Abdullah Kahraman,
0.532.462 70 07, Istanbul
[email protected]
PART I (tense)
1. Water has a moderating effect on temperature, ____ summer and midday heat, and winter and midnight cold. A) diminished B) having diminished C) to diminish D) being diminished E) diminishing
2. Of course nobody knows what the outcome of the election ____ but at the moment Malcolm ____ as the most likely candidate.
A) would have been / is being regarded B) is / has been regarded
C) was / would have been regarded
D) will be / is regarded
E) has been / has been regarded
3. When that happened, their hopes ____ because the army ____ its most trusted leaders.
A) wane / would lose B) are waning / loses
C) waned / had lost
D) were waning / has lost
E) have waned / lost
4. They ____ the advantages and the disadvantages of the takeover when I ____ them an hour or so later.
A) will discuss / would rejoin
B) have discussed / am rejoining C) are discussing / will rejoin
D) were discussing / rejoined
E) would discuss / had rejoined
5. The doctors are of the opinion that if the disorder ____ a few months earlier, it ____ treated successfully. A) had been diagnosed / could have been
B) were diagnosed / would be C) has been diagnosed / will be D) is being diagnosed / is being E) were to be diagnosed / has been
6. We still ____ that any changes in the law along these lines ____ to our advantage.
A) had believed / will have been
B) believed / had been C) have believed / would be D) would believe / were being
E) believe / will be
7. Of course, it can never be proved, but just the same, some people think that it ____ better for these children if they had been forcibly taken away from their families.
A) may have been B) had been C) will have been
D) would have been
E) must be
8. Actually, most of the crimes that ____ last year were not connected with violence, but this is not the picture that ____ up from watching TV coverage of the topic. A) were committed / builds
B) have been committed / has been built C) were being committed / was built D) had committed / would built E) would be committed / had been built
9. Of course my suspicions ____ by the confused way in which she ____ out her answers to my questions.
A) have been awakened / was stammering
B) were awakened / stammered
C) awakened / stammers
D) would have awakened / had stammered E) would have been awakened / has stammered
10. When he ____ that very rash promise he didn’t realise what he ____ himself in for.
A) will make / would let B) has made / lets
C) made / was letting
D) was making / has let E) makes / is letting
12. The outbreak of fire underground ____ an excellent opportunity for ____ a no smoking rule.
will prove / to be enforced has provided / having enforced would provided / to enforce had provided / being enforced provided / enforcing
13. In recent decades the efficiency of the United Nations _____ by a growing number of countries.
will have been questioned was questioned
had been questioned would be questioned
has been questioned
14. It seems likely that, by the end of the week, the costs involved in the construction of the bridge _____ by the Ministry.
A) would have been announced
B) would be announced C) are being announced
D) will have been announced
E) have been announced
15. They set up a liaison office in East Africa for marketing their goods but now they wish they _____ so.
A) had not done
B) have not done C) would not do D) would not have done E) never do
16. Had they apologised for deliberately overcharging me, I _____ a complaint with the Consumers’ rights Office.
A) will not have filed B) may not have filed
C) would not have filed
D) was not filing E) may not file
17. We _____ no problems whatsoever with the dam
since it _____ forty years ago.
A) had / has been constructed B) have had / was constructed
C) had had / had been constructed D) are having / is constructed
E) were having / was being constructed
18. There ____ many efforts to eradicate racism, but
very little success ____ .
A) were / had been achieved
B) had been / would have been achieved
C) have been / has been achieved
D) are / was achieved
E) may be / will have been achieved
19. He ____ his paper by saying that the entire history of human race ____ by transfers of cultural and technological advance from one civilisation to another.
A) concluded / had been marked
B) concludes / would have been marked
C) has concluded / was marked D) had concluded / is marked E) will conclude / was being marked
20. Evaporation ____ the process by which a solid or liquid ____ into vapour by heat.
A) had been / resolved B) was / had resolved C) has been / was resolved D) may be / has resolved
E) is / is resolved
21. The Etruscans, who ____ a great part of Italy about
900 BC, ____ from Asia Minor.
A) had colonised / originally came B) colonised / had originally come C) were colonised / have originally come D) have colonised / originally come E) were colonising / might originally come
22. The orders were that we ____ the area within hours to prevent further loss of life.
A) had evacuated
B) have to evacuate C) will have evacuated
D) had to evacuate
E) shall have to evacuate
23. Most newspapers are of the opinion that if a majority of Scots really ____ independence, the British Parliament has no option but ____ to their wishes.
A) did want / had acceded B) wanted / have acceded
C) had wanted / would have acceded
D) do want / to accede
E) would have wanted / acceded
24. For a hundred years or so some critics ____ that poetry is dying and all that time poets ____ poems that later generations recognise as great.
A) have maintained / have been writing
B) maintained / wrote
C) had maintained / were writing D) maintain / are writing
E) would maintain / had been writing
25. What I ____ is that we ___ to think seriously about a thorough reform in the legal system.
A) have proposed / should have begun B) had proposed / were beginning
C) am proposing / begin
D) was proposing / have begun E) proposed / had begun
26. When the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli ____ a map of Mars in 1877, he ____ a large number of straight linear features, which he called “canali” that is “channels”.
A) publishes / has noted B) had published / was noting C) has published / notes
D) published / noted
E) would have published / had noted
27. If we ____ the terms of the contract, all the paint-work in the building ____ finished by the 15th of next month.
A) are to meet / will have to be
B) were meeting / will be C) met / would have had to be D) had met / is being E) will meet / was being
28. As the decade ____ to wind down, Mark Morris ____ as our century’s youngest great choreographer.
A) has begun / had stood B) will begin / is standing C) was beginning / has stood
D) begins / stands
E) is beginning / has been standing
29. Of the many attempts that ____ to regulate language one way or another, very few ____ .
A) were made / had succeeded
B) have been made / have succeeded
C) are made / succeeded
D) could have been made / will succeed E) are being made / may have succeeded
30. An acorn, left to itself becomes an oak, and a
geneticist ____ its DNA to make it grow into an elm may justly be said ____ with its natural course.
