References
Abu Shmais, Wafa (2003) Language Learning Strategy Use In Palestine, http://www-writing.berkeley.edu/TESL-EJ/ej26/a3.html
Altan, M.Z. (2003). Language Learning Strategies and Foreign Language Achievement. Education and Science 28, 25-31.
Brown, H. Douglas (1994). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, New Jersey, Prentice Hall Regents.
Cook, Vivian (1991) Second Language Learning and Language Teaching, New York, E.Arnold.
Cook, Vivian (1993) Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition, London, Macmillan.
Dickinson, L. (1987). Self-Instruction in Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dunn, R. (2000). Learning styles: Theory, research, and practice. National Forum of Applied Educational Research Journal
Ellis, G. and B. Sinclair. (1989). Learning to Learn English: A Course in Learner Training. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Green, J. M., & Oxford, R.L. (1995). A Closer Look at Learning Strategies, L2 Proficiency, and Gender. TESOL Quarterly 29, 261-297.
Grenfell, M., & Harris, V. (1999). Modern Languages and Learning Strategies in Theory and Practice. London: Routledge.
Holec, H. (1980). Autonomy and Foreign Language Learning. Council of Europe.
Huang, X.-H., & Van Naerrsen, M. (1987). Learning Strategies for Oral Communication. Applied Linguistics 8, 287-307.
K umaravadivelu, B. (2003). Beyond Methods. Yale University
Knowles, M. (1975). Self-Directed Learning. New York: Association Press.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (1991). An Introduction to Second Language Acquisition Research. New York, Longman Group.
Naiman, N., Frohlich, M., Stern, H.H., & Todesco, A. (1978). The good language learner. Toronto: Ontario Institute of Secondary Education Press.
O'Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A.O. (1990). Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know.
Newbury House, New York.
Oxford, R. L. (1994). Gender Differences in L2 Styles and Strategies: Do they exist?
Should we pay attention? In J. Alatis (ed.), Strategic interaction and language acquisition: Theory, practice, research. 541-557.Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Oxford, R. L. (1989). Use of Language Learning Strategies: A synthesis of studies with implications for strategy training. System 17, 235-247.
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Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
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Setiyadi, Ag. Bambang, et al (1999). A Survey of Language Learning Strategies in a tertiary EFL in Indonesia. The Australian Association for Research in Education.
Smith, Michael S. (1994). Second Language Learning: Theoretical Foundations. New York, Longman.
Stern, H.H. (1983). Fundamental Concepts in Language Learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sucuoğlu, Hale (2003). The Effect of cooperative learning on student attribution, performance and use of learning strategies and interaction patterns in cooperative learning groups. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi
Tabanlıoğlu, Selime (2003). The Relationship between Learning Styles and Language Learning Strategies of Pre-Intermediate EAP Students, Middle East Technical University
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Wharton, enn (2000) Language Learning Strategy Use of Bilingual Foreign Language Learners in Singapore. Language Learning 50 (2), 203-243.
YAMAMORI, KOYO et al. (2003), Using Cluster Analysis to Uncover L2 Learner Differences in Strategy Use, Will to Learn, and Achievement over Time, The National Institute for Educational Policy Research of Japan
Appendices Appendix A,
Strategy Inventory for Language Learning Oxford (1990)
