View of Design And Development Of Optimum Energy Management System For Covid Protection

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Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education V ol.12 No.12 (2021), 2463-2468

Research Article

Design And Development Of Optimum Energy Management System For Covid

Protection

J Saikiran

1

_{, M Chandrakanth Reddy}

2

_{, G Purandeswar Reddyj}

3

_{, V Sainath Reddy}

4

_{, DR}

.Rohini Deshpande

5

1_{Electronics and Communication Engineering, REVA University, (INDIA)}

Article History: Received: 11 January 2021; Revised: 12 February 2021; Accepted: 27 March 2021; Published online: 23 May 2021

Abstract: The energy utilization of building speaks to a large part of the world’s aggregate energy utilization. With a specific end goal to accomplish this venture is created to screen the number of people entering and as well as leaving a room. This is a favored method for controlling electrical loads by ‘exchanging on’ the lights as the first person enter, and after that turning off as the last person leave. The task is intended to monitor the number of people entering and in as well as leaving a room. Electrical loads are switched ON as the first person enters and switches OFF when the last person leaves out. IR sensors utilized as a part of a mix with the ESP 32(MCU) to screen every one of the tasks. This aide in sparing part of vitality.

Keywords: Energy optimization,Esp 32.

1. Introduction

In recent years, due to the unnecessary wastage of electrical energy in residential buildings, the requirement of energy optimization and user comfort has gained vital importance. In the literature, various techniques have been proposed addressing the energy optimization problem. The goal of each technique is to maintain a balance between user comfort and energy requirements, such that the user can achieve the desired comfort level with the minimum amount of energy consumption. Researchers have addressed the issue with the help of different optimization algorithms and variations in the parameters to reduce energy consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this problem is not solved yet due to its challenging nature. This paper presents an advanced Internet of Things (IoT) based system for intelligent energy management in buildings. A semantic framework is introduced aiming at the unified and standardized modeling of the entities that constitute the building environment. Suitable rules are formed, aiming at the intelligent energy management and the general modus operandi of Smart Building. In this context, an IoT-based system was implemented, which enhances the interactivity of the buildings’ energy management systems. Using Wi-Fi and esp 32.

(1) Energy Monitoring: Through communication networks, the consumption and generation of energy are monitored and logged in different granularities including the whole building, floors, departments, labs, rooms, and even occupants.

(2) Energy Modeling and Evaluation: Through off-line modeling and evaluation, identify the energy consumption patterns and factors that may influence the consumption and the extent of their impact.

(3) IoT System to Apply Practical Changes and Strategy Adjustments: The modeling and evaluation results are used to identify the key energy components of the building, to apply adjustments, and to devise strategies to reduce energy consumption. IoT based networking system is designed and prototyped to realize the strategies and achieve the goal.

Our research covers all the three aspects. We monitored and collected the building energy usage data for almost a year. Based on our data traces, we systematically identified the energy consumption patterns and explored potential methods to improve the energy efficiency. The results show that due to centralized and fixed pattern control, the actual running of green buildings may not be energy efficient even though they may be "green" by design. Inspired by "energy proportional computing" in modern computers

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Figure1: Block diagram for optimum energy management system.

In this system all the sensor and load are connected with ESP 32.for automation we write a program that if the temperature is more than 30 degree the fan should on, when the temperature comes less than 30 degree the fan shold off. When the room gets dark the light gets on otherwise the light gets off before the light on it will check the room intensity then control light. All the parameter are automatically uploaded in iot cloud we can monitor and control through the wifi .energy meter will indicate the load current in case of theft of power or any leakage of power. The ESP 32 is compatible with wifi function .the memory and speed is sufficient to our project .There are two pair sensors, each kept at certain distance from the other. One pair of sensor consists of a transmitter and a receiver, kept exactly opposite to each other. The transmitting part emits modulated IR light which is received at the receiver end and fed to a microcontroller of 8051 family.

When a person enters the room then microcontroller senses it (with the help of IR sensors) and increments the count and displays it on 7 segment displays and also switches ON the load. In the same way when a person exits the room, the count gets decremented. When the last person exits from the room, the lamp is switched OFF. The load operation is handled by a relay interfaced to the aurdino.

Alternating current (A.C) of 220V is fed into a stepdown transformer, which will stepdown the supply into a 12V A.C.

This 12V A.C is fed to Bridge Rectifier that will convert Alternating current to Pulsating D.C and it is connected to a Capacitor.

The filter converts the pulsating D.C into pure D.C.

Voltage Regulator will keep the power level stabilized from 12V to 5V.

This power supply is fed to LCD(16x2) and ESP-32 MCU(Micro controller unit) Since LCD is a 16 pinned device this in turn is connected to a interface called I2C

I2C stands for Inter integrated circuit, and is a simple 8-bit serial communication bus protocol that uses just 2 bus wires SDA (serial data wire), SCL (serial clock wire).