A) altering / to have interfered B) having altered / to interfere C) to alter / having interfered D) being altered / interfered E) to have altered / to be interfering
31. In the past few months, our company director ____ more mettle than most industrialists ____ in an entire career.
A) had shown / have done B) showed / would do C) shows / did
D) was showing / may have done
E) has shown / do
32. If they ____ what sort of a person he was, they ____ him their support.
A) would know / didn’t give B) knew / won’t give
C) had known / wouldn’t have given
D) would have known / hadn’t given E) have known / haven’t given
33. Marxism ____ an important movement in Britain even though it ____ its origin here.
A) would never have been / takes B) had never been / would take C) never was / has taken
D) would never be / would have taken E) has never been / took
34. The history of the Venetian Republic ____ to an end in 1797 when Venice ____ over to Austria by Napoleon.
A) was coming / would have been handed B) had come / has been handed
C) comes / had been handed D) came / was handed
E) would come / was being handed
35. More than half of the 850 asylum seekers currently
detained in Britain ____ in prison with no right of appeal, even though the vast majority ____ with any offence, let alone convicted.
A) were held / are not charged
B) are being held / have not been charged C) have been held / would not be charged D) being held / had not been charged E) will be held / were not being charged
36. Over the past two decades, the Corsicans ____ their idyllic island, which was wrested by France from the Genoese in 1768, ____ into terrorism, corruption and economic decline.
A) have seen / sink B) had seen / sank C) saw / to sink
D) would have seen / had sunk E) would see / had been sinking
37. For observers of international politics, March 1998
____ as a month when the world’s superpower relations ____ a hopeful new turn.
A) will be remembered / may have taken B) had been remembered / would have taken
C) may be remembered / took
D) has been remembered / would take E) would be remembered / will have taken
38. The report presents a general overview of the problems that ____ when a disaster ____ nation. A) would have been encountered / will hit B) are encountered / will hit
C) have been encountered / had hit D) had been encountered / was being hit
E) will be encountered / hits
39. The book of "a thousand and one nights" is a collection of fascinating tales of the Orient, of Mixed Indian, Persian, Arabic, and Egyptian origination, and first ____ in Europe by Antoine Galland's French translation in the early eighteenth century.
A) having known B) to know C) to be known D) made known E) to be made known
40. There have been some art critics who ____ in depreciation of Van Gogh that he ____ a draughtsman all his life.
A) had maintained / has remained
B) have maintained / remained
C) were maintaining / had remained D) maintained / would have remained E) will maintain / remains
41. The Romanian Privatisation Authority announced last week that Renault of France ____ to be the sole bidder for a majority stake in the national car company, Dacia, which ____ cheap cars for the domestic market.
A) would turn out / had made B) has turned out / made
C) would have turned out / is making D) is turning out / has made
E) might turn out / makes
42. At the Brussels meeting over the last weekend Madeleine Albright, The American secretary of State, ____ her allies that future NATO missions ____ them further afield, but not all over the world.
A) assures / is taking
B) has assured / will have taken
C) assured / would take
D) had assured / took E) was assuring / will take
43. It ____ a mistake to think that all bacteria are
harmful, for, without some species, we ____ for long. A) is / had not survived
B) would be / could not survive
C) will be / have not survived
D) has been / would not have survived E) had been / did not survive
44. Over the last few years, consumer interest in organic agriculture ____ up dramatically, and demand ____ currently ahead of supply.
A) has shot / is
B) shot / was
C) had shot / had been D) is shooting / has been E) was shooting / would be
45. Orwell ____ at that moment that when the white man ____ tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. A) perceived / would turn
B) has perceived / turned C) had perceived / has turned D) would perceive / will turn
E) perceived / turns
46. Thesiger's passionate belief that traditional societies around the world ____ against the modern onslaught ____ fierce criticism.
A) were protected / will attract B) have been protected / had attracted C) are being protected / was attracting
D) ought to be protected / has attracted
E) would have been protected / would attract
47. All the reports ____ handed in last week, but some of them still ____ me.
A) should have been / haven't reached
B) were / didn't reach C) have been / won't reach D) had been / didn't reach E) would have been / don't reach
48. This poem is generally supposed ____ in the fifteenth century, but some people date it even earlier.
A) being composed B) to be composed C) having been composed D) to have composed
E) to have been composed
49. Once the occupying forces ____, many seemingly innocent people were accused of ____ with the enemy.
A) were leaving / to have been collaborated B) were leaving / to have been collaborated C) have left / being collaborating
D) will leave / collaborating
E) had left / having collaborating
50. Although the metropolitan theatres ____ a monopoly there for a long time, recently several private theatres ____.
A) would hold / are being opened B) had hold / had been opened C) were holding / will be opened D) held / have been opened
51. In 1906 at Boğazköy several thousand cuneiform tablets ____ and most of them ____ now on exhibit in the Anatolian civilizations museum in Ankara.
A) have been discovered / were
B) were discovered / are
C) have been discovered / had been D) would have been discovered / are being E) had discovered / have been
52. One oil company in particular claims ____ its beast to balance economic progress with environmental care and social responsibility.
A) to be done
B) having done C) doing
D) having been done E) to have to
53. Had it not been for the variety and flexibility of its trades, Huddersfield, like so many of the other textile towns, ____ into a decline in the 20th century.
A) was going B) had gone
C) would have gone
D) would go E) had been gone
54. He insisted that mountaineering --- a sport for him, but a passion that --- his whole life.
A) hadn't been / would dominate
B) isn't / has dominated
C) hasn't been / is dominating D) wouldn't be / is dominating E) wasn't / had dominated
56. The judges of the international tribunal at The Hague ---, on 1st February 2002, that charges relating to all three wars --- together.
A) would agree / had been heard B) have agreed / have been heard C) were agreed / will be heard D) agreed / would be heard
E) had agreed / were heard
57. When he moved from Ethiopia where he ---, to England, his experiences --- quite unlike those of his contemporaries at school.
