規律運動訓練對停經後婦女心肺耐力、更年期困擾症狀、生活品質、及 骨質密度影響之探討
雖然規律運動對停經後婦女有許多的好處，而國外也有許多針對停經後婦女運動的相關研究，但國 內針對停經後婦女運動之相關研究仍十分匱乏，因此本研究目的在探討八週不同運動型態對停經後 婦女的心肺耐力、更年期困擾症狀、生活品質、及骨質密度的影響。本研究為類實驗性研究，以北 部兩所教學醫院之志工團體中的停經後婦女為研究對象，採立意取樣，所有個案 60 人將分為三組
，有兩組為實驗組採隨機分配分別為耐力運動訓練組、耐力加肌力運動訓練組、及一組控制組（不 給任何運動訓練），每一組各 20 人。耐力運動訓練使用跑步機訓練八週、每週三次，運動強度為 最大攝氧量的 60-80﹪ ；肌力運動訓練為五種不同的運動重複 8-12 次。結果以三分鐘登階測驗及最 大工作負荷測量心肺耐力、以更年期症狀困擾量表測量更年期困擾症狀、以 SF-36 測量生活品質、
及以超音波骨密儀測量跟骨骨質密度，分別於規律運動訓練前及規律運動訓練八週後各收集一次資 料。本研究依據研究目的以 SPSS for window 11.0 電腦統計套裝軟體進行資料處理及分析，統計方 法依研究目的及變項的性質，描述性統計以次數分配、百分比、平均值、標準差、序位等呈現。推 論統計，採配對 t- 檢定、單因子變異數分析、卡方檢定等統計方法進行檢定各變項間的差異。
研究結果發現：一、骨質密度在耐力組後測結果顯著優於前測，三組個案前後測差異值之比較，耐 力組顯著高於控制組。二、心肺耐力在耐力組及耐力加肌力組不論是三分鐘登階或是最大工作負荷 在後測結果皆顯著優於前測，三組個案前後測差異值之比較，在最大工作負荷上耐力組及耐力加肌 力組都顯著高於控制組，但是耐力組與耐力加肌力組則無顯著差異。三、更年期困擾症狀在耐力組 總得分及發生頻率在後測結果皆顯著優於前測；耐力加肌力組在總得分、發生頻率、及困擾嚴重度 後測結果皆顯著優於前測。三組個案前後測差異值之比較，在發生頻率方面耐力加肌力組顯著低於 控制組。四、生活品質在耐力組的生理功能層面、身體功能對角色扮演的影響、及身體疼痛後測結 果皆顯著優於前測；耐力加肌力組的生理功能層面、身體功能對角色扮演的影響、身體疼痛、一般 健康狀態、及精力方面後測結果皆顯著優於前測。三組個案前後測差異值之比較，在一般健康狀態 上耐力加肌力組顯著高於耐力組、而耐力組又顯著高於控制組。生活品質與更年期困擾症狀發生頻 率、及困擾嚴重度呈負相關。
綜合以上結果得知，經過八週規律運動訓練後可以有效改善停經後婦女的心肺耐力、更年期困擾症 狀、生活品質、及骨質密度。
The Effects of Regular Exercise Training on Functional Capacity, Symptoms of Menopause, Quality of Life, and Bone Mineral
Density Among Postmenopause Women
Although numerous laboratory-based studies have quantified the many health and fitness benefits associated with regular exercise training in foreign country postmenopausal women, more research is needed to firmly e stablish in our country postmenopausal women.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eight weeks regular exercise training on functional ca pacity, symptoms of menopause, quality of life, and bone mineral density among postmenopausal women. In this quasi-experimental study, subjects were obtained from 2 medical centers in the northern part of Taiwan by purposive sampling. Sixty postmenopausal women who met the selection criteria were recruited and assig ned into two experimental groups, the endurance exercise training group (n=20) and the endurance combined strength exercise training group (n=20), and the control group (n=20). Each group had twenty postmenopaus al women. The experimental groups were randomly assigned. The endurance exercise program was three tim es per week for 8 weeks by using treadmills. Exercise intensity was set at 60% to 80% VO2max for each sub ject. The strength program was consisted of one set of 8-12 repetitions of 5 different exercises. The outcome indicators included functional capacity, symptoms of menopause, bone mineral density, and quality of life. D ata were collected before and after the 8 weeks of exercise training. The data were analyzed by frequency, pe rcentage, mean, rang, paired t-test, one way ANOVA, and X2-test using SPSS Window 11.0 version statistic al software package.
The results found ：（ 1 ） In bone mineral density, the endurance exercise training group was significantly better than the control group. （ 2 ） In functional capacity, both the endurance exercise training group and combined endurance and strength exercise training group were significantly better than the control group.
（ 3 ） In the appearance frequency of menopause symptom, the combined endurance and strength exercise training group was significantly better than the control group. （ 4 ） In quality of life, the combined endura nce and strength exercise training group was significantly better than the endurance exercise training group t han the control group.