Part A
1. I think of relationships between what I already know and new things I learn in English.
2. I use new English words in a sentence so I can remember them.
3. I connect the sound of a new English word and an image or picture of the word to help me remember the word.
4. I remember a new English word by making a mental picture of a situation in which the word might be used.
5. I use rhymes to remember new English words.
6. I use flashcards to remember new English words.
7. I physically act out new English words.
8. I review English lessons often.
9. I remember new English words or phrases by remembering their location on the page, on the board, or on a street sign.
Part B
10. I say or write new English words several times.
11. I try to talk like native English speakers.
12. I practise the sounds of English.
13. I use the English words I know in different ways.
14. I start conversations in English.
15. I watch English language TV shows spoken in English or go to movies spoken in English.
16. I read for pleasure in English.
17. I write notes, messages, letters or reports in English.
18. I first skim an English passage (read over the passage quickly) then go back and read carefully.
19. I look for words in my own language that are similar to new words in English.
20. I try to find patterns in English.
21. I find the meaning of an English word by dividing it into parts that I understand.
22. I try not to translate word-for-word.
23. I make summaries of information that I hear or read in English.
Part C
24. To understand unfamiliar English words, I make guesses.
25. When I can't think of a word during a conversation in English, I use gestures.
26. I make up new words if I do not know the right ones in English.
27. I read English without looking up every new word.
28. I try to guess what the other person will say next in English.
29. If I can't think of an English word, I use a word or phrase that means the same thing.
Part D
30. I try to find as many ways as I can to use my English.
31. I notice my English mistakes and use that information to help me do better.
32. I pay attention when someone is speaking English.
33. I try to find out how to be a better learner of English.
34. I plan my schedule so I will have enough time to study English.
35. I look for people I can talk to in English.
36. I look for opportunities to read as much as possible in English.
37. I have clear goals for improving my English skills.
38. I think about my progress in learning English.
Part E
39. I try to relax whenever I feel afraid of using English.
40. I encourage myself to speak English even when I am afraid of making a mistake.
41. I give myself a reward or treat when I do well in English.
42. I notice if I am tense or nervous when I am studying or using English.
43. I write down my feelings in a language learning diary.
44. I talk to someone else about how I feel when I am learning English.
Part F
45. If I do not understand something in English, I ask the other person to slow down or say it again.
46. I ask English speakers to correct me when I talk.
47. I practise English with other students.
48. I ask for help from English speakers.
49. I ask questions in English.
50. I try to learn about the culture of English speakers.
Appendix B,
Questionnaire (English)
Dear Students,
You are kindly asked to complete all the parts of this questionnaire. The questionnaire has two sections. The first section, which is on this page, includes your personal information.
Please give true information about yourself. The personal information you are going to provide will be used for academic research only.
The second section is made of 50 questions which are going to be answered with never, rarely, sometimes, usually, or always.
For any questions, you can contact Zaid N. Owda (Mobile: 0533 848 7003).
Your level LAST MODULE was:
Beginner Elementary
Pre-Intermediate Intermediate Upper-Intermediate I Upper-Intermediate II
Registration Number: ________________ Age: 17 – 19 20 – 22 Over 22
Gender: Male Female Nationality: ___________________
I graduated from:
High School College
Anatolian High School Super High School
Others
Have you ever got any help on how to study? Yes No
Do you enjoy learning English? Yes No
Now go to the next section and complete it by putting a (√) under the answer which is true about you.
Questions
never rarely sometimes usually always
Part A
1 I think of relationships between what I already know and new things Ilearn in English.
2 I use new English words in a sentence so I can remember them.
3 I connect the sound of a new English word and an image or picture of the word to help me remember the word.
4 I remember a new English word by making a mental picture of a situation in which the word might be used.
5 I use rhymes to remember new English words.
6 I use flashcards to remember new English words.
7 I physically act out new English words.
8 I review English lessons often.
9 I remember new English words or phrases by remembering their location on the page, on the board, or on a street sign.
Part B
10 I say or write new English words several times.
11 I try to talk like native English speakers.
12 I practise the sounds of English.
13 I use the English words I know in different ways.
14 I start conversations in English.
15 I watch English language TV shows spoken in English or go to moviesspoken in English.
16 I read for pleasure in English.
17 I write notes, messages, letters or reports in English.
18 I first skim an English passage (read over the passage quickly) then go back and read carefully.
19 I look for words in my own language that are similar to new words in English.
20 I try to find patterns in English.
21 I find the meaning of an English word by dividing it into parts that I understand.
22 I try not to translate word-for-word.
23 I make summaries of information that I hear or read in English.
Part C
24 To understand unfamiliar English words, I make guesses.
25 When I can't think of a word during a conversation in English, I use gestures.
26 I make up new words if I do not know the right ones in English.
27 I read English without looking up every new word.
28 I try to guess what the other person will say next in English.
29 If I can't think of an English word, I use a word or phrase that means the same thing.
Questions
never rarely sometimes usually always
Part D
30 I try to find as many ways as I can to use my English.
31 I notice my English mistakes and use that information to help me do better.
32 I pay attention when someone is speaking English.
33 I try to find out how to be a better learner of English.
34 I plan my schedule so I will have enough time to study English.
35 I look for people I can talk to in English.
36 I look for opportunities to read as much as possible in English.
37 I have clear goals for improving my English skills.
38 I think about my progress in learning English.
Part E
39 I try to relax whenever I feel afraid of using English.
40 I encourage myself to speak English even when I am afraid of making a mistake.
41 I give myself a reward or treat when I do well in English.
42 I notice if I am tense or nervous when I am studying or using English.
43 I write down my feelings in a language learning diary.
44 I talk to someone else about how I feel when I am learning English.
Part F
45 If I do not understand something in English, I ask the other person to slow down or say it again.
46 I ask English speakers to correct me when I talk.
47 I practise English with other students.
48 I ask for help from English speakers.
49 I ask questions in English.
50 I try to learn about the culture of English speakers.
Appendix C,
The Turkish Translation of the Questionnaire
11 The Translation was a collaborative work by : Ms. Cemaliye Inal, Ms. Suriz Gunay, Mr. Huseyin Gurses, Mr. Metin Kannur, Ms. Suna Allahkerim, Ms. Canan Koran, Ms. Heves Eslik, Ms. Eylem Akim, Dr. Ilkay Gilanlioglu, Ms. Sibel Kamber and Dr. Mustafa Kurt.
