXVWU\µ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDORI&RQWHPSRUDU\+RVSLWDOLW\   7KLHOH65YH%HQQHWW5  ´$%UDQGIRU$OO6HDVRQV"$'LVFXVVLRQRI%UDQG /R\DOW\$SSURDFKHVDQG7KHLU$SSOLFDELOLW\IRU'LIIHUHQW0DUNHWVµ-RXUQDORI 3URGXFW %UDQG0DQDJHPHQW   7URWW3  ,QQRYDWLRQ0DQDJHPHQWDQG1HZ3URGXFW'HYHORSPHQW%DV×PúQJLOWHUH 3UHQWLFH+DOO 8QFOHV0''RZOLQ*5+DPPRQG.  ´&XVWRPHU/R\DOW\DQG&XVWRPHU /R\DOW\3URJUDPVµ-RXUQDORI&RQVXPHU0DUNHWLQJ  

Referanslar

Benzer Belgeler

Ecel eli kamu aybung açasın. -dur yardımcı fiil ile -ası diğer partisipler gibi predikatif kullanılır, mes. -arar için, misaller, Ferh. 747: ne akıl olısar odı bırakmak.

LV. Belediyeler Be İl Özel İdarelerinin Özel Mal Niteli~indeki Gayrimenkulleri Ü'ı~~'inde Tesis Edilmiş ıpote~in Paraya Çevrilmesinde Ortaya Çıkabilecek Sorunların

Giriş kısmında anlatıldığı gibi F sınıfı kuvvetlendiricilerde ideal durumda bütün çift harmonikler kısa devre olacak şekilde, tek harmonikler de açık

Aşağıdaki algoritma yukarıdaki teoremle alakalı olarak, elemanları; x ile y tamsayıları arasındaki tamsayılardan oluşan, değişmeli genelleştirilmiş involutif

Daha önce gestasyonel diyabet öyküsü olan ve gebelik öncesinde glukoz intoleransı olan kadınlarda teste karşı pozitif tutum sıklığı daha yüksektir.. Beden kütle

Içduygu Ahmet, International Migration and Turkey, 2002: “The Country Report for Turkey For the Continuous Reporting System on Migration (SOPEMI) of the Organisation for

Three different filter structures having almost the same filter performances are designed and their undesired EM emissions are simulated and compared using MGL-EMC virtual tool..

After fixing the auxiliary parameters, namely the continuum threshold and Borel parameter for both the spin-3/2 and spin-5/2 states as well as the mixing parameter in spin- 5/2