Dr. Güvenç GÖRGÜLÜ İSKELET VE KAS SİSTEMİ
Median yada
mid-sagittal Sagittal yada
paramedian Koronal yada
frontal Transvers yada yatay
Anatomik Terimler: düzlemler
Anatomik Terimler:Lokasyon(Konumlandırma) 1. Kranial - kafaya doğru
2. Kaudal – ayaklara doğru 3. Medial – ortaya doğru
4. Lateral – kenardan yada kenara doğru 5. Proksimal – ekstremitelerin (kol ve
bacaklar) bağlantı yerlerine doğru
6. Distal – ekstermeitelerde parmaklara doğru 7. Süperior - yukarı
8. İnferior - aşağı
9. Anterior – önden / öne doğru
10. Posterior – arkadan / arkaya doğru 11. Periferal – yüzeye doğru
12. Palmer – avuç içi / içine doğru
13. Plantar – ayak taban içi / içine doğru
1. Lateral rotasyon 2. medial rotasyon 3. Supinasyon
4. Pronasyon
5. Eversiyon
6. İnversiyon
7. Adduksiyon
8. Abduksiyon
1. Kafatası 2. Mandibula 3. Hiyoid Kemik 4. Servikal Omurlar 5. Klavikula
6. Sternum
7. Kostal Kıkırdak 8. Kosta (Kaburga) 9. Skapula
10. Humerus 11. Radius 12. Ulna
13. Karpal Kemikler
14. Metakarpal Kemikler 15. El parmak kemikleri 16. Göğüs omurları
17. Bel Omurları 18. Sakrum
19. Os Koksa (İleum-İschium-Pubis) 20. Femur
21. Patella 22. Tibia 23. Fibula
24. Tarsal Kemikler
25. Metatarsal Kemikler 26. Ayak parmak kemikleri
1. Frontal Kemik
2. Supra-Orbital Foramen 3. Orbit (Orbital Boşluk) 4. Superior Orbital Yarık 5. Inferior Orbital Yarık 6. Zygomatic Kemik
7. Infra-Orbital Açıklık 8. Maksilla
9. Mandibula 10. Mental Açıklık 11. Insisif Çukur 12. Simfisis
13. Vomer
14. Inferior Nazal Boynuzcuk 15. Orta Nazal Boynuzcuk 16. Etmoid Kemik
17. Nazal Kemik 18. Lakrimal Kemik
Kafatası Önden Görünüş
1. Parietal Kemik 2. Koronal Sutur 3. Frontal Kemik 4. Nasal Kemik 5. Vomer
6. Lacrimal Kemik
7. Ethmoid (orbital kısmı) 8. Zigomatic Kemik
9. Maksilla
10. Mandibulanın gövdesi 11. Mandibular Ramus 12. Koronoid Uzantı 13. Mandibular Kondil 14. Mental Açıklık 15. Stiloid Uzantı
16. Eksternal Acoustic Meatus 17. Mastoid Uzantı
18. Zigomatik Uzantı 19. Temporal Kemik
20. Greater Wing of Sfenoid 21. Inferior Temporal Çizgi 22. Superior Temporal Çizgi 23. Skuamozal Sutur
24. Lambdoidal Sutur 25. Oksipital Kemik
Lateral (Yandan) Görünüş
1. Parietal Kemik
2. Sagital Sutur 3. Lambdoid Sutur 4. Oksipital Kemik
5. Eksternal Oksipital Protruberans
6. Superior Nuchal Line 7. Inferior Nuchal Line
Arka/Üstten Görünüş
1. Oksipital Kemik 2. Lambdoidal Sütür 3. Parietal Kemik
4. Sagittal Sütür 5. Koronal Sütür 6. Frontal Kemik
Üstten Görünüş
1. Anterior Palatine Foramen 2. Palatine Process of Maxilla 3. Palatine (Damak)
4. Greater Palatine Foramen 5. Lesser Palatine Foramen
6. Pterygoid Processes of Sphenoid 7. Zygomatic Process (Uzantı)
8. Squamous Part of Temporal Bone 9. Mandibular Fossa
10. Styloid Process
11. Stylomastoid Foramen 12. Mastoid Process
13. Mastoid Foramen 14. Superior Nuchal Line
15. External Occipital Protruberance 16. Median Nuchal Line