3. Algorithm and flow chart used:

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Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education V ol.12 No.12 (2021), 2463-2468

Research Article

Figure2: Flowchart showing the working flow of the system. 4. Energy sources and energy consumption

Around the world have brought business as usual to a standstill, the associated estimated decline in global energy demand means that carbon dioxide emissions decreased. For decline in global energy demand means that carbon dioxide emissions decreased. For example, in China, this reduction and the associated reduction in energy consumption means that by 2020, the total power consumed as a whole was expected to increase by more than 1000 megawatts (MW)—equivalent to 1.5% of the country’s total electricity consumption [63]. Study results show that spending more time at home to slow the corona virus spread is likely to increase household energy consumption and utility bills. While energy efficiency is a good antidote, implementing major energy modernization requires significant investment in one’s own home, enabling many customers to avoid their homes during a pandemic. Effective Management Practices for Sustainable Energy Resources Effective energy management includes many aspects featuring energy conservation, demand-side response, and energy efficiency [36]. For example, deep energy retrofits are part of the whole-building analysis and construction process, which can be achieved by modernizing lighting as well as heating, ventilation, and an air-conditioning (HVAC)system [37,38]. All of these are, for example, embedded into the concept of the so-called “smart house”. All these meters and sensors used for managing smart houses address many of these systems by adopting a “holistic” approach and combining energy efficiency improvements such as controlled ventilation, air conditioning, and energy-efficient lighting. Electronic interactive graphics and dashboards provide the opportunity to inform residents about their building’s energy and water consumption and might have an impact on their energy consumption and their demand-side response [39].Most countries have these meters and sensors controlled and managed using some form of specially designated authorities. For example, in the United States, advanced energy upgrade guidelines are governed by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the Department of Energy and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) [40]. Advanced guidelines for energy-related refurbishment and identifying possibilities for designing conversions are also available at, among other places, the Institute for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energies website. They have led health organizations such as hospitals, nursing homes, and nursing schools, and leading energy-efficient companies that introduced advanced energy and sustainability practices at their facilities. In addition to improving energy efficiency and reducing energy use, the Department of Energy has reduced the energy consumption of more than 1.5 million homes and businesses in the United States [41].Using advanced technologies that have emerged from laboratories, innovators in energy management came up with the share evidence-based technologies and market solutions that proved to help save energy. This constitutes a clear path to identifying straight forward ways to save money and energy. Various public and private sector organizations have started to optimize by implementing effective policies and practices for energy efficiency and renewable energy.

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Figure3: Graph showing region wise load compared with different dates. 5. Proposed methodology

Alternating current (A.C) of 220V is fed into a stepdown transformer, which will stepdown the supply into a 12V A.C.

This 12V A.C is fed to Bridge Rectifier that will convert Alternating current to Pulsating D.C and it is connected to a Capacitor.

The filter converts the pulsating D.C into pure D.C.

Voltage Regulator will keep the power level stabilized from 12V to 5V.

This power supply is fed to LCD(16x2) and ESP-32 MCU(Micro controller unit) Since LCD is a 16 pinned device this in turn is connected to a interface called I2C

I2C stands for Inter integrated circuit, and is a simple 8-bit serial communication bus protocol that uses just 2 bus wires SDA (serial data wire), SCL (serial clock wire).

5. Components ESP32:

ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. The ESP32 series employs a Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor in both dual-core and single-core variations and includes built-in antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and power-management modules. ESP32 is created and developed by Espressif Systems, a Shanghai-based Chinese company, and is manufactured by TSMC using their 40 nm process.[2] It is a successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller.

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Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education V ol.12 No.12 (2021), 2463-2468

Research Article

IR SENSOR:

An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device that measures and detects infrared radiation in its surrounding environment. Infrared radiation was accidentally discovered by an astronomer named William Herchel in 1800. There are two types of infrared sensors: active and passive. Active infrared sensors both emit and detect infrared radiation. Active IR sensors have two parts: a light emitting diode (LED) and a receiver. When an object comes close to the sensor, the infrared light from the LED reflects off of the object and is detected by the receiver. Active IR sensors act as proximity sensors, and they are commonly used in obstacle detection systems (such as in robots).

LDR SENSOR:

Photo resistors, also known as light dependent resistors (LDR), are light sensitive devices most often used to indicate the presence or absence of light, or to measure the light intensity. LDRs have a sensitivity that varies with the wavelength.

TEMPERATURE SENSOR: A temperature sensor is an electronic device that measures the temperature of its environment and converts the input data into electronic data to record, monitor, or signal temperature changes. There are many different types of temperature sensors. Some temperature sensors require direct contact with the physical object that is being monitored (contact temperature sensors), while others indirectly measure the temperature of an object (non-contact temperature sensors). Temperature sensors are used in automobiles, medical devices, computers, cooking appliances, and other types of machinery.

6. System software

There are many different types of programming languages used for programming the software. The programming is coded in Embedded

C. The programs are interfaced to Arduino boards. The languages supported by Arduino IDE are C and C++. The code requires some basic functions for starting the flow chart and the main program loop, that will be compiled and linked with a sub main() program into executive program with the GNU simulation tool including IDE distribution.

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7. Oppertunity for research

Optimum power management is used in Houses or Apartments to reduce power consumption.

This project can be used in Auditoriums and malls to keep the count of number of people entering and exiting. To monitor lights and fans in a room according to its temperature, light intensity and human presence. To avoid heavy crowded places or rooms.

8. Results

1) With this we can reduce power consumption by controlling electrical loads in a room according to its temperature,intensity and human presence.

2) It is used to monitor the number of people entering and exiting the room which helps to identify the number of persons present in a room.

9. Conclusion

Optimum power management is used in Houses or Apartments to reduce power consumption. This project can be used in Auditoriums and malls to keep the count of number of people entering and exiting.

To monitor lights and fans in a room according to its temperature, light intensity and human presence. To avoid heavy crowded places or rooms. To reduce power consumption by controlling electrical loads in a room according to its temperature, intensity and human presence

To monitor the number of people entering and exiting the room which helps to identify the number of persons present in a room

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