Türk Tıp Öğrencileri Birliği
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10
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kişi,
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DERECELER BİZDEN
Dr. Cemal Burak SİRKECİ
İSTANBUL TIP FAKÜLTESİ
T.Puan:
80.574
K.Puan:
80.356
2.
Dr. Ersin YAVUZ
CERRAHPAŞA (İngilizce)
TIP FAKÜLTESİ
T.Puan:
79.912
K.Puan:
80.529
2.
T.Puan:
80.828
K.Puan:
80.780
Dr. Burak DALKIRAN
1.
HACETTEPE TIP FAKÜLTESİ
KOÇ ÜNİV. TIP FAKÜLTESİ
T.Puan:
79.933
K.Puan:
78.809
Dr. Emine Meltem ÖNAL
4.
HACETTEPE TIP FAKÜLTESİ
T.Puan:
79.657
K.Puan:
80.105
Dr. Vedat YAMAN
4.
CERRAHPAŞA TIP FAKÜLTESİ
T.Puan:
79.648
K.Puan:
79.291
Dr. Tümay AK
7.
İSTANBUL TIP FAKÜLTESİ
T.Puan:
77.734
K.Puan:
78.973
Dr. Ahmet ÖZKAN
8.
CERRAHPAŞA TIP FAKÜLTESİ
T.Puan:
79.224
K.Puan:
78.585
Dr. Mehmet Onur GÖKALP
8.
İSTANBUL TIP FAKÜLTESİ
T.Puan:
78.438
K.Puan:
78.871
Dr. Mehmet YILDIZ
9.
EYLÜL 2019
TUS’ta
TUS’ta
EYLÜL 2019
33
TUS
29
BİRİNCİ
TUS tarihinin en yüksek puanlarını alan iki kişi bu sınavda TUSDATA’danİlk 20 soruya uygun ifadeyi bulunuz.
1. Tumors commonly do not ……2-3 mm in diameter in order to be sufficiently supplied by surrounding capillaries. A) exceed B) inform C) exhibit D) reinforce E) impose
2. The writers are of the belief that practicing acupuncture from a firm base in conventional medicine is likely to give the greatest ……..to patients. A) departure B) cohesion C) deception D) delivery E) benefit
3. Fasting is the voluntary staying away from food for a period, which can…….. 12 hours to 90 days in some cases. A) object to B) put out C) turn down D) range from E) prevent from
YABANCI DİL TESTİ
İNGİLİZCE
YABANCI DİL TESTLERİNİN CEVAP ANAHTARLARI BİRBİRİNDEN FARKLIDIR.
YABANCI DİLİNİZİ CEVAP KAĞIDINIZDA AYRILAN YERE İŞARETLEMEYİ UNUTMAYINIZ.
1. Cevap kağıdında, sınav yabancı dilinizi (İNGİLİZCE) işaretlemeyi unutmayınız.
2. Bu testten alacağınız standart puan, Genel puanınızın hesaplanmasında 0,7 katsayısı ile çarpılacaktır. 3. Bu testte 80 soru vardır.
4. Cevaplamaya istediğiniz sorudan başlayabilirsiniz
5. Sayfalar üzerinde boş yerleri müsvedde için kulllanabilirsiniz.
4. Letting pharmacists treat minor ailments and…… certain vaccines will allow physicians to increase their focus on patients that need them most.
A) imply B) administer C) react D) coincide E) comprise
5. As we become……..deformed - even in only tiny ways - different muscles learn to compensate.
A) primarily B) successively C) deliberately D) basically E) progressively
6. In type 2 diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin……..proper function, or the cells in the body do not react…….insulin.
A) at / against B) in / by C) off / with D) for / to E) of / via
7. The researchers investigating records of deaths in the time of Mozart’s death ……the age of 35……5 December 1791 believe that the composer may have died from a streptococcal throat infection.
A) by / in B) with / by C) at / on D) on / at E) under / within
8. Almost one in a thousand of the three billion DNA linings that…….the human genome varies between any two given individuals.
A) break into B) give in C) keep up D) make up E) put on
9. Turkish scientists ……..that they have devised a new emotion detector to search a driver’s face for signs of emotion, ………. to predict and prevent a road rage incident before it happens.
A) announced / aimed
B) had announced / to be aimed C) announce / to have been aimed D) have announced / will aim E) have announced / aiming
10. The Aztec book “Illumatiag” ……….about how Mesoamericans had advanced health systems and ……….accounts of the time approximately starting from 1345 to the arrival of the Spanish in 1519.
A) mentioned / were given B) has mentioned / would give C) was mentioned / gave D) mentions / gives
E) has been mentioned / have given
11. The curing power of this plant is not new, and the Mayan people are known………these plants for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago.
A) used B) to be used C) are using D) having used E) to have used
12. Dementia is a complex term which is used …… .different degenerative disorders …… a gradual loss of brain function - thinking, remembering and reasoning.
A)to be described / are triggered B)to describe / triggering C)for describing / trigger D)describing / have triggered
E)to be described / have been triggered
13. Fibrosis stems from a defective gene ………causes the creation of thick mucus in the lungs and pancreas, ………..to life-threatening breathing problems, lung infections and digestive problems.
A) which / leads B) in which / led C) where / to lead D) whose / to have led E) that / leading
14. The problems related to NSCLC cause huge obstacles, which might ... in our hospital by our staff ...they arise.
A) be addressed/should B) address/when C) be addressing /can D) addressed/could E) be addressed/unless
15. Scientists are of the opinion……human energy consumption from burning organic sources and other human activities have changed the chemical composition of the Earth’s atmosphere, …….. in turn will influence the behavior of global climate patterns.
A) the fact that / that B) why / where C) what / by which D) that / which E) which / whose
16. Animals are made up of many cells and ……….move actively, and ………is fixed in one place, or sedentary, move their body parts.
A) A lot of / some B) Many / each C) Most / those D) A good deal / several E) Others / the whole
17. ……people have been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD), they typically enter a cardiac rehabilitation programme to change their lifestyle and thereby avoid subsequent CVD.
A)Whereas B) Once C) Despite D) Even though E) Following
18. The prevelance of this disease is around 0.8% in most EU countries,………the rate might be more in some parts of EU A) despite B) therefore C) although D) since E) now that
19. ……….some people these days regularly use and rely on computers, many children utilize and are dependent on these devices for their moral survival.
A) Just as B) When C) Because D) In case E) If
20. ………….advances in gene technology and knowledge of the body, doctors still fail to fully comprehend why many innate heart diseases occur.
A) Because of B) In case of C) Since D) In spite of E) Thanks to
21-30. sorulara uygun ifadeyi bulunuz.
Humanbeing could bruise easily owing to sensetive capillaries in the skin. Each time these tiny blood vessels break, a little blood (21)----, leaving tiny red dots in the skin
and bluish-purple bruises. Women seem more prone than men to bruising from a minor injury, especially (22)---- the
thighs, buttocks, and upper arms. Older people are especially susceptible to bruising after bumps and falls (23)---- they
have fragile blood vessels and a thinner layer of fat under the skin, which normally serves as a cushion to help protect against injury. For most people, the condition isn’t serious, but bruising easily (24)---- a sign that something is wrong with the
blood clotting elements, most likely the platelets. Blood tests can determine whether (25)---- problems exist.
21.
A) passes down B) end up C) takes away D) breaks out
E) leaks out 22. A) on B) with C) thorough D) through E) over 23. A) unless B) even so C) because D) whereas E) so that 24. A) has to be B) should be C) would be D) may be E) will be 25. A) such B) no C) much D) so E) most
The vote (26)...the ban to be imposed on e-cigarattes which
are flavoured by tasty and sweet additives is soon. Council says that the ban, which ...(27)all flavored cigarettes
and other vaping products except for menthol and tobacco flavors, goes into effect immediately. ...(28), the retailers
will have more than two months to remove merchandise from store shelves. Officals had proposed the emergency ban on Sunday , …….. (29) the surging use among young people.