17. Inferior Nuchal Line
18. Foramen Magnum (Büyük Açıklık) 19. Condyloid Canal
20. Occipital Condyle 21. Hypoglossal Canal 22. Jugular Foramen
23. Karotid Kanal (Beyin atardamarı için) 24. Foramen Spinosum
25. Foramen Ovale 26. Foramen Lacerum 27. Vomer
28. Transverse Palatine Suture 29. Median Palatine Suture
Kafatası (alttan)
Fetal Skull
1. Future Coronal Suture 2. Anterior Fontanel
3. Anterolateral Fontanel 4. Future Squamosal Suture 5. Posterolateral Fontanel 6. Future Lamdoidal Suture 7. External Acoustic Meatus 8. Future Sagittal Suture 9. Posterior Fontanel
1. Mandibular Condyle 2. Mandibular Notch 3. Coronoid Process 4. Ramus
5. Angle
6. Oblique Line 7. Body
8. Alveolar Process 9. Mental Foramen 10. Mylohyoid Line 11. Mandibular Foramen
Mandibula
OMURGA (ÖNDEN GÖRÜNÜM)
OMURGA (Profilden:Yandan)
Cervical (Boyun) omurlar
Thoracic (Göğüs) omurlar
Lumbar (Bel) omurlar
Sacral (Sağrı) omurlar
Coccyx (Kuyruk sokumu) omurlar
OMURİLİK
GÖĞÜS KAFESİ
EKLEMLER
EL KEMİKLERİ
AYAK KEMİKLERİ
AYAK (Plantar)
1. Superior Articular Surface 2. Transverse Foramen 3. Transverse Process 4. Odontoid (Dens) Facet 5. Vertebral Foramen
6. Inferior Articular Surface
Atlas
1. Spinous Process 2. Lamina
3. Transverse Process 4. Pedicle
5. Superior Articular Surface 6. Odontoid Process (Dens) 7. Body
8. Vertebral Foramen
9. Inferior Articular Surface
Axis
1. Spinous Process 2. Lamina
3. Superior Articular Surface 4. Transverse Foramen
5. Transverse Process 6. Body
7. Pedicle
8. Vertebral Foramen
Cervical (C3 - C7)
1. Spinous Process 2. Lamina
3. Superior Articular Surface 4. Transverse Process 5. Pedicle
6. Body
7. Vertebral Foramen 8. Articular Facet for Rib 9. Inferior Articular Surface
Thoracic
1. Spinous Process 2. Lamina
3. Superior Articular Surface 4. Transverse Process 5. Pedicle
6. Body
7. Vertebral Foramen 8. Inferior Articular Surface
Lumbar
1. Promontory
2. Transverse Ridges 3. Coccyx
4. Body of Sacrum 5. Sacral Canal
6. Superior Articular Surface 7. Median Sacral Crest
8. Sacrum to Ilium Articular Surface
9. Dorsal Sacral Foramina 10. Sacral Hiatus
Sacrum
Rib & Vertebra Articulated
Rib 1. Articular Facet of Rib
2. Interarticular Crest 3. Neck
4. Articular Portion of Tubercle
5. Nonarticular Portion of Tubercle 6. Angle of Rib
7. Costal Groove 8. Body of Rib
9. Articular Facet of Transverse Process
10. Transverse Process 11. Spinous Process 12. Lamina
13. Vertebral Foramen
1. Jugular Notch 2. Manubrium 3. Sternal Angle 4. Body (Gladiolus) 5. Xiphoid Process Sternum
Left Scapula (Posterior Aspect)
1. Coracoid Process 2. Scapular Notch 3. Superior Margin
4. Supraspinatus Fossa 5. Superior Angle
6. Scapular Spine 7. Vertebral Margin 8. Infraspinatus Fossa 9. Inferior Angle
10
. Axillary Margin
11. Glenoid Cavity Margin
12. Acromion Process
Right Humerus - Proximal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Head
