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9- 順式視網酸對粒線體生合成影響 之研究

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9- 順式視網酸對粒線體生合成影響 之研究

已知粒線體影響生長發育並參予細胞凋亡過程,而對於粒線體生合成控制路徑的瞭解將有助於治療

因為粒線體缺陷及匱乏所造成的退化性疾病。本實驗之目的主要建立一個粒線體生合成的細胞模式

,探討及篩選影響粒線體生合成的營養素及其調控機轉。本實驗以濃度為 0.25 ~ 25 μM 的 9- 順式 視網酸( 9-cis retinoic acid, 9-cis RA )培養人類骨癌細胞株 143B TK -細胞( human osteosacroma 143B TK - cells ) 24 、 48 及 72 小時。之後,以 MTS 試劑偵測視網酸對細胞存活率之影響,並 使用光學顯微鏡觀察細胞形態之變化。利用 RT-PCR 及西方墨點法分別分析細胞中粒線體 mRNA 及蛋白質的表現量以評估粒線體生合成之狀況。結果發現,細胞存活率受 9-cis RA 處理濃度與時數 之不同而改變。例如:經 25 μM 的 9-cis RA 處理 24 小時,細胞存活率顯著高於控制組。 9-cis RA 不改變 143B TK -細胞的細胞型態。 9-cis RA 顯著地增加粒線體 DNA 轉錄的氧化磷酸化蛋白質 c ytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( COX I )、 cytochrome c oxidase subunit II ( COX II )、 cytochr ome c oxidase subunit III ( COX III )、 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 ( ND I )及 ATP synthase s ubunit 6 ( ATPase 6 )基因的 mRNA 表現量。例如:經 9-cis RA 處理 24 小時後, COX II 的 mRN A 表現量在溶劑組、 0.25 μM 組、 0.5 μM 組、 1 μM 組、 2 μM 組、 5 μM 組、 10 μM 組及 25 μM 組分別為控制組的 0.97 ± 0.09 、 1.78 ± 0.07 、 1.67 ± 0.09 、 1.68 ± 0.24 、 2.63 ± 0.30 、 2.05 ± 0.34

、 2.53 ± 0.39 及 2.76 ± 0.24 倍。同時, 9-cis RA 增加細胞核 DNA 轉譯的氧化磷酸化蛋白質 NAD H-ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit 9 ( NDUFA 9 )及 succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase ( SDH A )基因的 mRNA 表現量。另外, retinoid X receptor α ( RXRα )及 mitochondrial transcription fac tor A ( mtTFA )基因的 mRNA 表現量亦隨著 9-cis RA 濃度的增加而顯著地增加。至於在蛋白質 表現量部分, 9-cis RA 增加粒線體 DNA 轉譯的氧化磷酸化蛋白質 COX I 、 COX II 、 COX III 及細 胞核 DNA 轉譯的氧化磷酸化蛋白質 NDUFA9 及 SDHA 的表現量。例如:經 9-cis RA 處理 72 小時 後, COX III 的蛋白質表現量在溶劑組、 0.25 μM 組、 0.5μM 組、 1 μM 組、 2 μM 組、 5 μM 組、

10 μM 組及 25 μM 組分別為控制組的 0.81 ± 0.20 、 1.73 ± 0.50 、 1.71 ± 0.40 、 1.88 ± 0.64 、 1.95 ± 0.51 、 1.96 ± 0.56 、 1.71 ± 0.53 及 1.65 ± 0.42 倍。然而, 9-cis RA 在高濃度下卻降低了 RXRα 蛋 白質的表現量。實驗結果顯示, 9-cis RA 可能藉由活化細胞核接受器 RXRα 以及 mtTFA 的大量表 現,直接或間接地調控粒線體之生合成。

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The effects of 9-cis retinoic acid on mitochondrial biogenesis

In this study, the mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial DNA-encoded and nuclear DNA-encoded oxidative phosphorylat ion system subunits were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis to evaluate the effects of 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA) on mitochondrial biogenesis.

Various amounts of 9-cis RA (0.25~25 μM) were given to culture human osteosarcoma 143B TK - cells for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The MTS assay data showed that the concentration and the treatment time of 9-cis RA would affect the cell survival rat e. For examples, after giving 9-cis RA treatments for 24 hours, the cell survival rate in the 25 μM group was significantly high er than in the control group (p < 0.05). However, the cell morphology did not change after 72 hours of treatment. From RT-P CR analysis, the levels of mRNA expression of mitochondrial DNA-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX I), cytoch rome c oxidase subunit II (COX II), cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (COX III), NADH dehydro-

genase subunit 1(ND1), and ATP synthase subunit 6 (ATPase 6) were significantly increased by 9-cis RA. For instances, after giving 9-cis RA treatments for 24 hours, the mRNA levels of COX II in the vehicle, 0.25 μM, 0.5 μM, 1 μM, 2 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM and 25 μM groups were 0.97 ± 0.09, 1.78 ± 0.07, 1.67 ± 0.09, 1.68 ± 0.24, 2.63 ± 0.30, 2.05 ± 0.34, 2.53 ± 0.39 and 2.76

± 0.24 folds of the control group. Also, the levels of mRNA expression of nuclear DNA-encoded NADH-ubiquinone oxidored uctase subunit 9 (NDUFA 9) and succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SDHA) were increased by 9-cis RA. As the concentra tion of 9-cis RA increased, the levels of mRNA expression of the nuclear DNA-encoded retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) and mi tochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) were significantly increased.

Western blot data revealed that the levels of protein expression of mitochondrial DNA-encoded COX I, COX II and COX III , and nuclear DNA-encoded NDUFA 9 and SDHA were increased by 9-cis RA. For instances, after giving 9-cis RA treatments for 72 hours, the levels of protein expression of COX IIIin the vehicle, 0.25 μM, 0.5 μM, 1 μM, 2 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM and 25 μ M groups were 0.81 ± 0.20, 1.73 ± 0.50, 1.71 ± 0.40, 1.88 ± 0.64, 1.95 ± 0.51, 1.96 ± 0.56, 1.71 ± 0.53 and 1.65 ± 0.42 folds of the control group. However, the levels of protein expression of the nuclear receptor, RXRα, were decreased as the concentr ation of 9-cis RA increased. These results provided evidence of elevation effects of retinoic acid on mitochondrial biogenesis.

It is suggested that 9-cis RA may induce mitochondrial biogenesis through activating RXRα and increasing the transcription o

f mtTFA .

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