Based on the data from the state, nearly 40% of high school seniors and 27% of high school students overall in the state use e-cigarettes, ……… (30) more than half of the whole
young generation. Use among high-school students went from 10.5% in 2014 to 27.4% in 2018. 26. A) against B) to C) for D) on E) into 27. A) stems B) relates C) covers D) addresses E) entails 28. A) Therefore B) Despite C) Thus D) Nevertheless E) Because 29. A) citing B) cited C) to cite D) to be cited E) will cite 30. A) making up B) adding up C) breaking down D) accounting for E) handing down
31-42. sorularda CÜMLELERİ TAMAMLAYINIZ
31. The thought is that vitamin E is behind the symptoms the patients have experienced in e-cigarette use, ………
A) however, he also thinks that the idea m,ght be wrong B) because the vitamin is in relation with its sweet taste C) which include coughing, chest pain and shortness of
breath
D) although many related bodies think the same E) so that most of us can enjoy the smell and the taste
32. E-cigarettes makers say their products are harmless alternatives to traditional cigarettes,……… ……..
A) but they still contain addictive nicotine which can present kids with a “gateway” to lead to a lifetime of smoking.
B) however expensive they may seem
C) despite the rising concern about the future of the industry
D) yet, some of these problems are cureless today E) regardless of what these people think about the
problem
33. In a natural ecosystem, the essential minerals removed from the soil by plants are recycled……… ………..
A) whereby many human activities generate soil problems, including mineral depletion
B) since water, wind, ice, and other agents cause soil erosion
C) while humans often accelerate soil erosion through poor soil management practices
D) although soil is a valuable natural resource on which humans depend for food
E) when the plants and the animals that eat them die and decompose in the soil
34. Medications that increase the number of red blood cells become necessary to hinder anaemia from progressing;………..
A) in other words, the decrease in red blood cells may be caused by a genetic disorder
B) that is why doctors prescribe iron pills to increase patients’ red blood cells
C) so, low iron levels impair the body’s ability to produce hemoglobin
D) for example, one must be careful about getting plastic surgery
E) that is to say, vitamin B12 is normally found in many meats and vegetables
35. Until recently it was adrenaline, a well-known hormone produced by the adrenal gland, that kickstarted fight-or-flight,………….
A) But according to a new research in lab mice, an acute stress response is impossible without a hormone called osteocalcin
B) bones can produce a hormone that impacts the nervous system, you’re not alone.
C) Adrenalin is still an important part of the process, as is the hormone cortisol
D) that it had never been produced in glands
E) owing to its expanding tissue properties enabling it to be utilized well
36. Future research will have to figure out the exact chemical mechanisms,………….
A) Despite the imposed load onto the research fields of history
B) yet, so far noone has ever called for anything from him
C) by which all substances combine to power our brawls and maneuvers
D) given that each of them has their own characteristics E) inspite of what we are taught about them
37. In order for all details to be revealed, a focused medical history and physical examination should be performed………..
A) in cases in which a physical examination is not necessary
B) unless the physician needs to inform the patient about this problem
C) so that a potentially dangerous underlying condition is not overlooked
D) such symptoms are mostly classified in different categories
E) provided that it is nothing more than a common cold
38. Often, HPV remains completely harmless and goes away on its own,……….
A) whatever precaution has so far been taken
B) but some types of the infection can lead to cancer of the cervix, mouth etc.
C) now that it can be transmitted by vaginal, anal or oral intercourse.
D) and vaccination decisions are generally based on knowledge
E) other cancers you can get from HPV have gone up even more so.
39. Lately, some neuroimaging trials have revealed us that the brain maintains a high level of activity…….
A) as other routine tasks require minimal additional energy
B) even while it is in resting conditions
C) although some understanding was needed of the physiology of the brain’s intrinsic activity
D) should the idea that brain could be constantly busy is not new
E) although carrying out a particular task increases the brain’s energy consumption
40. While not an automatic correlation,……….
A) shoes with cushioned soles have been considered better for diabetic patients
B) there are two types of diabetes, Type I and Type II C) people with a family history of cancer may be at
greater risk for the disease
D) cholesterol-lowering drugs are covered by the more comprehensive medical-insurance plans
E) family doctor should inspire a feeling of trust, not fear
41. Right now, the fungus accumulation is restricted by rain and temperature to its current territory,………… ………
A) but climate change will lift some of those environmental barriers.
B) in order to hinder the essenses of the pollution C) for this type of mushroom is not good for eating D) as well as any other types of the problem E) as to whether there are other options available
42. Soon after a research revealing that early intervention can improve motor control,………..
A) a plan involved monitoring 10 patients with a family history of high blood pressure
B) a new device was devised long before the research on cerebral palsy was initiated
C) elderly patients with heart disease will be monitored by a remote device on a daily basis
D) elderly people with walking difficulties might feel scared to leave the house by themselves
E) a mechanism has been developed to help increase the physical activity of babies with cerebral palsy
43-46. sorulara uygun TÜRKÇE ÇEVİRİYİ bulunuz
43. The rise in drug-resistant bacteria is usually associated with the overuse of antibiotics in medicine and farming.
A) Genelde antibiyotiğin tıpta ve tarımda aşırı kullanımı, ilaca karşı dirençli bakterilerin artmasında oldukça etkilidir.
B) Antibiyotiğin tıpta ve tarımda kullanımı ile ilaca karşı dirençli bakterilerin artması arasında bir ilişki söz konusudur.
C) Antibiyotiğin tıpta ve tarımda aşırı kullanımı, genellikle ilaca karşı dirençli bakterilerin artmasındaki ana nedendir.
D) İlaca karşı dirençli bakterilerdeki artış, genellikle antibiyotiğin tıpta ve tarımda aşırı kullanımı ile ilişkilendirilir.
E) İlaca karşı dirençli bakterilerin artışı ile antibiyotiğin tıpta ve tarımda kullanımı arasında bir bağ olduğu düşünülür.
44. When the food you eat is not good quality or it is not consumed in the proper quantities, you are likely to experience fatigue.
A) Yediğiniz yiyeceklerin kalitesine veya miktarına dikkat etmezseniz, yorgunluk yaşamanız muhtemeldir. B) Yorgunluk yaşadığınızda, yiyeceklerinizin kaliteli
olmamasıyla veya uygun miktarlarda tüketilmemesiyle ilgilidir.
C) Yediğiniz yiyeceklerin kalitesi veya miktarı yorgunluk yaşamamıza neden olabilecek sebepler arasında yer alır.
D) Kaliteli veya uygun miktarlarda besin tüketemediğiniz zaman, yorgunluk yaşama ihtimaliniz kaçınılmazdır. E) Eğer yediğiniz yiyecekler kaliteli olmadığı veya uygun
miktarlarda tüketilmediğinde, yorgunluk yaşamanız muhtemeldir.
45. Acupuncture is an ancient method of therapy having originated in China more than 2,000 years ago.
A) Akupunktur, 2000 yıldan uzun bir süre önce Çin’de ortaya çıkmış bir tedavi yöntemidir. B) Akupunktur, 2000 yıldan uzun bir süre önce Çin’de
ortaya çıkmıştır.
C) 2000 yıldan fazla süre önce Çin’de ortaya çıkan akupunktur, oldukça eski bir tedavi yöntemidir. D) Akupunktur, yaklaşık 2000 yıl önce Çin’de ortaya
çıktığı düşünülen eski bir tedavi yöntemidir.
E) Eski bir tedavi yöntemi olan akupunktur, Çin’de 2000 yıldan uzun bir süre önce çıkmış olabilir.