A) had been born / were
B) is born / will be
C) would be born / would be D) has been born / are E) was born / will be
58. It's not considered safe to leave your computer on when you are not in the office, so you --- do so.
A) don't have to
B) mustn't
C) needn't D) haven't got to E) don't need to
59. If she --- to the interview in a more positive state of mind, she --- a better impression.
A) will go / would make B) goes / has made
C) had gone / might have made
D) would go / had made E) has gone / makes
60. While the parades for the opening of parliament ---, the president --- a sobering message for his countrymen.
A) had rehearsed / prepared
B) have been rehearsed / has prepared
C) were being rehearsed / was preparing
D) are rehearsing / is preparing E) had been rehearsed / would prepare
61. Though we still --- a long way to go, a lot --- in developing new medical procedures to deal with diseased tissue.
A) had had / had been accomplished B) had / has been accomplished C) have had / was accomplished D) are having / was being accomplished
E) have / is being accomplished
62. Soon, customs officers --- to use X-ray technology --- cavities in vehicles for drugs.
A) have been able / having scanned B) are able / scanning
C) were able / to be scanned D) will be able /to scan
E) would have been able / to have scanned
63. As acquisition opportunities within the EU --- less, western European energy companies --- to turn eastwards in the hunt for expansion opportunities.
A) grow / are being forced
B) will grow / would have been forced C) are growing / would be forced D) have grown / had been forced E) grew / have been forced
64. If Britain --- the euro, say in 2014, the stability pact --- highly important.
A) will be joining / is becoming
B) has joined / will have become
C) will have joined / will become D) would join / has become E) were to join / would become
65. Whatever else --- the British empire for so long, it was not Britain's education system.
A) was sustained B) has sustained C) sustains
D) sustained
E) to have sustained
66. Julius Caesar ____ a great historian if the making of history ____ him the time and the inclination to write it.
A) could be / could have allowed B) would be / allowed
C) had been / would have allowed D) would have been / could allow
E) could have been / had allowed
67. Early in 1940, when Europe was already at war, Hitler ____ the sale of uranium from the Czech mines he ____ over.
A) has banned / has taken B) had banned / took
C) banned / had taken
D) bans / was taking
E) was banning / had been taking
68. Physics, as it ____ at the end of the nineteenth
century, ____ to as classical physics.
A) has been known / might be referred B) is known / has been
C) had been known / had been referred
D) was known / is referred
E) might have been known / was referred
69. Sometimes people select certain foods that they
believe ____ their physical appearance and avoid
those they believe ____ detrimental.
A) have improved / would have been B) are improving / were
C) improve / might be
D) improved / had been
E) would have improved / have been
70. Much health education in recent years ____ towards the view that heavy drinker ____ is subject for amusement but for practical help.
A) has been directed / is not
B) had been directed / was not C) was being directed / wouldn't be D) is directed / won't be
E) is being directed / hasn't been
71. It is not unusual for advertising campaigns ____
even before the new products ____ onto the market.
A) to have been launched / have come B) being launched / will come
C) to be launched / come
D) having been launched / are coming E) to have been launched / will have come
72. Professional tennis, which got its start in 1926
when the French player Suzanne Lenglen ______ 50,000 US dollars for a tour, only _____ full recognition
in 1968.
a) had been paid / has received
b) was paid / received
c) has been paid / would receive d) is paid / receives
e) would be paid / had received
73. Once the director ______ just how much was at stake, he ______ immediate steps to deal with the dispute.
a) realizes / will take b) has realized / had taken
c) had realized / took
d) realized / takes
e) would realize / has taken
74. The once radical notion that birds ______ from dinosaurs ______ stronger and stronger since
paleontologists first started taking it seriously a couple of decades ago.
a) descended / has grown
b) have descended / grew c) had descended / had grown d) descend / is growing e) are descending / was growing
75. Throughout his term in office, President Clinton ________________ by allegations relating to the Whitewater real estate deal in which he and his wife, Hillary Clinton, ________________ prior to the 1992
election.
a) is dogged / are involved b) had been dogged / were involved
c) was dogged / had been involved
d) has been dogged / have been involved e) was being dogged / may have been involved
76. Before I got to the end of his article I felt I knew
everything there _____ about the North America Free Trade Agreement. A) was to know B) is known C) had known D) is being known E) has to be known
77. By the time he _____ his report to the screening committee, others _____ up with better proposals.
A) has presented / had come
B) presents / will have come
C) will present / came
D) had presented / would have come E) was presenting / will be coming
78. One feels that there _____ any noticeable improvement in the human rights problem in Africa
until all the African countries _____ their economic difficulties.
A) cannot be / will overcome B) hasn’t been / had overcome
C) won’t be / overcome
D) wouldn’t be / would be overcome E) wasn’t / have overcome
79. As I _____ you yesterday, the undersecretary _____ over this afternoon’s discussions.
A) have told / was presiding
B) told / will be presiding
C) would have told / had presided D) will tell / has presided E) would tell / has been presiding
80. The Pacific markets _____ extremely competitive
since the manufacturing capacity of many Far Eastern countries _____ to improve at the turn of the decade.
A) are becoming / begins B) had become / would begin C) became / have begun
D) were becoming / would have begun
E) have become / began
81. If they _____ out some market research for the new product they _____ such heavy losses in sales.
A) have carried / had been spared B) carried / will be spared C) carry / have been spared
D) had carried / could have been spared
E) would have carried / were spared
82. Jane Tate will go far in the film world since she has a remarkable talent for ____ even the most conflicting emotions.
A) depicting
B) having depicted C) being depicted D) depict
E) having been depicted
83. Today coffee prices are far below the required rate; hence, growers are unable to pay their debts and cooperatives find it hard ____ .
A) surviving B) survive
C) to survive
D) survived E) to have survived
84. For several years now she ____ as private secretary to the bank manager.
A) has been working
B) worked C) was working D) works E) used to work
85. When they heard a gunfire across the border, the relief workers in the camp knew that another group of refugees ____ before long.
A) are arriving B) had arrived C) will arrive
D) would be arriving
E) could have arrived
86. Last week’s supplementary budget package ____ to prevent Japans economy from plunging even lower.
A) is being designed B) has designed
C) was designed
D) would be designed E) had designed
87. In some quarters it isfelt that the minister ____ the political stature that he needs to recast the country’s economic policy.
A) was losing
B) may have lost
C) would have lost D) had lost E) lost
88. It is expected that, by mid-2008, the allied troops ____ out of the Gulf.
A) must be pulling
B) will have pulled
C) have pulled D) are being pulled E) should pull
89. Reinforced concrete was used for the new buildings ____ there should ever be another landslide in the vicinity. A) due to B) in spite of C) according to D) in case E) instead
90. The witness finally admitted that he did remember ____ someone standing by the entrance.
A) being seen B) to see C) to have seen D) having been seen
E) having seen
91. From the report, it lookedas if he ____ a crucial role in smuggling.
A) has played
B) had played
C) is playing D) has been played E) was played
92. It is time the members of the European Community ____ into the open their fears concerning economic recession. A) have brought B) should bring C) brought D) are bringing E) will bring
93. If you ask me, they seem to ____ the takeover for quite some time now.
A) have to contemplate B) contemplate
C) have been contemplating
D) be contemplated E) have been contemplated
94. Recently, the Agricultural Bank ____ to write off the debts of the farmers in the earthquake area.
A) was being instructed B) had instructed C) will be instructed D) instructed
E) has been instructed
95. If you really ____ to promote him, you ____ so right away.
A) are meaning / did B) meant / will have to do C) have meant / had to do
D) mean / must do
E) were meaning / had done
96. One way of ____ waste is ____ such things as glass and paper.
A) cut down / recycling
B) cutting down / to recycle
C) cutting down / recycle D) cut down / recycling
E) being cut down / to have recycled
97. No new staff ____ appointed since the two companies ____ merged.
A) are / would be B) were / have been C) are going to be / have D) would have been / are being
E) have been / were
98. Today the telephone ____ an indispensable part of our daily life but ____ so.
A) had been / had not always been B) has been / is not always
C) is / has not always been
D) will be / would not always be E) was / couldn’t always have been
99. In the end I ____ him for the election since the attitude of the delegates ____ so completely.
A) didn’t propose / had changed
B) have proposed / will change C) am proposing / would have changed D) could not have proposed / is changing E) had not proposed / changed
100. I ____ him taking notes frantically while the minister ____ the troops.
A) saw / had addressed
B) could see / was addressing
C) see / was addressing
D) had seen / would be addressing E) have seen / addressed
101. Weren't they supposed _____ a detailed study of the area before they chose the site for the new factory? A) to have to make B) to have made C) making D) having made E) to be made
102. Since he became the chairman of the company he _____ used to working late, and he seems to enjoy it. A) has got B) gets C) was getting D) had got E) will be getting
103. Until the very last minute we could not find out
whether or not he _____ to sign the treaty.
A) will agree B) would agree C) has agreed D) is going to agree E) has to agree
104. By the end of 2012, all the countries in the European Community _____ a political union.
A) formed B) have formed C) are forming D) are being formed
E) will have formed
105. The banks complained that they _____ adequate notice regarding this new monetary policy.
A) are not being given B) are not given C) haven't given
D) had not been given
E) will not be giving
106. Hardly ever _____ such a gathering of distinguished scientists from so many different countries.
A) there was B) there has been
C) has there been
D) would there have been E) there had been
107. The rescue workers _____ able to rescue some of those who _____ still alive under the rubble.
A) should be / were
B) may be / are
C) might have been / have been D) will be / would be
E) were / will be
108. The physicist I work with was bitterly disappointed ____ that his experiments had not produced the desired results.
A) learning
B) on learning
C) having learned D) to be learned E) to be learning
109. ____ able to get hold of any new supporting evidence since I saw you last?
A) Will you be B) Would you be
C) Have you been
D) Had you been E) Are you
110. Following a noticeable improvement in the general economic scene, unemployment too, seems
____ a turn for the better.
A) having taken
B) to have taken
C) to be taken D) taking
E) to have been taken
111. For nearly a decade most governments in the world ____ to find ways of combating environmental problems.
A) were tried B) would have tried C) try
D) could try
E) have been trying
112. By the end of this term of office, he ____ all the projects he has already undertaken.
A) has completed
B) will have completed
C) completed D) had completed E) is completing
113. Before the nationwide vaccination campaign ___, the infant mortality rate ____ to an alarming extent.
A) is being introduced / would rise B) will be introduced / rose C) had been introduced / has risen D) will be introduced / was rising
E) was introduced / had risen
114. It wouldn’t have surprised me if he ____ after that incident. A) resigned B) had resigned C) were to resign D) has resigned E) would’ve resigned
115. If we are to get out of this political mess, someone ____ the lead, and the sooner they start the better.
A) has taken B) should have taken C) had to take D) must have taken
E) will have to take
116. It is hoped that by 2050, the growth rate of the world population ____ substantially.
A) will have been curbed
B) would have been curbed C) has been curbed D) will curb
117. Obviously there ____ a remarkable improvement in the condition of the patient since he ____ surgery.
A) is / undergoes B) was / has undergone C) will be / had undergone
D) has been / underwent
E) would have been / would undergo
118. By the time Brahms ____ to compose his symphonies, this form ____ well established.
A) was beginning / would have been B) had begun / was
C) began / had been
D) has begun / has been E) would begin / would be
PART II (other subjects)
1. Naturally I will come to you for advice whenever I feel in need of ____ . A) them B) one C) some D) none E) a few
2. We’ve had some pretty good directors over two years but Dr Radeliffe is ____ the most capable of them all. A) by far B) over all C) just so D) as much E) too much
3. The committee showed their wholehearted approval of the designs he submitted and ____ .
A) me, too
B) so did I
C) so have I D) so we do E) we also have
4. Could this possibly be the firm’s new buyer ____ reputation, if we are able to believe the newspapers, is not quite what it should be.
A) whom B) which C) whatever D) what E) whose
5. ____ takes on the task of investigating these particular allegations is going to run into a lot of difficulties. A) Someone B) Anyone C) Whatsoever D) Whoever E) Whichever
6. ____ he gives the appearance of sincerity and reliability, just remember that you can’t trust him an inch. A) Though B) That C) As far as D) Nevertheless E) So
7. ____ hard he works, he’ll never be the equal of his father, he’s just not capable of it.
A) So
B) However
C) As D) Whatever E) Just as
8. We know nothing at all about the company’s new chairman ____ that he’s just had his fiftieth birthday.
A) since B) instead C) in case D) on condition E) except
9. For a business to be really successful, team work is essential and the members of team must be support of ____ .
A) each of them B) the others C) themselves
D) one another
E) the other one
10. I was forced to admit that there was a drop in sales towards the end of the year _____ he had predicted.
A) such as B) even so C) in case D) just as E) so far as
11. Under these circumstances he should never have been allowed to take charge of the operation _____ he was the most senior of the officers available.
A) why ever B) whether C) even though D) whenever E) so that
12. Why can’t you admit that _____ hard he works, he will never manage to achieve what his elder brother has achieved? A) unless B) whatsoever C) though D) whenever E) however
13. Many more people would doubtless have attended the debate _____ they had known in advance who the principal speakers were.
A) if only B) while C) since D) after E) until
14. If our delegates hadn’t shown themselves willing to come to terms, those from other countries _____
A) would be, too. B) wouldn’t have, either.
C) had not, either.
D) have had, too. E) would have, too.
15. I’ve given up expecting them to act sensibly but their behaviour on this occasion was ____ irrational than usual. A) the most B) so much C) even more D) ever so E) the more
16. ____ of the questions they asked at the interview were ____ what I expected.
A) Some / more B) Each / such C) All / so D) Any / about E) None / quite
17. When the relief workers reached the scene of the disaster, they immediately began to help _____ who could do nothing for _____ .
A) that / himself B) them / their C) those / themselves D) these / ourselves E) us / yourself
18. The very idea of establishing a literary ‘canon’ has become _____ controversial that the people running the Library of America have wisely avoided using the term. A) too B) as C) such D) so E) more
19. They haven’t met for twelve years or more, but I understand they still write to _____ at a regular interval. A) the other B) each other C) themselves D) the others E) one other
20. It was foolish of me to turn down such an offer; in fact _____ I think about it, _____ I regret it.
A) as much / so much more B) the more / as much C) much / as much D) the most / so much
E) the more / the more
21. The answer to the question ____ great art can exist independently of religion will, ____ , depend on society’s moral and aesthetic values.
A) what / in the same way B) even if / in due course C) whether / to a large extent D) so that / in short
E) since / now and again
22. Thailand has lost half of its forests ____ its population has ____ doubled in recent decades. A) as / more than B) just as / mostly C) so as / soon D) in case / quite E) because of / much
23. Clifford Goertz, probably ____ famous anthropologist in the world today, has revolutionised the way anthropology is taught on campuses.
A) more B) most C) the most D) the more E) a
24. Holding a yellow umbrella in his hand he said he didn’t know ____ it was, and added that it was not ____ . A) which / him B) whose / his C) who / her D) whom / us E) that / theirs
25. The Deputy Prime Minister announced that it was ____ early to propose amendments in the legislation concerning industrial relations.
A) as well as B) just so C) just as D) as soon as
E) as yet too
26. Activists are those in a political movement who
insist on taking active steps towards their objectives ____ merely putting forward an action program.
A) in order to B) rather than C) as far as D) in that E) so long as
27. He is diplomatically qualified ____ to negotiate for a mutual reduction of the armed forces in the region. A) enough
B) though C) as well as D) not only E) also
28. As he was not satisfied with the contents of the document, he declined to sign it, and none of the members attempted to persuade him to, ____ .
A) also B) too C) as well
D) either
E) yet
29. Of all the policies put into effect by the Thatcher governments ____controversial was the economic one. A) most B) the more C) the most D) more E) mostly
30. If the others hadn’t voted in favor of the younger candidate, I probably wouldn’t have done so ____ .
A) even B) too C) also D) as well E) either
31. Today the expansion of knowledge in astronomy, physics, chemistry, and biology is ____ vast and complex, and multiplying ____ quickly to be mastered fully. A) so / that B) just as / as C) as well / as D) so / so E) too / too
32. Scientists rely on computers to model phenomena ____ would ____ be difficult to observe.
A) whereby / in case B) such as / nonetheless C) which / nevertheless D) that / otherwise E) so that / in fact
33. The lawyer decided to call ____ of the witnesses only and paid no attention to ____ .
A) both / others B) the two / any other
C) two / the others
D) some / another E) any / some others
34. Several experts were working on the project, and each came up with some interesting proposals, and naturally ____ claimed that ____ was the best.
A) many /each B) some / its C) we / it D) all / he
E) each / his
35. ____ the embargo imposed on us is lifted in the near future, we can’t hope for any economic recovery.
A) Whereas B) While C) Because D) In case
36. ____ proving useful in many scientific fields, computers-generated knowledge, ____ Professor Hayes acknowledges, is not without pitfalls.
A) Although / because B) Since / while
C) While / as
D) As long as / even if E) Once / whether or not
37. ____ suggestion he may make as regards the tax rate, let’s not give any response ____ we have discussed the matter thoroughly together.
A) However / when
B) Whatever / until
C) Why ever / after D) Whatsoever / while E) Whenever / before
38. I don’t imagine he wrote the speech ____ but ____ did so, certainly made a good job of it.
A) for them / whomsoever B) of his / somebody C) by him / they
D) himself / whoever
E) themselves / whichever
39. As ____ of our employees can afford cars of ____ own, they all have to rely on public transport.
A) few / them B) some / his C) none / their D) most / our E) many / its
40. There are situations ____ the best way to heal the patient is to help him die peacefully.
A) from where B) in that C) whence D) for whom
E) in which
41. He’s certainly going to recommend that the changes in the structure of the company be introduced step by step, and ____ .
A) so I am B) so am I C) so do I D) I do, too E) I also do
42. Do you really believe that the party programme ____ it now stands, is democratic ____ to influence the vote in our favour.
A) as / enough B) since / also C) where / as well D) such as / too E) that / even
43. Private investments play ____ important a part in the country’s long-running economic expansion ____ no government dares to increase taxation on personal savings. A) too / that B) such / as C) much / so D) so / that E) as / as
44. His proposals ____ the new social security policy seems more viable than any of the others.
A) by way of B) due to C) owing to D) in case of E) as regards
45. ____ the recent rise in unemployment largely affects eastern Germany, there is considerable unrest in western Germany, too.
A) Since B) In case C) Although D) Unless E) Until
46. ____ he was campaigning for re-election last year, he promised that ____ re-elected, he would undertake to restructure the party.
A) Wherever / lest B) Because / while C) As / since D) While / unless
E) When / if
47. Germany’s weight in the European Union is known
,
____ what is not known, even to the Germans themselves, is ____ they are to use it.A) but / how B) in case / because C) unless / why D) lest / until E) otherwise / where
49. It won’t be easy to find a replacement for him, for ____ takes over is likely to meet the same fate.
A) what B) which C) wherever D) whoever E) whichever
50. The majority of ____ are apprehensive about new computer programmes, until we’ve actually tried them out for ____ . him / himself us / ourselves them / themselves ours / us theirs / ours
51. Apparently, the talks held between the two governments concerning the prevention of drug-trafficking have not been constructive ____ to produce any positive results.
A) just B) as well C) also D) enough E) so that
52. As far as I remember, it was in China that they first met and got interested in the dam project, ____?
don’t I wasn’t it do I was it did they
53. The East European countries are strongly convinced that European Economic aid
,
____ welcome, is not a substitute for market access and eventual membership of the European Union.A) just as B) lest C) since D) when E) though
54. One gathers from the press that a large majority of the people are not in favour of the impeachment proceedings, and, frankly, I’m not, ____ .
A) either B) too C) also D) as well E) even so
55. The fundamental problem for North Africa is that the region has ____ people ____ the arid environment can support.
A) not only / but also B) so many / that C) such / as
D) more / than
E) as much / as
56. Fish farming in the world seems to be destined to expand, but it is ____ early to predict the likely extent of growth in this field.
A) as well B) enough
C) too
D) as E) so far
57. We are confident that the management and the workforce will get on well together as long as ____ respects ____ .
A) the other / another B) both / itself C) the one / another D) everyone / themselves
E) each / the other
58. The term "aborigines" signifies the original inhabitants of any country, ____ the native tribes of Australia. A) with regard to B) due to C) in spite of D) in particular E) according to
59. Today the United States, still by far ____ prosperous country in the world, is increasing its working hours ____ creating a more positive balance between work and leisure time.
A) the more / as well as B) most / in spite of C) more / than
D) the most / instead of
E) the / just as
60. In developing new collective defence policies, America and her European allies will ____ be drawn closer together ____ drift irreversibly apart.
A) either / or
B) not only / but also C) so / that
D) both / and E) just as / so
61. The telephone is at the centre of innovative technologies ____ may alter forever ____ we receive and use information.
A) which / but B) so that / since C) that / how D) as / although E) whereas / in case
62. The editor thought that the new series of articles would prove very popular, but actually hardly ____ seems to have been impressed by it.
A) nobody
B) anyone
C) the other D) any other E) somebody
63. Originally the sonnet was an Italian poetical form which attained great popularity in the Renaissance, and ____ it was natural
,
____ not essential for Shakespeare and his contemporaries to use it.A) hence / if B) while / though
C) since / however D) furthermore / rather than E) already / even
64. David Dickinson’s new play is a fairy-tale romance, ____ a pregnant woman searches for the father of her child during a torrential rainstorm.
A) who B) by whom C) that D) in which E) whose
65. The true ecologist need not be a specialist at all
,
____ his views should reflect the practical wisdom of ordinary people. A) for B) where C) whether D) in case E) that66. ____ half of the budget of the US National Institute on Ageing is spent on research into Alzheimer’s disease. A) As much as B) More of C) Rather than D) Other E) The most
67. Great natural disasters cause ____ widespread death ____ massive social disruption and outbreaks of epidemic disease.
A) much / as B) so much / that
C) not only / but also
D) as / as
E) no sooner / than
68. Though they had ____ government backing ____ a
potential home market, the company poured billions of
dollars into the project and lost everything.
A) with / less B) neither / nor C) some / any D) no / without E) few / more
69. More importantly, Dobson's book is a reminder of ____ powerful and radical green thinking can be.
A) ever so B) how far C) wherever D) much more E) just how
70. You didn't have to invite all those people out for lunch, so why ____? A) didn't you B) did you C) have you D) haven't you E) don't you
71. The failure so far to produce evidence of life on any planet but ____ has given continued strength to the belief in the uniqueness of Earth.
A) us B) their
C) ours
D) our E) them
72. The problem with antiseptics is that ____ killing germs they ____ kill the surrounding tissues.
A) far / from B) so far as / too C) as much as / both D) besides / as well
73. Beethoven’s seventeen string quartet’s hold ____ the same position in chamber music ____ his symphonies hold in the orchestral repertoire.
A) as / that
B) much / as
C) quite / whether D) just / what E) thus / than
74. More than ____ invention of the last eighty years or so, television has been the most harmful to family life.
A) some other B) another C) the other D) any more
E) any other
75. Our sales are down again this month, ____.
A) and they also are
B) and so are theirs
C) and neither are theirs D) but theirs aren't either E) but they are too
76. Several important ports, ____ export timber, are situated on the shores of the White Sea.
A) most of which
B) that many of them C) those which D) whichever of them E) of which they
77. Diesel engines are more efficient than gasoline engines ____ the fact that a larger proportion of the fuel used is burned.
A) consequently B) following
C) owing to
D) contrary to E) so that
79. Let's take the ferry to Bandırma from where it's only a short drive to Bursa, ____ driving all the way from Istanbul to Bursa.
A) as well as B) more than C) besides D) instead of E) except for
81. Some anthropologists think that man today is ____ honest _____ he was hundreds and thousands of years ago.
A) much / as B) the less / than C) the least / of D) little / as
E) less / than
82. Until the eighteenth century comparative linguistic studies did not progress ____ beyond the stage where ancient Greek and Roman grammarians had left them. A) so much as
B) too much C) either D) very much E) just in case
84. Of the company's three accountants, only one is useful; --- deserve to be sent away.
A) they both B) all the others
C) both the others
D) each one E) each of them
85. The young sociologist --- article was published in the "National Geographic" had traveled 1700 miles across Australia's western wilderness.
A) whose
B) who
C) that
D) which E) whom
90. The micro air vehicles they are working on are ---
small that it will be almost impossible to detect them with radar. A) too B) as C) such D) so E) more
91. The members of the special commission on crime, some of --- were appointed by the mayor, still meet on a regular basis. A) that B) whose C) whom D) who E) which
92. --- the Civil War, those years turned out to be a golden era for the magazine industry.
A) Despite
B) Obviously C) Although D) Pertaining to E) Nevertheless
96. Following four Mars mission losses, an independent report paints a very clear picture of --- what ails the US space programme, --- what must be done to fix it
A) whether / though B) either / or C) how / and D) thus / that
E) not only / but also
97. Basically a country has two objectives in imposing tariffs; one is to raise revenue for government, --- is to protect home industries by raising the price of competing goods from abroad.
A) other B) both C) another
D) the other
E) each
98. This part of Africa is growing greener again --- that families who fled to wetter coastal regions are starting to go home. A) so far B) to such an extent C) even so D) as a result E) even more
99. More than 29 million Africans are now infected with HIV, and the disease is killing Africans --- all the continent's wars combined.
a) so many / as b) either / or
c) more / than
d) not only / but also e) both / and
100. He did --- better in the interview --- any of the other applicants.
a) much / as
b) rather / than
c) as / for d) still / with e) far / from
102. Photosynthesis is the process --- green plants manufacture carbohydrates, using the energy of sunlight. a) as when b) on which c) where d) by which e) since
104. Diesel engines are more efficient than gasoline engines ____ the fact that a larger proportion of the fuel used is burned.
consequently following
owing to
contrary to so that
110. Galileo originated the method of controlled
experiment ____ now forms the basis of scientific investigation. A) what B) who C) where D) whom E) which
113. I was lucky enough to get home _____ the thunderstorm was beginning.
A) till B) so as to C) in time for D) up to
E) just as
114. She is one of those rare critics ____ judgements
have a common sense basis.
A) what B) which C) whom
D) whose
E) that
115. ‘The Old Wives’ Tale is one of _____ impressive novels I have read for a long time.
a more most the most least the little
116. _____ of the information he gave me was unfortunately out of date.
The more None Many
Some
Another
117. He was delighted to learn that _____ people really do appreciate his music.
A) any B) little C) a little D) a few E) much
118. I have to admit I found his argument most disturbing, _____ ? A) have you B) haven’t you C) didn’t you D) do you E) don’t you
122. I finally learned what had happened ____ the nurse was wheeling him into the operating room.
A) in case B) so that C) just as D) during E) as soon as
123. Living conditions in a poor village are obviously unhygienic
,
____ life in a sophisticated city is also potentially dangerous. A) since B) but C) as D) moreover E) even though124. A child who is allowed to explore and find things out for ____ soon develops self-confidence.
themselves him each other
himself
one another
125. Apparently both countries are seeking a face-saving compromise but it is unlikely that ____ will ever again gain the confidence of the world.
A) each B) neither
C) either
D) the other E) the rest
126. Probably they didn’t ____ appreciate the risks involved in entering the competitive world of automobile manufacture. A) too B) quite C) more D) so E) as
127. For a while Matisse felt under the influence of
Goya, and later under ____ of Cezanne.
these those some much
that
128. The new Prime Minister is generally regarded as ____ effective leaders the country has had in decades.
A) another B) the most C) the other
D) one of the most
E) more than
130. A number of distinguished physicians were invited to give ____ opinions on family planning.
A) ours B) its C) it’s D) their E) own
131. The lecture he gave was highly complicated with the result that ____ people were capable of following it. A) lesser B) a few C) few D) more E) most
132. Of the rock samples we have so far worked on, this is probably ____ valuable.
A) the most B) most C) many D) little E) least
133. I couldn’t help admiring the professional manner in ____ he dealt with the crisis.
whose that whom which what
134. ____ far reaching the benefits of the new policy may be, the country quite simply cannot afford it.
A) Whatever B) However C) Whatsoever D) Wherever E) Whenever
135. ____ the interest rates are concerned, it looks as if the inflation has at least been curbed.
As far as
Owing to By way of Just as As regards
135. As far as I am concerned he is one of ____ talented lawyers the company has ever had.
A) most B) the most C) more D) mostly E) least
136. Some of the board members are convinced that the price quoted is ____ high to be accepted.
A) more B) so C) little D) too E) as
137. John said he couldn't make it on Tuesday or Wednesday; I told him I couldn’t ____ .
A) either B) also C) too D) neither E) as well
138. I suspect the most interesting developments in space exploration have been the most recent ones, ____ ? A) aren’t are B) are they C) is it D) do I E) haven’t they
139. Surely we’re in a position now ____ we can afford to pay for the best legal advice.
A) where B) which C) what D) that E) whom
140. ____ decision he makes we’ll have to accept it.
Whenever Whatever Whatsoever Wherever Whoever
142. Why don't you take your lawyer with you to the meeting _____ there are problems he can deal with for you? A) whether B) even if C) as ever D) unless E) in case
143. _____ of the information he gave could have been found in any encyclopaedia.
A) A few B) Many C) Few D) Much E) A great many
144. The director has promised that _____ finds a solution to this particular problem will be well awarded. A) who B) whoever C) the one D) whomsoever E) anyone
146. Several members of the research team haven't handed in their reports yet, and I must admit I haven't _____ A) as well B) too C) either D) also E) neither
147. The judge ruled that the evidence given by the witnesses at the trial was not substantial _____ to prove the doctor guilty of negligence.