Sevgili öğrenciler,
Sizden bu anketin tüm bölümlerini doldurmanızı rica ediyoruz. Anket iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Bu sayfada yer alan birinci bölüm kişisel bilgilerinizi içermektedir. Lütfen kendiniz hakkında verdiğiniz bilgilerin doğru olmasına dikkat ediniz. Sağladığınız kişisel bilgiler sadece akademik araştırma için kullanılacaktır.
İkinci bölüm 50 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Bu soruları hiçbir zaman, nadiren, bazen, genellikle, veya her zaman kelimelerini kullanarak cevaplayabilirsiniz.
Herhangi bir sorunuz olduğunda Zaid N. Owda ile bağlantı kurabilirsiniz (Cep: 0533 848 7003).
Geçen modüldeki seviyeniz:
□
Beginner□
Elementary□
Pre-Intermediate□
Intermediate□
Upper-Intermediate I□
Upper-Intermediate IIKayıt Numarası: ________________ Yaş:
□
17 – 19□
20 – 22□
22 yaşın üstüCinsiyet:
□
K□
E Uyruk: ___________________Mezun olduğunuz okul:
□
Lise□
Kolej□
Anadolu Lisesi□
Süper Lise□
Diğer _______________ ( Lütfen belirtiniz)Nasıl ders çalışmanız gerektiği konusunda hiç yardım aldınız mı?
□
Evet□
Hayırİngilizce öğrenmekten zevk alıyor musunuz?
□
Evet□
Hayır Şimdi bir sonraki bölüme geçiniz ve sizin için doğru olan cevabın altına (√) koyarak bu bölümü doldurunuz.Sorular Hiçbirzaman Nadiren Bazen Genellikle Her zaman
Bölüm A
1 İngilizce bildiklerim ve yeni öğrendiklerim arasında ilişki kurmaya çalışırım.
2 Yeni İngilizce kelimeleri hatırlayabilmek için cümle içinde kullanırım.
3 Yeni İngilizce kelimeleri hatırlamak için kelimenin sesi ile görüntüsü yada resmi arasında bağlantı kurarım.
4 Yeni İngilizce kelimeleri hatırlamak için kelimenin kullanılabileceği durumla ilgili olarak aklımda bir imge/resim oluştururum.
5 Yeni İngilizce kelimeleri hatırlamak için kafiye oluştururum.
6 Yeni İngilizce kelimeleri hatırlamak için resimler kullanırım.
7 Yeni İngilizce kelimeleri anlamlarını oynarım.
8 İngilizce derslerini sık sık tekrarlarım.
9 Yeni İngilizce kelimelerin ve kelime öbeklerini sayfa üzerinde, tahtada veya sokak tabelalarındaki yerini hatırlayarak anımsamaya çalışırım
Bölüm B
10 Yeni İngilizce kelimeleri sözlü veya yazılı olarak tekrarlarım.
11 Ana dili İngilizce olanlar gibi konuşmaya çalışırım.
12 İngilizce sesleri çalışırım.
13 Bildiğim İngilizce kelimeleri farklı şekillerde kullanırım.
14 İngilizce sohbetler başlatırım.
15 İngilizce yayınlanan programlar ya da İngilizce filmler izlerim.
16 Zevk için İngilizce okurum.
17 İngilizce notlar, mesajlar, mektuplar, ve raporlar yazarım.
18 İngilizce bir okuma parçasını önce hızlıca okurum sonra başından başlayarak yeniden dikkatlice okurum.
19 İngilizce yeni kelimelerin kendi dilimdeki benzerlerini ararım.
20 İngilizce kalıplar bulmaya çalışırım.
21 İngilizce bir kelimenin anlamını, anladığım kısımlarını bölerek bulurum.
22 Kelime kelime tercüme etmemeye çalışırım.
23 İngilizce duyduğum ya da okuduğum bilginin özetini çıkarırım.
Bölüm C
24 İngilizce bilinmeyen kelimelerin anlamını bulmak için tahmin yürütürüm.
25 İngilizce sohbet ederken aklıma gelmeyen bir kelime olursa, mimik kullanırım.
26 Eğer doğrusunu bilmiyorsam İngilizce yeni kelimeler uydururum.
27 İngilizce okurken her kelimenin anlamına bakmam.
28 Diğer kişinin daha sonra ne söyleyeceğini tahmin etmeye çalışırım.
29 İngilizce bir kelime aklıma gelmezse, aynı anlama gelen başka bir kelime ve kelime öbekleri kullanırım.
Sorular
hiçbir zaman nadiren bazen genellikle her zaman
Bölüm D
30 İngilizce’mi kullanmak için mümkün olduğunca çok yol bulmaya çalışırım.
31 İngilizce hatalarımı fark ederim ve bunu, daha iyi konuşmak ve yazmak için kullanırım.
32 Birisi İngilizce konuşurken dikkatle dinlerim.
33 Daha iyi bir İngilizce öğrencisi olmanın yollarını ararım.
34 Programımı İngilizce çalışmaya yeterince zamanım olacak şekilde planlarım.
35 İngilizce konuşabileceğim insanlar ararım.
36 Mümkün olduğunca fazla İngilizce okumak için fırsatlar ararım.
37 İngilizce becerilerimi geliştirmek konusunda net hedeflerim vardır.
38 İngilizce öğrenmedeki ilerlememi değerlendiririm.
Bölüm E
39 İngilizce konuşmaktan korktuğum zaman rahatlamaya çalışırım.
40 Hata yapmaktan korktuğum zaman bile kendimi İngilizce konuşmak için cesaretlendiririm.
41 İngilizce’de bir konuda başarılı olduğumda, kendimi ödüllendiririm.
42 İngilizce çalışırken ya da kullanırken sinirli ya da gergin olup olmadığımı fark ederim.
43 Hislerimi, dil öğrenme günlüğüme not ederim.
44 İngilizce öğrenirken neler hissettiğimi başkalarıyla paylaşırım.
Bölüm F
45 İngilizce birşeyi anlamadığımda, konuşanın yavaşlamasını ya da söylediğini tekrarlamasını rica ederim.
46 İngilizce konuşanların, konuştuğumda yanlışlarımı düzeltmelerini isterim.
47 Başka öğrencilerle İngilizce pratik yaparım.
48 İngilizce konuşanlardan yardım isterim.
49 İngilizce sorular sorarım.
50 İngilizce konuşanların kültürleri hakkında bilgi edinmeye çalışırım.
Appendix D Age ANOVA Results
ANOVA Results for Age
Sum of
Squares Df
Mean
Square F Sig.
q1 Between
Groups 1.784471 2 0.89223574 0.93751932 0.391858
Within Groups 1259.097 1323 0.95169851
Total 1260.882 1325
q2
Between
Groups 11.28832 2 5.6441603 5.40272747 0.004604
Within Groups 1382.121 1323 1.04468721
Total 1393.41 1325
q3
Between
Groups 10.11786 2 5.05893024 3.27870306 0.037983
Within Groups 2041.345 1323 1.54296688
Total 2051.463 1325
q4 Between
Groups 11.65992 2 5.82995819 3.88587541 0.020765
Within Groups 1984.89 1323 1.50029468
Total 1996.55 1325
q5 Between
Groups 4.038174 2 2.01908689 0.58204503 0.558898
Within Groups 4589.425 1323 3.46895304
Total 4593.463 1325
q6
Between
Groups 5.340798 2 2.67039882 1.75683003 0.172994
Within Groups 2010.973 1323 1.52000977
Total 2016.314 1325
q7
Between
Groups 2.26484 2 1.13241995 0.80986438 0.445139
Within Groups 1849.929 1323 1.39828343
Total 1852.194 1325
q8
Between
Groups 1.732106 2 0.86605315 0.82365381 0.43905
Within Groups 1391.104 1323 1.05147713
Total 1392.836 1325
q9
Between
Groups 4.550682 2 2.27534119 1.5195251 0.219197
Within Groups 1981.064 1323 1.49740283
Total 1985.615 1325
q10
Between
Groups 1.620812 2 0.8104062 0.77250745 0.462062
Within Groups 1387.906 1323 1.0490594
Total 1389.526 1325
q11
Between
Groups 2.590457 2 1.29522849 0.60675013 0.545271
Within Groups 2824.206 1323 2.13469835
Total 2826.796 1325
q12
Between
Groups 28.61038 2 14.3051876 9.00795076 0.00013
Within Groups 2101.007 1323 1.58806237
Total 2129.617 1325
q13
Between
Groups 4.133414 2 2.06670693 0.64539588 0.52462
Within Groups 4236.552 1323 3.20223137
Total 4240.686 1325
q14 Between
Groups 3.988523 2 1.99426156 1.43697282 0.238017
Within Groups 1836.088 1323 1.38782135
Total 1840.076 1325
q15 Between
Groups 1.232439 2 0.61621972 0.47695745 0.620776
Within Groups 1709.29 1323 1.29198049
Total 1710.523 1325
q16
Between
Groups 18.81346 2 9.40672789 6.76271508 0.001196
Within Groups 1840.252 1323 1.39096913
Total 1859.066 1325
q17
Between
Groups 0.376283 2 0.18814158 0.13136254 0.876911
Within Groups 1894.842 1323 1.43223161
Total 1895.219 1325
q18
Between
Groups 4.686372 2 2.34318611 1.39334185 0.248608
Within Groups 2224.892 1323 1.68170224
Total 2229.578 1325
q19
Between
Groups 0.944734 2 0.47236676 0.28579705 0.751461
Within Groups 2186.661 1323 1.65280487
Total 2187.606 1325 q20
Between
Groups 2.106946 2 1.05347305 0.73648745 0.478989
Within Groups 1892.422 1323 1.4304019
Total 1894.529 1325
q21
Between
Groups 2.2307 2 1.11535024 0.74234838 0.476193
Within Groups 1987.757 1323 1.50246201
Total 1989.988 1325
q22
Between
Groups 0.758202 2 0.37910092 0.17066109 0.843126
Within Groups 2938.868 1323 2.22136697
Total 2939.627 1325
q23 Between
Groups 4.464693 2 2.23234626 1.64381528 0.193636
Within Groups 1796.67 1323 1.35802744
Total 1801.135 1325
q24 Between
Groups 0.378259 2 0.18912945 0.04903849 0.952146
Within Groups 5102.488 1323 3.85675548
Total 5102.866 1325
q25
Between
Groups 3.72265 2 1.86132513 1.28429671 0.27719
Within Groups 1917.418 1323 1.44929525
Total 1921.14 1325
q26
Between
Groups 5.804336 2 2.90216805 1.59912647 0.202463
Within Groups 2401.041 1323 1.81484585
Total 2406.845 1325
q27
Between
Groups 2.727605 2 1.3638024 0.89745677 0.407853
Within Groups 2010.471 1323 1.51963019
Total 2013.198 1325
q28
Between
Groups 3.352773 2 1.67638635 1.31710861 0.26826
Within Groups 1683.885 1323 1.27277761
Total 1687.238 1325
q29
Between
Groups 0.274949 2 0.1374743 0.12311519 0.884172
Within Groups 1477.303 1323 1.11663151
Total 1477.578 1325
q30
Between
Groups 4.293656 2 2.14682782 2.06021754 0.127835
Within Groups 1378.618 1323 1.04203939
Total 1382.912 1325
q31
Between
Groups 2.415932 2 1.20796622 1.19662175 0.30254
Within Groups 1335.543 1323 1.00948042
Total 1337.959 1325
q32
Between
Groups 0.312226 2 0.15611289 0.2053537 0.814385
Within Groups 1005.764 1323 0.76021462
Total 1006.076 1325
q33 Between
Groups 6.910652 2 3.4553261 3.35670199 0.035147
Within Groups 1361.871 1323 1.02938125
Total 1368.782 1325
q34 Between
Groups 1.952781 2 0.9763903 0.80888135 0.445576
Within Groups 1596.976 1323 1.20708717
Total 1598.929 1325
q35
Between
Groups 10.97204 2 5.48601989 4.20945805 0.015054
Within Groups 1724.213 1323 1.30326038
Total 1735.186 1325
q36
Between
Groups 15.66539 2 7.83269737 5.83204752 0.003008
Within Groups 1776.847 1323 1.34304416
Total 1792.513 1325
q37
Between
Groups 13.96511 2 6.98255533 5.23332271 0.005447
Within Groups 1765.211 1323 1.33424895
Total 1779.176 1325
q38
Between
Groups 5.054954 2 2.52747701 2.32895212 0.097797
Within Groups 1435.775 1323 1.08524215
Total 1440.83 1325
q39
Between
Groups 6.394208 2 3.19710418 1.99399843 0.136559
Within Groups 2121.25 1323 1.60336344