46. Many transmitive ailments result from microorganisms invading the body and multiplying there.
A) Pek çok bulaşıcı hastalığn nedeni vücuda yayılan ve vücutta üreyen mikroorganizmalardır.
B) Mikroorganizmalar, vücuda girerek ve vücutta çoğalarak, çeşitli bulaşıcı hastalıkların oluşmasına yol açar.
C) Çoğu bulaşıcı hastalık, vücudu işgal eden ve vücutta çoğalan mikroorganizmalardan ortaya çıkar
D) Bulaşıcı hastalıkların nedenlerinin çoğu, vücuda girerek çoğalan mikroorganizmalarla ortaya çıkmasıdır
E) Üreyip vücudu ele geçiren mikroorganizmalar nedeniyle birçok bulaşıcı hastalık ortaya çıkmaktadır.
47-49. sorulara uygun İNGİLİZCE ÇEVİRİYİ bulunuz
47. Egzersiz, kalp hastalığı riskini yarıya indirebilir, ancak çoğu yetişkin, tavsiye edilen egzersizleri yapmayı ihmal etmektedir.
A) Exercise adults neglect are the exercises they have been advised to do even though they are aware that exercise reduces the risk of heart disease by half. B) The risk of heart disease can be reduced by half
through exercise, although a great majority of adults are indifferent to the exercises they have been advised to do.
C) Exercise could cut the risk of heart disease in half, yet most adults neglect to do the exercises recommended.
D) Although most adults neglect the recommended exercises, they always face the risk of heart disease that can be cut down in half through exercise. E) Exercise is of big importance in reducing the risk of
heart disease by half, but a growing number of adults refuse to do their recommended exercises.
48. Kemoterapinin yan etkileri, ilaçların, hızla bölünen normal hücreler üzerindeki etkilerinden ileri gelmektedir.
A) It is the adverse effects drugs have on rapidlydivided normal cells that lead to the side effects of chemotherapy.
B) Since drugs have adverse effects on normal cells that divide very fast, this leads to the side effects of chemotherapy.
C) The side effects of chemotherapy are closely related to the effects that drugs have on rapidlydivided normal cells.
D) The side effects of chemotherapy are due to the drugs’ effects on normal cells that rapidly divide.
E) Due to the rapid division of normal cells, brought about by the effects of drugs, chemotherapy has side effects.
49. Those believed to have been operated 5000 years ago can be said to have been operated quite well, reflecting how advanced the surgical approach was when looked in terms of time and conditions
A) 5000 yıl önce opere edildiğine inananlar oldukça iyi opere edilmişlerdir ve zaman ve koşullar açısından bakıldığında cerrahi yaklaşımın ne kadar ileri olduğunu yansıtmaktadır
B) 5000 yıl önce opere edildiğine inananların oldukça iyi opere edilmiş olduğu söylenebilir, ki bu da zaman ve koşullar açısından bakıldığında cerrahi yaklaşımın ne kadar ileri olduğunu yansıtmaktadır
C) 5000 yıl önce opere edildiğine inananların oldukça iyi opere edilmiş olduğuna inanılmaktadır ve zaman ve koşullar açısından bakıldığında cerrahi yaklaşımın ileri olduğunu yansıtmaktadır
D) 5000 yıl önce opere edildiğine inananlar açısından onların iyi opere edildiği söylenebilir ve zaman ve koşullar açısından bakıldığında cerrahi yaklaşımın ne kadar ileri olduğunu yansıtmaktadır
E) 5000 yıl önce opere edildiğine inananlar iyi opere edildiklerini söyleyenlerdir ve zaman ve koşullar açısından bakıldığında cerrahi yaklaşımın ne kadar ileri olduğunu yansıtmaktadır.
50-53. soruları PARAGRAFLARI uygun şekilde tamamlayınız.
50. Three of the four blood groups were achieved by Karl Landsteiner at Vienna’s Institute of Pathology in 1901 and 1902. The fourth group, AB, was discovered a few years later. The ability to match the blood types of donor and recipient would greatly reduce the incidence of fatalities from transfusion reactions. ...Few physicians considered Landsteiner’s work of much importance or even seemed to be aware of it. Therefore, a large number of patients continued to experience posttransfusion fever, chills, kidney pain, bloody urine and death.
A) a pathologist and haematologist in New York, performed 125 successful transfusions without bad reactions by using compatibility testing.
B) Of all the problems facing physicians, blood’s ability to coagulate or to clot was the greatest.
C) In essence, O. H. Robertson, a physician in the US Army, set up the world’s first system of blood banking.
D) In the 1880s, the European medical community lost its enthusiasm for blood transfusions after performing hundreds of unsuccessful trials.
E) However, this breakthrough was largely ignored for more than a decade
51. Soon after HIV was identified in the 1980s, United States politicians assumed that a vaccine and a remedy for AIDS would be available within 5 years. ---- The first is that it mutates rapidly, meaning that a vaccine developed against one form of the virus may not work against another. Another problem is that HIV integrates itself into the patient’s DNA. A third difficulty is that the virus attacks the very cells of the immune system sent to attack it. Once infected, these T-cells take the virus deeper into the body’s immune defences.
A) These therapeutic vaccines are aimed at stimulating the disease-fighting cells of the immune system. B) In recent years, however, the focus of vaccine
development has shifted.
C) This pointed to ways of sabotaging viral replication in infected patients.
D) There are, however, some unforeseen problems with developing a vaccine against HIV.
E) Albert Sabin, who developed the world’s first oral polio vaccine, said in 1993 that it is impossible to produce an effective AIDS vaccine.
52. Climate change arising from rising levels of (CO2) is commonly recognized. But the massive absorption of CO2 by the ocean has received far less attention. Our seas quickly can absorb 25 to 30 percent of humankind’s CO2 emissions. ---- Thus, we have led to an unpromising level of acidification of the ocean and fundamentally changing its remarkably delicate geochemical balance. Scientists are only beginning to investigate the consequences, but comparable natural changes in our geologic history have caused several mass extinctions throughout the earth’s waters.
A) We have “disposed” of 530 billion tons of the gas in this way, and the rate worldwide is now one million tons per hour.
B) Nearly 90 percent of the carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater takes the form of bicarbonate ion.
C) Marine animals will find it harder to build skeletons, construct reefs, or simply to grow and breathe. D) The fossil record shows that ocean life has suffered
massive extinctions during periods of rapidly rising carbon dioxide levels.
E) Release could reduce surface pH level by 0.4 unit in this century alone and by as much as 0.7 unit beyond 2050s
53. Atropine leads to the production of rapid heart rate, dilated pupils, dry skin, and anesthetizes the nerve endings in the skin. Since it enables a smooth muscle and suppresses gland and mucous secretions, it has been used to treat peptic ulcer by reducing the production of stomach acid. Atropine is given before general anaesthesia to keep the air passages clear and is an ingredient in various preparations for symptomatic relief of colds and asthma.
----A) Despite being so strong in its action on the human body, the plant seems to affect some of the animals but little.
B) The drug atropine is produced from the foliage, which along with the berries are extremely toxic.
C) Atropine extracts were used by Cleopatra to dilate her pupils, in the hope that she would appear more alluring.
D) Atropine produces many effects in the body, including relief from spasms of the stomach and intestines. E) It also acts as an antidote in poisoning from such
agents as mushrooms, morphine, prussic acid, and nerve gas.
