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IMMANUEL KANT

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IMMANUEL KANT

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the Age of Enlightenment.

  In his doctrine of transcendental idealism, he argued that space, time, and causation are mere sensibilities; "things-in-themselves" exist, but their nature is unknowable. (Durant, Will;

Durant, Ariel (1967). The Story of Civilization: Rousseau and Revolution. MJF Books. pp. 571, 574)

 Kant believed that reason is also the source of morality, and that aesthetics arise from a faculty of disinterested judgment. Kant's views continue to have a major influence on contemporary philosophy, especially the fields of epistemology, ethics, political theory, and post-modern

aesthetics. He attempted to explain the relationship between reason and human experience and to move beyond the failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. He wanted to put an end to what he saw as an era of futile and speculative theories of human experience, while resisting the skepticism of thinkers such as David Hume. He regarded himself as showing the way past the impasse between rationalists and empiricists, (Vanzo, Alberto (January 2013). 

"Kant on Empiricism and Rationalism". History of Philosophy Quarterly. 30 (1): 53–74.) and is widely held to have synthesized both traditions in his thought. (Rohlf, Michael. "Immanuel Kant".

In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 6 October 2015.)

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  The nature of Kant's religious ideas continues to be the subject of

philosophical dispute, with viewpoints ranging from the impression that he was an initial advocate of atheism who at some point developed

an ontological argument for God, to more critical treatments epitomized by Schopenhauer, who criticized the imperative form of Kantian ethics as "theological morals" and the "Mosaic Decalogue in disguise",

(

Arthur Schopenhauer, ''On the basis of Morals'', in The Two Fundamental

Problems of Ethics trans. Chris Janaway 2009, sections 4-

5 ) and Nietzsche, who claimed that Kant had "theologian blood«

(

Friedrich Nietzsche, The Anti-Christ (1895) and was merely a

sophisticated apologist for traditional Christian faith.

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WORKS:

Metaphysics of Morals

Critique of Practical Reason

Universal Natural History

Critique of Judgment

Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason

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 In Kant's essay "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?", he defined the Enlightenment as an age shaped by the Latin motto Sapere aude ("Dare to be wise"). Kant maintained that one ought to think

autonomously, free of the dictates of external authority. His work reconciled many of the differences between

the rationalist and empiricist traditions of the 18th century. He had a

decisive impact on the Romantic and German Idealist philosophies of the 19th century. His work has also been a starting point for many 20th

century philosophers. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant)

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