2. Anatomical Neck 3. Lesser Tubercle 4. Intertubercular Groove 5. Greater Tubercle 6. Surgical Neck
7. Deltoid Tuberosity
Right Humerus - Distal End (Anterior & Posterior Aspects)
1. Radial Fossa
2. Lateral Epicondyle 3. Capitulum
4. Trochlea
5. Medial Epicondyle 6. Coronoid Fossa 7. Olecranon Fossa
1. Olecranon Process 2. Semilunar Notch 3. Coronoid Process 4. Tuberosity
5. Radial Notch 6. Ulna (Shaft) 7. Head of Ulna 8. Styloid Process Right Ulna - Proximal & Distal End (Anterior Aspect)
Right Radius - Proximal & Distal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Head of Radius 2. Neck of Radius 3. Radial Tuberosity 4. Radius (Shaft) 5. Styloid Process 6. Ulnar Notch
Bones of the Right Hand (Dorsal Surface)
1. Styloid Process of Radius 2. Navicular (Scaphoid) 3. Lunate
4. Triquetral 5. Pisiform 6. Trapezium 7. Trapezoid 8. Capitate 9. Hamate 10. Metacarpal
11
. Proximal Phalange 12. Middle Phalange
13. Distal Phalange
14
. Styloid Process of Ulna
Left Os Coxa (Lateral Aspect) 1. Anterior Superior Spine 2. Iliac Crest
3. Posterior Superior Spine 4. Posterior Inferior Spine 5. Greater Sciatic Notch 6. Body of Ilium
7. Ischial Spine
8. Lesser Sciatic Notch 9. Body of Ischium 10. Ischial Tuberosity
11
. Obturator Foramen 12. Inferior Ramus of
Ischium
13. Inferior Ramus of Pubis
14
. Body of Pubis 15. Acetabulum
16
. Anterior Inferior Spine
Left Femur - Proximal End (Anterior & Posterior Aspects)
1. Head 2. Neck
3. Greater Trochanter 4. Intertrochanteric Line 5. Lesser Trochanter 6. Shaft of Femur 7. Gluteal Tuberosity 8. Intertrochanteric Crest 9. Linea Aspera
Left Femur - Distal End (Anterior & Posterior Aspects)
1. Medial Condyle 2. Lateral Condyle 3. Intercondylar Fossa
Left Tibia - Proximal & Distal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Intercondylar Eminence 2. Lateral Condyle
3. Tibial Tuberosity 4. Anterior Crest 5. Medial Condyle 6. Anterior Surface 7. Medial Malleolus
Left Fibula - Proximal & Distal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Head of Fibula 2. Neck of Fibula 3. Anterior Crest 4. Lateral Malleolus
Bones of the Left Foot (Lateral Aspect)
1. Calcaneus (Topuk) 2. Talus
3. Navicular 4. Cuboid
5. Cuneiform, First 6. Cuneiform, Second 7. Cuneiform, Third 8. Metatarsal
Knee - Anterior & Posterior Aspects 1. Tibial Collateral Ligament 2. Medial Condyle of Femur 3. Posterior Cruciate Ligament 4. Anterior Cruciate Ligament 5. Lateral Condyle of Femur 6. Fibular Collateral Ligament 7. Lateral Condyle of Tibia 8. Lateral Meniscus
9. Medial Meniscus 10
. Medial Condyle of Tibia 11. Tibia
12. Fibula
13
. Transverse Ligament
Anterior kaslar
Brakioradialis Serratus
Soleus
Anterior tibialis Trapezius
Eksternal oblique
Posterior kaslar
Biceps
Aşil tendon
KAS ÇEŞİTLERİ
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle