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Başlık: Sakarya-Düzce-Bolu-Ereğli Demiryolu Projesi (1910-1917)Yazar(lar):Cilt: 38 Sayı: 65 Sayfa: 327-360 Yayın Tarihi: 2019 PDF

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SAKARYA-DÜZCE-BOLU-(5(ö/ø'(0ø5<2/8

352-(6ø(1910-1917)



THE PROJECT OF SAKARYA-DÜZCE-BOLU-(5(ö/ø

RAILWAY (1910-1917)



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Özet

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Abstract

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