Total 2127.644 1325
q40 Between
Groups 5.586827 2 2.79341355 0.76138472 0.467224
Within Groups 4853.901 1323 3.66885949
Total 4859.488 1325
q41 Between
Groups 11.28991 2 5.64495505 3.00705465 0.049775
Within Groups 2483.585 1323 1.87723726
Total 2494.875 1325
q42
Between
Groups 1.868928 2 0.93446385 0.50760313 0.602054
Within Groups 2435.556 1323 1.84093398
Total 2437.425 1325
q43
Between
Groups 6.226073 2 3.11303628 2.69016717 0.068241
Within Groups 1530.963 1323 1.15719064
Total 1537.189 1325
q44
Between
Groups 2.223934 2 1.11196722 0.60389321 0.54683
Within Groups 2436.081 1323 1.84133087
Total 2438.305 1325
q45
Between
Groups 3.677575 2 1.83878757 1.73720457 0.176413
Within Groups 1400.362 1323 1.05847498
Total 1404.04 1325
q46
Between
Groups 1.885316 2 0.94265809 0.66821986 0.512793
Within Groups 1866.357 1323 1.4107005
Total 1868.242 1325
q47
Between
Groups 8.715484 2 4.35774215 3.25238266 0.038991
Within Groups 1772.637 1323 1.33986145
Total 1781.352 1325
q48
Between
Groups 7.156728 2 3.57836412 2.96196171 0.05206
Within Groups 1598.324 1323 1.20810614
Total 1605.481 1325
q49
Between
Groups 8.757203 2 4.37860127 3.92416056 0.019989
Within Groups 1476.211 1323 1.11580584
Total 1484.968 1325
q50 Between
Groups 6.381983 2 3.19099142 1.62944326 0.196432
Within Groups 2590.874 1323 1.95833233
Total 2597.256 1325
Multiple Comparisons
Mean Difference
(I-J) Std. Error Sig.
95%
Confidence Interval Dependent
Variable (I) age (J) age
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
q1 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 0.075 0.055 0.395 -0.060 0.211
Over22 0.023 0.116 0.981 -0.263 0.308
20-22 17-19 -0.075 0.055 0.395 -0.211 0.060
Over22 -0.053 0.117 0.903 -0.338 0.233
over22 17-19 -0.023 0.116 0.981 -0.308 0.263
20-22 0.053 0.117 0.903 -0.233 0.338
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 0.075 0.055 -0.054 0.205
Over22 0.023 0.120 -0.265 0.310
20-22 17-19 -0.075 0.055 -0.205 0.054
Over22 -0.053 0.121 -0.342 0.237
over22 17-19 -0.023 0.120 -0.310 0.265
20-22 0.053 0.121 -0.237 0.342
q2 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 -0.013 0.058 0.974 -0.155 0.129
Over22 -0.395 0.122 0.005 -0.694 -0.096
20-22 17-19 0.013 0.058 0.974 -0.129 0.155
Over22 -0.382 0.122 0.008 -0.681 -0.083
over22 17-19 0.395 0.122 0.005 0.096 0.694
20-22 0.382 0.122 0.008 0.083 0.681
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 -0.013 0.058 -0.150 0.123
Over22 -0.395 0.112 -0.663 -0.128
20-22 17-19 0.013 0.058 -0.123 0.150
Over22 -0.382 0.112 -0.650 -0.114
over22 17-19 0.395 0.112 0.128 0.663
20-22 0.382 0.112 0.114 0.650
q3 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 -0.150 0.070 0.104 -0.322 0.023
Over22 -0.280 0.148 0.169 -0.643 0.084
20-22 17-19 0.150 0.070 0.104 -0.023 0.322
Over22 -0.130 0.148 0.682 -0.494 0.234
over22 17-19 0.280 0.148 0.169 -0.084 0.643
20-22 0.130 0.148 0.682 -0.234 0.494
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 -0.150 0.070 -0.315 0.016
Over22 -0.280 0.144 -0.624 0.065
20-22 17-19 0.150 0.070 -0.016 0.315
Over22 -0.130 0.145 -0.476 0.217
over22 17-19 0.280 0.144 -0.065 0.624
20-22 0.130 0.145 -0.217 0.476
q4 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 -0.124 0.069 0.204 -0.294 0.046
Over22 -0.366 0.146 0.044 -0.724 -0.007
20-22 17-19 0.124 0.069 0.204 -0.046 0.294