54-69. soruları PARAGRAFLARA GÖRE çözünüz
Africa has the quickest rising and youngest population in the world. More than 40% are under the age of 15 and 20% are between the ages of 15 and 24, which can be said to be the definition of youth all over theworld. These statistics present a serious challenge. Can Africa seize the opportunities being presented, or do Africa’s youth constitute a ticking, demographictime-bomb? Despite sub-Saharan Africa recording anaverage annual economic growth rate of 6%, this remarkable and rapid growth has often beennon-inclusive, and it has become increasingly clear thatinsufficient attention has been paid to the creation of employment opportunities for young people. The current demographic trend only worsens the problem as thepressure to create new jobs will increase markedly overthe coming decades, if what is known as the‘demographic dividend’ is not realized. One definition ofthe demographic dividend is a large workforce thatcreates a window of opportunity to invest in theeducation and health of their children, increaseeconomic outputs and invest more in technology andskills to strengthen the economy. It is stage that themost successful developing economies experience. Indeed, as much as one third of East Asia’s economicmiracle was closely associated with demographic change.
54. It is clearly stated in the passage that
A) definition of youth in Africa is controversial when statistical data are considered
B) African countries are expected to have the most developed economies in the world, as they have a high percentage of young people
C) African countries have a lot in common with East Asian countries in terms of economic success D) changes in population were an important factor in the
economic success of countries in East Asia
E) young people, in particular, have the power and ability to make an economy successful in East Asian countries
55. We can infer from the passage that Africa ………
A) needs to explore employment opportunties for the youth for economic growth
B) is experiencing demographic problems resulting from lack of governmental support all over the continent C) is more likely to be the most populated continent in
the near future
D) has a very high percentage of young people, which prevents employment for everybody
E) will have great difficulty in shaping its economy unless young people have a key role in such areas as education and technology
56. According to the passage, the economic growth……
A) cannot be permanent even if new job opportunities are provided for young population
B) in African countries is not very rapid when compared to that of East Asian countries
C) is a result of the current demographic trend that integrates workpower into the economy
D) of sub-Saharan African countries helps them to invest in the education and health of children
E) in African countries is significant but not perfect in terms of employment of young population
57. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Young population constitutes an opportunity for as well as a threat to the economic development of African countries.
B) Having young population can mean achieving economic prosperity in the future as seen in Africa. C) The realization of demographic dividend accounts for
the rapid economic growth in African countries. D) Although what East Asian countries did so as to boost
their economies affected African politicians, they have not made any attempts to do the same.
E) African countries should follow the example of East Asia, as they have similar demographic profile.
Traits are manifestations of our genes that are made up of DNA. Genes are located on chromosomes, and most of us have a total of 46 chromosomes or 23 chromosome pairs. Out of those pairs, 22 are autosomes and one is a pair of sex chromosomes. In females, the pair of sex chromosomes is made up of two X chromosomes while males have one X and one Y chromosome. When a female reproductive cell (ovum) is fertilized with a male reproductive cell (sperm), the next step is cell division. This process is a complex series of events that revolve around the equal distribution of genetic material via chromosomes. In other words, you are the product of your biological mother’s and father’s chromosomes. In other words, half of your genetic material comes from your mother and the other half from your father. Put differently, you inherit half of your traits from each one of your biological parents. The process of cell division that marks the proper distribution of genetic material via chromosomes is called meiosis. This, in turn, is made up of four sub-steps, each of which has a very specific task when it comes to the proper division of genetic material. This is heredity in its broadest sense.
58. Which sentence is the synonym of “make up of” in line 2?
A)to tell a lie
B)to decompose into smaller pieces C) to comprise something of
D)to deteriorate the cell patterns of fetus E) to brush the cell with stains
59. Acording to the passage…….
A) we have nearly fifty chromosomes numbers of which are nearly equal from paternal and maternal basis B) Our body texture is liable to create a self-looking DNA
squence
C) What is meant by heredity is not related to genes but chromosomes
D) The debris released after the accumulation of sperm and ovum is called the meiosis
E) Traits of our parents might be totally different from that of ours
60. We can conclude from the passsage that………..
A) Having paternal traits is far more likely shoudl there be a less chromosome from mother
B) Heredity is the conclusion of a series of events which have many subforms and complex processes C) For one to have a meiosis, there should be more than
3 main productive cells
D) One might not inherit half of his traits from biological parents unless equally distributed
E) Maternal traits are far more complex than paternal ones
61. What is meiosis in a broader term?
A) it is the byproduct of a process
B) it is the distribution of similar genetic patterns to the new emerging mechanism
C) the division of paternal traits D) Appropriate distribution of genes E) one of many sub-steps in the process
Imagine a world where every child owns a microscope. A clever new method to fold a single sheet of paper to create a microscope may bring that dream closer to reality. In the Foldscope, invented by Stanford University engineers, folded paper creates a structure, which holds a lens and a LED in alignment. As users look, adjust the lens and change the focus, they can magnify objects more than 2,000 times with this simple, affordable and easily portable assembly. This level of magnification is close to what you can achieve with most laboratory microscopes. Leading developer Manu Prakash originally saw the Foldscope as an inexpensive way to diagnose diseases in developing countries. But he soon realized it could also help excite a new generation of scientists. “You learn to appreciate the microscopic world by actually exploring it yourself,” he says. The inventors launched a beta test to see how the invention works in real practice. More than 11,000 applicants from 130 countries – ranging from six-year-olds to scientists nominated for the Nobel Prize – volunteered to use the Foldscope for an original research project. They plan to study bee parasites and identify micro-fossils. Reproducing those experiments may inspire students to make their own discoveries. If only every biology book had a Foldscope as the last page because we are not just imparting knowledge, but we are also imparting the tools to gain that knowledge.
62. It is stated in the passage that the Foldscope...
A) is an original method to fold paper that children might favour
B) is a new kind of magnifier that can also work without a lens or a LED
C) is an easy-to-carry microscope whose primary material is paper
D) can magnify objects better than many microscopes used in laboratories
63. It is clear from the passage that Manu Prakash...
A) believes that the Foldscope might soon replace the classical microscopes in laboratories
B) initially considered the Foldscope as a cheap way of detecting diseases
C) devised the Foldscope to help the new generation of scientists who look for excitement
D) invented the Foldscope as he was highly interested in microscopic world
E) thinks that students are inspired by the scientists who are candidates for the Nobel Prize
64. It is pointed out in the passage that ----.
A) the beta test showed that the Foldscope could work well in real practice
B) a remarkable variety of people were willing to use the Foldscope in their studies
C) the Foldscope produces the most reliable results in the study of bee parasites or micro-fossils
D) scientists nominated for the Nobel Prize helped the six-year-olds to use the Foldscope in the beta test E) many similar experiments were reproduced to see the
efficiency of the Foldscope
65. The author is of the opinion that the Foldscope...
A) needs to be greatly improved to be used in original research projects
B) should go beyond biology books and used in laboratories to make detailed studies like those on micro-fossils
C) has become very popular just because the scientists nominated for the Nobel Prize have been using it D) was originally designed to be used at schools but now
it is being utilized especially for medical purposes E) might be a good educational tool that can dramatically
A new research has introduced a new treatment for skeletal system injuries. A carbon material, which could end up with robust remedies for skeletal system injuries, such as fractures, is included for the first time in such studies. The purpose of the trial is to develop a new kind of medication to repair injured bone using stem cells from human bone marrow as well as these carbon nanotubes. In the study, it is expected that this research could lead to the enhancement of bone regeneration. The use of stem cells taken from human bone marrow has already been tried in fracture treatment due to their potential to regenerate bone in patients who have lost large areas of bone from either disease or trauma, and progress has been made. However, this research has opened up the possibility of developing a new kind of medication that effectively treats skeletal injuries, such as fractures. Furthermore, it may lead to such advancements as making artificial joints and teeth with the use of 3D printing.
66. What is meant by “end up with robust remedies”?
A) to result in defeat
B) to give rise to better treatments C) to harmonize the ongoing treatments D) to finish the recent treatments E) to finalize the previous treatments
67. In what ways does the last study is different from previous ones?
A) The effectiveness of stem cells in bone regeneration has been determined by their quantity.
B) Stem cells derived from human bone marrow have proven effective in bone injuries.
C) Numerous skeletal injuries such as fractures have been successfully treated by it.
D) An innovative surgical technique has been developed by means of various materials.
E) A carbon material has been used in the trials to repair skeletal injuries for the first time.
68. It is clear from the text that…………
A) working on stem cells is a new field that has not been practised before
B) working on stem cells is a new field of study never taken up before
C) the trial is likely to give rise to further developments in treating bone injuries
D) skeletal system injuries could not be treated before stem cell studies
E) artificial joints are successful alternatives to insufficient stem cell usage
69. What is the main emphasis of the text?
A) a new study on skeletal system injuries with some promising results
B) the developmental steps of using stem cells in bone regeneration after trauma
C) studies that aim to treat skeletal system injuries using stem cells from human marrows
D) a new method that has made use of 3D printing techniques to enhance bone regeneration
E) alternative ways of using stem cells to produce artificial joints and teeth for humans
70-73. sorulara ANLAMCA EN YAKIN EŞ ANLAMI BULUNUZ
70. There is some evidence that the way we handle stress and the way we are affected by it change with age.
A) As we age, evidence can be found related to the way we deal with and manage our stress levels.
B) Evidence regarding age-related stress shows that our ability to deal with stress and its effects change over time.
C) How we handle stress and how we deal with it change according to the evidence related to age.
D) As we get older, evidence suggests that how stres affects us and how we deal with it change.
E) There is evidence to suggest that our ability to manage stress and its effects worsens as we get older.
71. The notion that we might one day be able to communicate by thought alone has preoccupied scientists and science-fiction writers for decades.
A) Scientists and science-fiction writers have long been trying to demonstrate that people actually thought alone.
B) Scientists and science-fiction writers have long been thinking that one day people will be able to transmit their ideas not only by words, but also by thought. C) Not only scientists but also science-fiction writers have
long been endeavoring to find an answer to problem regarding thought.
D) Scientists and science-fiction writers have long been considering the idea that one day it will be possible for people to transmit messages via thought only. E) Scientists have already proven that people can
communicate by thought alone, which has also been popular theme for science-fiction writers for decades.
72. Scientists are struggling to understand the strange biology of Raffesia, one of the world’s largest flowers, in case it disappears from jungle.
A) It is a well-known fact that Raffesia, one of the world’s largest flowers, will vanish from the jungle soon, which makes scientists interested in understanding its biology.
B) One of the world’s largest flowers, Raffesia has started to disappear from jungle; therefore, scientists are rushing to study the biology of this large flower. C) There is possibility that one of the world’s largest
flowers, Raffesia, may become extinct from jungle, so scientists are working hard to comprehend its unusual biology.
D) Scientists have difficulty in understanding to complex biology of Raffesia, which is one of the world’s largest flowers, as it is about to disappear.
E) It is strange that although Raffesia, one of the world’s largest flowers, is vanishing from jungle, scientists are still trying to understanding its biology.
73. It is believed that Turkish medical community has yet to do more efforts to keep up with EU standarts in terms of working conditions
A) EU is better than TR in terms of working conditions B) Working conditions are unbelievable in TR C) Every doctor is happy in TR
D) Doctors cannot buy Ferrari in TR and this is very bad E) Working conditions in EU and TR are of low priority
74-80. sorularda ANLAM BÜTÜNLÜĞÜNÜ BOZAN CÜMLEYİ bulunuz
74. (I) The sugars lactose, sucrose, and maltose are broken down by the enzymes lactase, sucrase, and maltase, which are located in the lining of the small intestine. (II) Normally, the enzymes break these sugars into simple sugars, such as glucose, which are then absorbed into the blood through the intestinal wall. (III) If the necessary enzyme is lacking, the sugars are digested, and they can’t be absorbed. (IV) Thus, they remain in the small intestine, and the resulting high concentration of sugar draws fluid into the small intestine, causing diarrhea. (V) The nutritional deficiencies resulting from malabsorption can cause additional symptoms.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
75. (I) Determining bacteria is a critical business for doctors and food safety experts, but involves either culturing the bacteria until there are enough to look at under a microscope or amplifying the bacteria’s DNA. (II) Both these processes take hours, sometimes days. (III) The sensor is 25 times smaller than previously tested sensors, and is made of silicon, so it requires the same fabrication technique as computer chips and costs just eight cents. (IV) Now bacteriophages, the viruses that prey on bacteria and are notoriously choosy about which species they attack, are being put to work in an electrical sensor that detects bacteria within minutes. (V) The sensors take up less than a square millimetre each, so to identify unknown bacteria, hundreds could be integrated onto a single microchip with a different bacteriophage in each sensor.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
76. (I) Drugs cause rashes in several ways. (II) As with severe burns, the skin loss is life threatening. (III) Most drug rashes are allergic reactions to medications. (IV) After taking the first dose of a particular drug, a person may become sensitized to the drug. (V) Later exposure to the drug may trigger an allergic reaction.
77. (I) A large proportion of the gallbladder’s store of bile salts is released into the small intestine. (II) Then, 90% of the bile salts are reabsorbed into the bloodstream through the wall of the lower small intestine. (III) Gallstones are more common in women and in certain specific groups of people. (IV) The liver then extracts the bile salts from the blood and resecretes them back into the bile. (V) The bile salts in the body go through this cycle about 10-12 times a day.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
78. (I) Like all medicines, sleep medicines have side effects. (II) On the other hand, daytime drowsiness can be best avoided by taking the lowest dose possible. (III) The most common of these effects are dizziness, lightheadedness, and difficulty with coordination. (IV) Sleep medicines can also make one sleepy during the day. (V) How drowsy one feels depends upon how one’s body reacts to the medicine.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
79. (I) Physicians have noted a drastic rise in bone fractures in children and teenagers in recent years. (II) Bones are rigid but not inflexible; they will bend in response to external forces. (III) For example, if you fall forward with your hands outstretched, the bones of your hands, wrists, and arms will flex to absorb the shock and then return to their original shape. (IV) However, as many of us know from personal experience, the skeletal system has its limits. (V) If a force is applied that exceeds a bone’s resiliency, the result is a broken bone, or fracture.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
80. (I)The abilities to stimulate fracture repair, enhance spinal arthrodesis, heal nonunions, or regenerate lost segments of bone are common goals among orthopedic surgeons (II) other medical professionals who deal with skeletal wound healing also share the same objectives. (III) While in most clinical settings these processes are biologically optimized, many patients continue to experience delayed or impaired healing. (ıv)Methods to enhance or accelerate these healing responses are greatly needed in order to ensure a patient’s rapid recovery and return to work, recreation, and family life. (v) Moreover, as bone graft screening processes are also being developed to help her to cope with the taugh process of healing skeleton system
1.
I. Acromion - Scapula
II. Tuberositas pronatoria - Ulna III. Linea pectinea - Femur IV. Tuberculum minus - Humerus V. Processus coracoideus - Ulna
Yukarıdaki oluşum ve ait olduğu kemik eşleştirmelerden hangisi/hangileri yanlıştır?
A) Yalnız II B) I ve III C) III, IV ve V D) II ve V E) IV ve V
2. Aşağıda verilenlerden hangisi
articulatio atlantoaxialis mediana ile ilgili olup başın rotasyonunu sınırlandıran bir ligamenttir?
A) Ligamentum flavum B) Ligamenta alaria
C) Ligamentum longitudinale anterius D) Ligamentum apicis dentis E) Ligamentum nuchae
3. Aşağıdaki kaslardan hangisi uyluğa dış rotasyon yaptırmaz?
A) Musculus piriformis B) Musculus gracilis
C) Musculus gemellus inferior D) Musculus quadratus femoris E) Musculus obturatorius externus
4. Ciddi dispnesi olan kırkaltı yaşında bir bayan hastaneye
getiriliyor. Radyografik değerlendirmede hastada bir Pancoast tümörü olduğu tespit ediliyor. Yapılan fizik muayenede pupillada miyozis, göz kapağında pitozis ve yüzünde anhidrozis olduğu görülüyor.
Aşağıdaki görüntüyü de dikkate alarak bu hastada büyük olasılıkla aşağıdaki yapılardan hangisi yaralanmıştır? A) Truncus sympathicus B) N.vagus C) N.phrenicus D) Arcus aortae E) Plexus cardiopulmonalis
5. Kırk dört yaşında bir erkek araba kazasından sonra
hastaneye getiriliyor. Sternum’una ciddi künt bir travma aldığı tespit ediliyor.
Hastanın durumu düşünüldüğünde, muhtemelen bu travmadan aşağıdaki kalp bölümlerinden hangisi etkilenmiş olabilir?
A) Sağ ventrikül B) Apex cordis C) Sol ventrikül D) Sağ atriyum
E) Sol atriyumun ön kenarı
6. Aşağıdaki venlerden hangisi vena brachiocephalica’ya açılmaz?
A) Vena vertebralis B) Vena thoracica interna C) Vena hemiazygos D) Vena thyroidea inferior
TIP BİLİMLERİ SINAVI
1. Bu testten alacağınız standart puan, Genel puanınızın hesaplanmasında 0,3 katsayısı ile çarpılacaktır. 2. Bu testte 80 soru vardır.
3. Cevaplamaya istediğiniz sorudan başlayabilirsiniz
7. Bir hastada, intestinal anjina (Arteria mesenterica
superior’un çıkış yerinin hemen yanında oklüzyona uğraması) tespit ediliyor.
Eğer bu hastada, yeterli kollateral dolaşım yoksa veya kollateral dolaşım sağlanamazsa, aşağıdaki intestinal bölgelerden hangisinin gangrene olması beklenmez?
A) Colon ascendens B) Appendix vermiformis C) Colon descendens D) Ileum
E) Colon transversum
8. Yetmiş yaşında bir erkek hasta ilerleyici, ağrısız görme
kaybıyla hastaneye başvuruyor. Radyografik inceleme sinus cavernosus’ta tromboflebit olduğunu ortaya koyuyor.
Bu trombüs aşağıdaki yapıların hangisinden geçerek hastanın bu semptomlarına neden olmuştur?
A) Chiasma opticum B) Ganglion ciliare
C) Spatium subarachnoideum D) Arteria centralis retinae E) Vena centralis retinae
9. Aşağıda verilenlerden hangisi IX. kranyal sinir ile ilgili değildir?
A) Musculus stylopharyngeus’u uyarır.
B) Dil 1/ 3 arka bölümünün ağrı, ısı ve tat duyularını alır. C) Tonsilla palatina’nın duyusunu alır.
D) Orta kulak mukozasından duyu taşır. E) Glandula lacrimalis’in salgı yapmasını sağlar.
10. Plexus brachialis’in anterolateral görünümünde “X” ile işaretli sinir aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) N. musculocutaneous B) N. radialis
C) N. ulnaris D) N. axillaris E) N. subscapularis
11. Gebelikle ilişkili hormonların etkisindeki meme bezi
epitel hücreleri lipid, karbonhidrat ve proteinleri salgılar. Anne sütünün lipid yapıları plazma membran kılıfı içinde yağ damlacığı olarak salgı epitel hücrelerin apikal yüzeylerinden salınır.
Aşağıdaki terimlerinden hangisi bu salgılama mekanizmasını en iyi şekilde tanımlar?
A) Apokrin B) Ekrin C) Endokrin D) Holokrin E) Merokrin
12. Makula adherens’in şematik çiziminde hücreler arası boşluktaki “X” ile işaretli yapılar aşağıdakilerden hangisinde doğru verilmiştir?
A) Desmokollin ve Desmoglein B) Konneksin ve E kadherin C) İntegrin ve Kollajen XVII D) Vinkulin ve Katenin E) Okkludin ve Klaudin
13. Aktif enfeksiyonda görülen sola kayma durumunda dolaşımda görülebilen hücreler hangileridir?
A) Promiyelosit B) Miyeloblast C) Miyelosit D) Metamiyelosit
E) Polikromatofil eritroblast
14. Gastrointestinal sistemde düz kas hücreleri için elektriksel uyarı oluşturan (pacemaker) hücre yapısı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Paneth hücresi B) Mikrokatlantı hücresi C) Paryetal hücre D) Goblet hücresi E) Cajal hücresi
15.
I. Korneadan skleraya geçiş bölgesi limbustur. II. Humor aköz, prosessus siliyaris tarafından ön
kamaraya salgılanır.
III. Aköz humorun ön kamaradan gözün venöz sistemine aktığı yer Schlemm kanalıdır.
IV. Schlemm kanalı limbus bölgesindeki trabeküler ağ yapısıdır.
V. Kornea epiteli yüksek rejenerasyon kapasitesine sahiptir.
Göz ve yapıları ile ilgili verilen ifadelerden hangisileri yanlıştır? A) I ve II B) II ve IV C) I, II, III ve V D) I, II, III ve IV E) I, IV ve V 16. I. Ektoderm II. Mezoderm III. Endoderm
Yukarıdaki germ yapraklarından hangilerinin oluşturduğu dokular sakrokoksigeal teratomun yapısında bulunur? A) Yalnız I B) Yalnız II C) I ve II D) II ve III E) I, II ve III
17. Aşağıdaki şematik çizimde spermin ovum hücresine penetrasyon aşamaları görülmektedir.
I. Kromozomlar II. Sentriyoller III. Akrozin IV. Hücre zarı V. Kuyruk
Dört (4) numaralı aşama sonunda sperm, yukarıdakilerden hangisini/hangilerini kaybetmiş olarak ovum hücresi içine girer?
A) Yalnız III B) II ve IV C) III ve IV D) III, IV ve V
18. Fetal dolaşımda kan foramen ovale aracılığıyla hangi yapıdan hangi yapıya geçer?
A) Yalnız III B) II ve IV C) III ve IV D) III, IV ve V E) I, II ve V
19. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi gastrin salınımını uyarır?
A) Vagal uyarı B) Sekretin C) Somatostatin
D) Vazoaktif intestinal peptid E) Kalsitonin
20. Yirmi yedi yaşında sağlıklı bir kadın koşu yarışına
katılıyor.
Yarış sırasında bu kadının iskelet kaslarında görülen fizyolojik değişiklikler aşağıdakilerden hangisinde en doğru verilmiştir?
Arteriyol
çapı iletkenliğiDamar konsantrasyonuDoku oksijen
A) Azalır Artar Artar B) Azalır Azalır Azalır C) Artar Artar Artar D) Artar Azalır Azalır E) Artar Artar Azalır
21.
I. Yenidoğanlarda solunumun düzenlenmesinde önemlidir.
II. Akciğerlerdeki gerim reseptörlerinin uyarımı ile gerçekleşir.
III. Görev alan sinir N. Vagus’tur.
IV. . İnspirasyonu sonlandıran bir reflekstir. V. Dispne hissinin oluşmasından sorumludur.
Hering – Breuer refleksiyle ilgili olarak yukarıda verilen bilgilerden hangileri doğrudur?
A) I ve II B) I, II ve III C) I, II ve IV D) I, II, IV ve V E) I, II, III ve IV
22. Bir miktar boyu uzatılan kas kuvvetli bir şekilde kasılır, ancak tendonların gerimi çok arttırılırsa kas gevşer, bunun nedeni aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Resiprokal antagonist kasdan gelen uyarının artması B) Afferent sinirdeki deşarjin azalması
C) Kas iğciklerinin uyarılması
D) Ia afferent liflerinde deşarjın artması E) Golgi tendon organındaki deşarjın artması
23. Şekilde Sinoatriyal düğümdeki pacemaker hücresinin aksiyon potansiyeli eğrisi görülmektedir. Ok işareti ile gösterilen aksiyon potansiyeli fazının oluşumundan aşağıdakilerden hangisi sorumludur?