A) already B) alright
C) enough
D) fairly E) still
148. As regards the decision to modernise the mines in the region, here is a report which contains ____ relevant information. A) another B) any C) many D) a E) some
149. Of all the medicines we have tested, this is obviously ____ effective. much more the most a little less
150. An hour after the accident he was conscious ____ to describe how it had happened.
A) enough B) more C) as well D) so much E) fairly
151. The project he has in mind is ____ complicated to be feasible. A) very B) too C) so D) such E) as
152. This patient is not as seriously ill as ____ I examined a little while ago.
A) whom B) other C) some other D) one another E) the one
153. The manager told Brian to do the job ____ and not pass it on to ____ assistant. ourselves / their themselves / hers himself / ours himself / his yourself / my
154. Recently he’s had a novel published, the title of ____ I can’t recall at the moment.
A) which B) whom C) whose D) what E) that
155. Clearly, you weren’t very impressed by the way he managed the press conference; I must say I wasn’t ____ . A) neither B) too C) either D) as well E) also
156. It is just possible that there is ____ reason behind his refusal of this award.
A) other B) another C) the others D) any E) rather
157. Even in classical times there were people with a ____ ethical approach to education than one can find in our time. few most more little much
158. Local authorities have always given ____ importance to the improvement of recreational facilities. A) any B) some C) too D) quite E) many
159. There were many casualties on both sides, but more on the enemy side than ____ .
A) ours B) them C) we D) their E) our
160. The government is determined to improve the communications system ____ the costs involved will be a serious burden on the budget.
A) so that B) while C) despite D) as if E) even though
161. ____ well one may think of him, one must admit that he’s too old for the job.
So Although Even However As
162. Have you seen the display of the books written by the visiting professor ____ is going to talk this afternoon on the future of the European Community?
A) whose B) whom C) who D) which E) what
163. The minister said to his under-secretary: “You will check that all the details are correct, ____ ?”
A) aren’t you B) will you C) could you D) won’t you E) are they
164. Though he got other people to do research for him in the archives he ____ wrote the whole report
A) too B) himself C) also D) as well E) thus
165. At present ____ car is being repaired so we shall have to go in ____ . A) my / yours B) mine / your C) their / us D) his / our E) hers / theirs
168. ____ wins will be expected to take the rest of us for a meal. A) Whoever B) Who C) Whomever D) Whomsoever E) Whatever
169. Today, ____ rapid transportation and communications, the whole world is becoming one community with common economic interests.
A) as long as B) in spite of C) just as D) because of E) such as
170. Of all the drugs that have been prescribed so far, this has proved to be ____ effective one.
A) most B) the most C) more D) just as E) the more
171. Under the present circumstances we don’t have to take the case to the court ____ ?
A) do we B) have we C) is it D) isn’t it E) don’t we
172. It was clear that he wasn’t impressed by the way the business was run, and I must admit ____ .
A) I also was B) I did too
C) I wasn’t either
D) neither did I E) so did I
PART III (preposition)
1. On that occasion, he really was ____ luck; it was as if every thing had combined ____ him.
A) up to / through B) away from / behind
C) out of / against
D) into / upon E) onto / over
2. Few sociologists will admit that a city is distinct
____ a village merely ____ the number of its inhabitants. A) of / for B) from / by C) to / over D) in / though E) off / in
3. The scheme has been _____ consideration for a long time now, but I doubt whether it will ever be put _____ effect. under / into within / through for / to in / off over / ever
4. It was _____ his efforts that the two sides finally agreed to hold talks _____ the principles of economic cooperation. A) by / through B) ever / for C) through / on D) with / at E) without / from
5. Economic recession and rising unemployment,
coupled ____ continued increases ____ retail food prices, have curtailed consumption.
A) with / in B) through / through C) by / for D) at / about E) within / over
6. In Ethiopia, primitive farming practices and uncontrolled clearing of natural vegetation have transformed much of the country’s highlands ____ bare landscapes, but all destroyed ____ erosion.
A) above / of B) for / with C) into / by D) in / under E) to / at
7. The advance in the steel industry has been marked
____ a progressive increase ____ size, complexity and capital outlay. A) at / of B) with / to C) over / from D) by / in E) under / through
8. We are prevented ____ completing the project ____ time due to unforeseen circumstances.
A) from / on B) in / by C) by / in D) at / over E) for / about
9. The Hollywood studio system in film making, which began ____ 1920 and flourished from the early 1930s
____ the 1950s is unique in Western culture.
A) throughout / into B) around / through C) by / until D) within / over E) along/ till
10. ____ the terms of the forthcoming trade agreement, Japan wins parity ____ the United States.
A) Through / above B) By / of C) From / from D) Under / with E) After / over
11. We have yet to take ____ consideration the problem of how large future national armies should eventually be, regardless ____ their current size.
A) onto / at B) in / in C) for / with D) under / from E) into / of
12. They claim that their aim is to establish long term cooperation ____ their customers, ____ a basis of partnership and mutual trust.
for / over with / on by / through from / in among / for
13. The collapse of Rome left ____ its wake a large variety of ethnic communities ____ which modern European states emerged.
before / of at / through over / by in / from within / with
14. Although the American writer Katherine Anne Porter used a variety of places ____ the setting of her short stories and novels, she frequently came ____ to the scenes of her early days.
A) through / over B) within / in
C) for / back
D) without / for E) under / up
15. British TV is still stuck ____ a regulatory structure designed ____ a bygone age.
A) off / within B) up / in C) away / by D) through / over E) with / for
16. In their discussions concerning the proposed defence strategies, NATO diplomats found they could not agree ____ what the alliance was ____ , what weapons it would threaten to use and in what circumstances. A) on / for B) about / into C) with / over D) by / about E) before / through
17. Infectious diseases are those which are caused
____ an invasion of the body ____ organisms from outside. A) through / with B) by / by C) over / through D) in / without E) upon / within