Over22 -0.242 0.146 0.255 -0.600 0.117
over22 17-19 0.366 0.146 0.044 0.007 0.724
20-22 0.242 0.146 0.255 -0.117 0.600
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 -0.124 0.069 -0.287 0.039
Over22 -0.366 0.145 -0.711 -0.021
20-22 17-19 0.124 0.069 -0.039 0.287
Over22 -0.242 0.146 -0.590 0.107
over22 17-19 0.366 0.145 0.021 0.711
20-22 0.242 0.146 -0.107 0.590
q5 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 -0.100 0.105 0.638 -0.359 0.158
Over22 -0.161 0.222 0.770 -0.706 0.384
20-22 17-19 0.100 0.105 0.638 -0.158 0.359
Over22 -0.061 0.223 0.964 -0.606 0.485
over22 17-19 0.161 0.222 0.770 -0.384 0.706
20-22 0.061 0.223 0.964 -0.485 0.606
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 -0.100 0.107 -0.351 0.151
Over22 -0.161 0.163 -0.548 0.227
20-22 17-19 0.100 0.107 -0.151 0.351
Over22 -0.061 0.143 -0.401 0.279
over22 17-19 0.161 0.163 -0.227 0.548
20-22 0.061 0.143 -0.279 0.401
q6 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 -0.078 0.070 0.533 -0.249 0.093
Over22 -0.254 0.147 0.227 -0.614 0.107
20-22 17-19 0.078 0.070 0.533 -0.093 0.249
Over22 -0.175 0.147 0.492 -0.536 0.186
over22 17-19 0.254 0.147 0.227 -0.107 0.614
20-22 0.175 0.147 0.492 -0.186 0.536
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 -0.078 0.070 -0.243 0.087
Over22 -0.254 0.135 -0.576 0.068
20-22 17-19 0.078 0.070 -0.087 0.243
Over22 -0.175 0.133 -0.492 0.141
over22 17-19 0.254 0.135 -0.068 0.576
20-22 0.175 0.133 -0.141 0.492
q7 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 -0.033 0.067 0.886 -0.197 0.131
Over22 0.145 0.141 0.591 -0.201 0.491
20-22 17-19 0.033 0.067 0.886 -0.131 0.197
Over22 0.178 0.141 0.454 -0.169 0.524
over22 17-19 -0.145 0.141 0.591 -0.491 0.201
20-22 -0.178 0.141 0.454 -0.524 0.169
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 -0.033 0.067 -0.191 0.125
Over22 0.145 0.136 -0.179 0.469
20-22 17-19 0.033 0.067 -0.125 0.191
Over22 0.178 0.136 -0.147 0.502
over22 17-19 -0.145 0.136 -0.469 0.179
20-22 -0.178 0.136 -0.502 0.147
q8 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 0.063 0.058 0.557 -0.079 0.205
Over22 -0.051 0.122 0.917 -0.351 0.249
20-22 17-19 -0.063 0.058 0.557 -0.205 0.079
Over22 -0.114 0.123 0.650 -0.414 0.186
over22 17-19 0.051 0.122 0.917 -0.249 0.351
20-22 0.114 0.123 0.650 -0.186 0.414
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 0.063 0.058 -0.074 0.199
Over22 -0.051 0.122 -0.342 0.240
20-22 17-19 -0.063 0.058 -0.199 0.074
Over22 -0.114 0.122 -0.406 0.178
over22 17-19 0.051 0.122 -0.240 0.342
20-22 0.114 0.122 -0.178 0.406
q9 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 -0.081 0.069 0.507 -0.251 0.089
Over22 -0.224 0.146 0.308 -0.582 0.134
20-22 17-19 0.081 0.069 0.507 -0.089 0.251
Over22 -0.143 0.146 0.618 -0.502 0.215
over22 17-19 0.224 0.146 0.308 -0.134 0.582
20-22 0.143 0.146 0.618 -0.215 0.502
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 -0.081 0.069 -0.244 0.082
Over22 -0.224 0.142 -0.563 0.115
20-22 17-19 0.081 0.069 -0.082 0.244
Over22 -0.143 0.142 -0.482 0.195
over22 17-19 0.224 0.142 -0.115 0.563
20-22 0.143 0.142 -0.195 0.482
q10 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 0.059 0.058 0.597 -0.083 0.201
Over22 -0.056 0.122 0.901 -0.355 0.244
20-22 17-19 -0.059 0.058 0.597 -0.201 0.083
Over22 -0.115 0.122 0.645 -0.415 0.185
over22 17-19 0.056 0.122 0.901 -0.244 0.355