A) Sodyum iyonlarının hücreye sızması
B) T tipi kalsiyum kanallarının açılarak kalsiyum iyonlarının hücre dışına çıkması
C) Potasyum kanallarının açılarak hücre dışına potasyum iyonlarının sızması
D) L tipi kalsiyum kanallarının açılarak kalsiyum iyonlarının hücreye girmesi
E) Potasyum kanallarının açılarak hücre içine potasyum iyonlarının sızması
24. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi jukstaglomerüler aparatın bileşeni değildir?
A) Makula densa
B) Afferent arteriyolün özelleşmiş düz kas hücreleri C) Juksta glomerüler hücreler
D) İnterkalar hücreler E) Distal tübül
25. Primer somatik duyu alanı aşağıdakilerden hangisinde bulunur?
A) Broca B) Wernicke C) Primer motor alan D) Girus presentralis
26. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi aldosteron hormonunun etkilerinden değildir?
A) Hipokalemi B) Hipertansiyon C) H+ atılımında artma
D) Metabolik asidoz
E) Kalpte taşikardik refleks oluşması
27. I. CO2 II. ADP III. GTP IV. Magnezyum V. NAD
Pirüvattan glukoz sentezlemek için fosfoenol pirüvat oluşması esnasında, 1 nolu basamak için yukarıdakilerden hangisi/hangileri gereklidir?
A) Yalnız I B) I ve II C) I ve IV D) I, IV ve V E) I, III ve V
8. Eritrosit, damar endotel hücrelerinde ve kan-beyin bariyerinde yer alan, bazal glukoz transportundan sorumlu olan glukoz taşıyıcı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) GLUT 1 B) GLUT 2 C) GLUT 3 D) GLUT 4
29.
I. McArdle II. von Gierke III. Cori IV. . Pompe V. Anderson
Yukarıdaki glikojen depo hastalıklarından hangisi veya hangileri anormal yapıda glikojen birikimi ile seyreder?
A) I, III ve V B) II ve IV C) III ve V D) Yalnız III
E) Yalnız V
30. Fruktoz metabolizmasının glukoz metabolizmasına göre daha hızlı olmasının nedeni hangi enzimin düzenlediği reaksiyonun atlanmasıdır?
A) Aldolaz A B) Aldolaz B C) Glukokinaz D) Pirüvat kinaz E) Fosfofruktokinaz I 31.
I. Preprokollajen zincirlerinin sentezi
II. N-terminal ve C-terminal propeptidlerin kesilerek kollajen oluşumu
III. Sinyal peptidin kaldırılması IV. . Kovalent çapraz bağların oluşumu V. Hidroksilasyon-glikozilasyon
Kollajen sentezi sırasında hücre dışında gerçekleşen olaylar yukarıdakilerden hangisinde birlikte verilmiştir? A) I, III ve V B) I, II ve III C) III ve IV D) II ve IV E) II ve III
32. Orak hücreli anemiyle ilgili aşağıdaki ifadelerden hangisi doğrudur?
A) Hemoglobinde alfa zinciri yerine beta zinciri geçmiştir.
B) Hemoglobinde hidrofobik amino asit sayısı artmıştır. C) Hemoglobinin beta zincirinde sekonder yapı hatalıdır. D) Hemoglobinin deoksi formunun çözünürlüğü artmıştır. E) Orak hücreli anemi çerçeve kayması mutasyona bir
örnektir.
33. Lipoprotein ve taşıdığı apolipoprotein eşleştiririlmesi verilmiştir. Hangisi yanlıştır?
A) Şilomikron – Apo B-48
B) Yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein – Apo A-1 C) Ara dansiteli lipoprotein – Apo B-100 D) Yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein – Apo B-100 E) Çok düşük dansiteli lipoprotein – Apo C-2
34. Aşağıdaki metabolik olaylardan hangisinden asetil KoA oluşmaz?
A) Pirüvatın oksidatif dekarboksilasyonundan B) Kolesterolun yıkımından
C) Yağ asitlerinin beta oksidayonundan D) Keton cisimlerinin yıkımından E) Lösin amino asidinin yıkımından
35. Keton cisimlerinin karaciğerde metabolize edilememesinin nedeni aşağıdaki enzimlerden hangisinin eksikliğine bağlıdır?
A) Tiokinaz
B) KoA transferaz (= Tiyoforaz) C) HMG KoA sentaz
D) HMG KoA redüktaz E) 7 alfa hidroksilaz
36. Aşağıdaki nükleotid çiftlerinin hangisinde bir nükleotid diğerinin metillenmiş formudur?
A) UMP-CMP B) dUMP-dTMP C) AMP-GMP D) dUMP-dCMP E) dAMP-dGMP
37. Yirmi dört yaşında kadın hasta, ishal, disfaji ve sarılık
nedeniyle doktora başvuruyor. Fizik muayenede tırnaklarda, ‘’Mees çizgileri’’ adı verilen, beyaz transvers çizgiler saptanıyor. İleri tetkikler sonucu hastada arsenik intoksikasyonu tespit ediliyor.
Sitrik asit siklüsünde görev alan aşağıdaki enzimlerden hangisi arsenik tarafından inhibe edilir?
A) Akonitaz B) Sitrat sentaz
C) Alfa ketoglutarat dehidrojenaz D) Malat dehidrojenaz
38. Yirmi beş yaşında kadın, halsizlik, çabuk yorulma ve
unutkanlık şikayetleri ile doktora başvuruyor. Hastanın beslenme alışkanlıkları sorgulandığında, yaklaşık iki yıldır sıkı bir şekilde vegan diyet uyguladığı öğreniliyor. Laboratuvar tetkiklerinde, idrarda yüksek miktarda metilmalonik asit atılımı saptanıyor.
Aşağıdaki vitamin eksikliklerinden hangisinin bu hastada saptanması en olasıdır?
A) D vitamini eksikliği B) Tiamin eksikliği C) Pridoksin eksikliği D) Folik asit eksikliği E) Kobalamin eksikliği
39. Aşağıdaki hormonlardan hangisi etkisini hücre içinde bulunan hormon yanıt elemanı (HRE) aracılığı ile gösterir? A) Paratiroid hormon B) Prolaktin C) Büyüme hormonu D) Kortizol E) İnsülin
40. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi bakteri sitoplazmik membranının bir özelliği değildir?
A) Selektif geçirgenlikte rol oynar. B) Penisilin bağlayan proteinleri barındırır.
C) Bakterilerde elektron transportu ve oksidatif fosforilasyonda rol oynar.
D) Bakteri bölünmesinde etkin rol oynar.
E) Bakterinin Gram yöntemiyle boyanmasını belirler.
41. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi gram negatif bakterilerin tanımlamasında kullanılan O somatik antijenidir?
A) Teikoik asit B) Lipid-A C) Polisakkarit D) Omp A E) Porin 42. I. Escherichia coli
II. Corynebacterium jeikeum III. Campylobacter jejuni IV. Clostridium perfringens
Yukarıdaki bakterilerden hangisi gram negatif çomak morfolojisinde boyanmaz? A) Yalnız II B) Yalnız IV C) II ve IV D) II ve III E) I ve IV
43. Uzun ve zor bir ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakıma alınan bir
hastaya, 5. günde ventilatör pnömonisi tanısı konuluyor. Alınan bronkoskobik aspirat kültüründe gram negatif non-fermentatif çomaklar ürüyor. Yapılan antibiyotik duyarlılık testlerinde bakteri, trimetoprim- sulfametoksazole duyarlı, sefalosporinlere, anti-pseudomonal penisilinlere, aminoglikozidlere, imipenem ve kinolonlara dirençli bulunuyor.