20-22 0.115 0.122 0.645 -0.185 0.415
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 0.059 0.058 -0.078 0.196
Over22 -0.056 0.116 -0.331 0.220
20-22 17-19 -0.059 0.058 -0.196 0.078
Over22 -0.115 0.116 -0.391 0.161
over22 17-19 0.056 0.116 -0.220 0.331
20-22 0.115 0.116 -0.161 0.391
q11 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 -0.091 0.083 0.549 -0.293 0.112
Over22 -0.064 0.174 0.935 -0.491 0.363
20-22 17-19 0.091 0.083 0.549 -0.112 0.293
Over22 0.027 0.175 0.988 -0.401 0.454
over22 17-19 0.064 0.174 0.935 -0.363 0.491
20-22 -0.027 0.175 0.988 -0.454 0.401
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 -0.091 0.084 -0.287 0.106
Over22 -0.064 0.153 -0.429 0.301
20-22 17-19 0.091 0.084 -0.106 0.287
Over22 0.027 0.161 -0.356 0.409
over22 17-19 0.064 0.153 -0.301 0.429
20-22 -0.027 0.161 -0.409 0.356
q12 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 0.032 0.071 0.907 -0.143 0.207
Over22 -0.601 0.150 0.000 -0.970 -0.233
20-22 17-19 -0.032 0.071 0.907 -0.207 0.143
Over22 -0.633 0.151 0.000 -1.002 -0.264
over22 17-19 0.601 0.150 0.000 0.233 0.970
20-22 0.633 0.151 0.000 0.264 1.002
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 0.032 0.065 -0.121 0.185
Over22 -0.601 0.275 -1.258 0.055
20-22 17-19 -0.032 0.065 -0.185 0.121
Over22 -0.633 0.275 -1.290 0.024
over22 17-19 0.601 0.275 -0.055 1.258
20-22 0.633 0.275 -0.024 1.290
q13 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 -0.093 0.101 0.654 -0.342 0.155
Over22 -0.184 0.214 0.689 -0.708 0.339
20-22 17-19 0.093 0.101 0.654 -0.155 0.342
Over22 -0.091 0.214 0.913 -0.615 0.433
over22 17-19 0.184 0.214 0.689 -0.339 0.708
20-22 0.091 0.214 0.913 -0.433 0.615
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 -0.093 0.104 -0.337 0.150
Over22 -0.184 0.143 -0.526 0.157
20-22 17-19 0.093 0.104 -0.150 0.337
Over22 -0.091 0.165 -0.482 0.300
over22 17-19 0.184 0.143 -0.157 0.526
20-22 0.091 0.165 -0.300 0.482
q14 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 0.043 0.067 0.812 -0.120 0.207
Over22 -0.193 0.141 0.391 -0.537 0.152
20-22 17-19 -0.043 0.067 0.812 -0.207 0.120
Over22 -0.236 0.141 0.246 -0.581 0.109
over22 17-19 0.193 0.141 0.391 -0.152 0.537
20-22 0.236 0.141 0.246 -0.109 0.581
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 0.043 0.067 -0.114 0.200
Over22 -0.193 0.138 -0.523 0.137
20-22 17-19 -0.043 0.067 -0.200 0.114
Over22 -0.236 0.138 -0.565 0.093
over22 17-19 0.193 0.138 -0.137 0.523
20-22 0.236 0.138 -0.093 0.565
q15 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 0.027 0.064 0.916 -0.131 0.185
Over22 -0.103 0.136 0.750 -0.435 0.230
20-22 17-19 -0.027 0.064 0.916 -0.185 0.131
Over22 -0.130 0.136 0.633 -0.463 0.203
over22 17-19 0.103 0.136 0.750 -0.230 0.435
20-22 0.130 0.136 0.633 -0.203 0.463
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 0.027 0.065 -0.125 0.178
Over22 -0.103 0.132 -0.418 0.212
20-22 17-19 -0.027 0.065 -0.178 0.125
Over22 -0.130 0.133 -0.446 0.186
over22 17-19 0.103 0.132 -0.212 0.418
20-22 0.130 0.133 -0.186 0.446
q16 Scheffe 17-19 20-22 -0.071 0.067 0.566 -0.235 0.092
Over22 -0.517 0.141 0.001 -0.862 -0.172
20-22 17-19 0.071 0.067 0.566 -0.092 0.235
Over22 -0.446 0.141 0.007 -0.791 -0.100
over22 17-19 0.517 0.141 0.001 0.172 0.862
20-22 0.446 0.141 0.007 0.100 0.791
Dunnett C 17-19 20-22 -0.071 0.067 -0.230 0.087