Bu klinik tablodan sorumlu en olası etken aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Salmonella typhi B) Escherichia coli C) Clostridium difficile D) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia E) Brucella melitensis
44. On beş günlük kız bebek huzursuzluk, hareketlerinde
azalma ve kusma nedeniyle acil servise getiriliyor. Yapılan idrar incelemesinde mikroskopta her alanda 5-10 lökosit ve hareketli basiller; santrifüje edilmemiş idrar yaymasının Gram boyamasında her mikroskop sahasında 1-2 gram negatif basil görülüyor.
Bu tablodan sorumlu en olası etken aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Staphylococcus aureus B) Klebsiella pneumoniae C) Candida albicans D) Escherichia coli E) Streptococcus agalactiae
45. Kalça protezi operasyonundan sonra yağ embolisi gelişen
ve 15 gündür Dahiliye yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan 70 yaşındaki erkek hastada aniden yükselen ateş ve genel durum bozukluğu gelişiyor. Alınan kan kültürlerinde 4. günde anaerop gram pozitif basiller ürüyor.
Bu tablodan sorumlu en olası etken aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa B) Staphylococcus aureus C) Escherichia coli D) Staphylococcus epidermidis E) Propionibacterium acnes
46. AIDS hastası çocuklarda en sık fırsatçı enfeksiyon aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Sitomegalovirus retiniti B) Toxoplasma ensefeliti
C) Pneumocystis carinii/jirovecii pnömonisi D) Cryptococcus neoformans menenjiti E) Akciğer tüberkülozu
47.
I. Histoplasma capsulatum II. Aspergillus fumigatus III. Malassezia furfur IV. . Sporothrix schenckii
V. Penicillium (Talaromyces) marneffei
Yukarıdaki mantarlardan hangileri termal dimorfik üreyebilen mantarlardandır? A) II, III B) II, III ve IV C) I, IV ve V D) II ve V E) II, III ve V
48. Onikomikozu olan bir hastanın tırnak örneğinin direkt
incelemesinde hif ve sporlar görülüyor. Kültürde üreyen pamuğumsu, beyaz renkli, kırmızı pigmenti olan koloninin direkt incelemesinde gözyaşı damlası şeklinde mikrokonidyalar görülüyor.
Bu tablodan sorumlu en olası etken aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Trichophyton mentagrophytes B) Microsporum canis C) Trichophyton rubrum D) Epidermophyton floccosum E) Trichophyton soudanense
49. Progesteron ve östradiol reseptörleri barındırdığı için gebelerde üremesi kamçılanan ve sıklıkla menenjite neden olan dimorfik mantar aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Candida albicans B) Coccidioides immitis C) Cryptococcus neoformans D) Candida dubliniensis E) Blastomyces dermatitidis
50. Kırk sekiz yaşındaki bir kadın hastanın deltoid kas biyopsi
materyalinin hemotoksilen Eozin (H&E) boyamasında bir çift larva görülüyor. Görüntü aşağıdadır.
Bu hastada en olası tanı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Visseral larva migrans (Toxoara canis) B) Hidatik hastalık (Ekinokok türleri) C) Trişinozis (Trichinella spiralis)
D) Sparganozis (Spirometra mansonoides) E) Koenurozis (Taenia multiceps)
51. Aşağıdaki viruslardan hangisinin insanlarda hayvan kaynaklı enfeksiyona neden olma olasılığı en azdır?
A) Rhabdovirus B) Poxvirus C) Hanta virus
D) Varicella-zoster virus E) Hendra virus
52. Aşağıdaki viruslardan hangisinin insanlarda lenfoma gelişimine yol açma olasılığı en fazladır?
A) Human papilloma virusu B) Hepatit C virusu
C) Merkel hücresi polyomavirusu D) Hepatit B virusu
E) Sitomegalovirus
53. Ateş, halsizlik ve boğaz ağrısı yakınmalarıyla
polikliniğe başvuran 17 yaşındaki hastaya ampisilin tedavisi başlanıyor ancak 2 gün sonra cilt döküntüsü gelişen hasta tekrar acil servise geliyor. Hastanın fizik muayenesinde servikal lenfadenopati ve hepatosplenomegali saptanıyor. Periferik yaymasında atipik lenfositler görülüyor ve heterofil antikor testi pozitif bulunuyor.
Bu olguda taıyı kesinleştirmek için aşağıdaki testlerden hangisi yapılmalıdır?
A) Epstein-Barr virus Anti VCA IgG B) Sitomegalovirus IgM
C) Epstein-Barr virus Anti VCA IgM D) Adenovirus DNA
E) Antitoksoplazma IgM
54.
I. Opsonizasyon
II. Kompleman aktivasyonu III. Salgısal aktivite
IV. B hücre reseptörü görevi
Yukarıdakilerden hangileri immünglobülin G’nin özelliklerindendir?
A) I, II B) II, III C) II, III, IV D) I, III
E) I, IV
55. Apoptozisin en karakteristik mikroskobik bulgusu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Hücre membranının parçalanması B) Hücresel şişme
C) Sitoplazmada eozinofili artışı
D) Kromatinin nükleus kenarında kümelenmesi E) Miyelin figürlerin oluşması
56. Akciğerde nöroendokrin hücrelerden köken alan düşük dereceli tümör aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Skuamöz hücreli kanser B) Adenokanser
C) Küçük hücreli kanser D) Karsinoid tümör E) Mezotelyoma
57. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi malign bir damar tümörüdür? A) Kistik higroma B) Hemanjiyoendotelyoma C) Hemanjiyoperisitoma D) Glomus tümörü E) Piyojenik granülom
58. Aşağıdaki genetik hastalık gruplarından hangisi erkekleri, kadınlara göre daha sık etkiler?
A) Otozomal resesif hastalıklar B) Otozomal dominant hastalıklar
C) Genomik imprinting ile geçen hastalıklar D) X’e bağlı geçen hastalıklar
59. Elli beş yaşındaki kadın hasta, soğuk havada
ekstremitelerde solukluk, parmak uçlarında ağrı ve siyanoz şikâyetleri ile doktora başvuruyor. Tetkiklerinde anti-Scl 70 antikorları pozitif saptanıyor. Hastada takip eden yıllarda disfaji gelişimi dikkati çekiyor.
Bu hastada en olası tanı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Sistemik lupus eritematozus B) Skleroderma
C) Myastenia gravis D) Dermatomiyozit E) Primer biliyer siroz
60. Sekiz yaşında erkek hasta akut romatizmal ateş
geçirmekteyken ölüyor.
Bu hastanın otopsisinde kalpte aşağıdaki bulgulardan hangisinin görülmesi beklenmez?
A) Aschoff nodülleri B) MacCallum plakları C) Fibrinöz perikardit
D) Kapakların her iki tarafında düzensiz, enfektif vejetasyonlar
E) Miyokardit
61. Altmış sekiz yaşında asemptomatik bir erkek
hastanın periferik yayması aşağıda verilmiştir. Yaygın lenfadenopati ve hepatosplenomegalisi ile birlikte matür görünümlü yoğun lenfositler izlenmektedir.
Bu hastada en olası tanı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Akut Lenfoblastik Lösemi B) Akut Myeloid Lösemi C) Kronik Lenfositik Lösemi D) Kronik Myeloid Lösemi E) Kronik Myelomonositik Lösemi
62. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi obstrüktif akciğer hastalıklarından biri değildir?
A) Astım B) Amfizem C) Kronik bronşit D) Bronşektazi E) Sarkoidoz
