3. YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI
3.4. YSA’ların Sınıflandırılması
Com base nos resultados deste estudo, é possível concluir que:
- Apesar da resposta similar da FLtdf:EXtdf em relação à FLcon:EXcon, os significados fisiológicos e clínicos destas razões para a avaliação de jogadores de futebol podem não ser os mesmos. Além disso, decisões quanto à inclusão de jogadores em programas de treinamento e reabilitação que visam a correção de desequilíbrios musculares dos FL em relação aos EX deveriam considerar que tanto os valores quanto os efeitos do treino nestas razões podem apresentar respostas específicas.
- Apesar das reduções significantes do pico de torque e da TDF dos músculos FL e EX, somente as razões calculadas por meio do pico de torque foram sensíveis a um protocolo intermitente específico do futebol. Já a manutenção da FLtdf:EXtdf no início da contração sugere que a capacidade de estabilização do joelho parece estar comprometida somente na fase tardia da contração.
8. Referências bibliográficas
AAGAARD, P.; SIMONSEN, E. B.; ANDERSEN, J. L.; MAGNUSSON, P.; DYHRE- POULSEN, P. Increased rate of force development and neural drive of human skeletal muscle following resistance training. Journal of Applied Physiology, Bethesda, v. 93, p. 1318-1326, 2002.
AAGAARD, P.; SIMONSEN, E. B.; BEYER, N.; LARSSON, B.; MAGNUSSON, P.; KJAER, M. Isokinetic muscle strength and capacity for muscular knee joint stabilization in elite sailors. International Journal of Sports Medicine, Stuttgart, v. 18, p. 521-525, 1997. AAGAARD, P.; SIMONSEN, E. B.; MAGNUSSON, S. P.; LARSSON, B.; DYHRE- POULSEN, P. A new concept for isokinetic hamstring: quadriceps muscle strength ratio.
American Journal of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, v. 26, p. 231-237, 1998.
AAGAARD, P.; SIMONSEN, E. B.; TROLLE, M.; BANGSBO, J.; KLAUSEN, K. Isokinetic hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio: Influence from joint angular velocity, gravity correction and contraction mode. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, Stockholm, v. 154, p. 421-427, 1995.
ANDERSEN, L. L.; AAGAARD, P. Influence of maximal muscle strength and intrinsic muscle contractile properties on contractile rate of force development. European Journal of
Applied Physiology, Berlin, v. 96, p. 46-52, 2006.
ANDERSSON, H.; EKBLOM, B.; KRUSTRUP, P. Elite football on artificial turf versus natural grass: Movement pattern, technical standards, and player impressions. Journal of
Sports Science, Bursa, v. 26, p. 113-122, 2008.
ANDERSSON, H.; RAASTAD, T.; NILSSON, J.; PAULSEN, G.; GARTHE, I.; KADI, F. Neuromuscular fatigue and recovery in elite female soccer: effects of active recovery.
ATKINSON, G.; REILLY, T. Circadian variation in sports performance. Sports Medicine, London, v. 21, p. 292-312, 1996.
AZIZ, A. R.; CHIA, M.; THE, K. C. The relationship between maximal oxygen uptake and repeated sprint performance indices in field hockey and soccer players. Journal of Sports
Medicine and Physical Fitness, Torino, v. 40, p. 195-200, 2000.
BANGSBO, J. Fitness training in football - A scientific approach. Baegsvard: H+O Storm. 1994.
BANGSBO, J.; NORREGAARD, L.; THORSO, F. Activity profile of competition soccer.
Canadian Journal of Sport Science, Toronto, v. 16, p. 110-116. 1991.
BANGSBO, J.; IAIA, F. M.; KRUSTRUP, P. Metabolic response and fatigue in soccer.
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Champaign, v. 2, p. 111-
127, 2007.
BANGSBO, J.; MOHR, M. Variation in running speed and recovery time after a sprint during top-class soccer matches. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Madison, v. 37, p. 87, 2005.
BARCLAY, C. J. Mechanical efficiency and fatigue of fast and slow muscles of the mouse.
Journal of Physiology, Oxford, v. 497, p. 781-794, 1996.
BARROSO, G. C.; THIELE, E. S. Lesão muscular nos atletas. Revista Brasileira de
Ortopedia, São Paulo, v. 46, p. 354-358, 2011.
BELL, G. J.; PETERSEN, S. R.; QUINNEY, H. A.; WENGER, H. A. The effect of velocity- specific strength training on peak torque and anaerobic rowing power. Journal of Sports
Science, Bursa, v. 7, p. 205-214, 1989.
BEMBEN, M. G.; CLASEY, J. L.; MASSEY, B. H. The effect of the rate of muscle contraction on the force-time curve parameters of male and female subjects. Research
BIGLAND-RITCHIE, B.; FURBUSH, F.; WOODS, J.J. Fatigue of intermittent submaximal voluntary contractions: central and peripheral factors. Journal of Applied Physiology, Bethesda, v. 61, p. 421-429, 1986.
BOJSEN-MOLLER, J.; MAGNUSSON, P.; RASMUSSEN, L. R.; KJAER, M.; AAGAARD, P. Muscle performance during maximal isometric and dynamic contractions is in influenced by the stiffness of the tendinous structures. Journal of Applied Physiology, Bethesda, v. 99, p. 986-994, 2005.
BRUCKNER, P.; KHAN, K. (eds). Clinical Sports Medicine. Australia- McGraw-Hill, 2006.
BUCHANAN, T. S. Evidence that maximum muscle stress is not a constant: differences in specific tension in elbow flexors and extensors. Medical Engineering and Physics, v. 17, p. 529-536, 1995.
BURKE, L. Preparation for Competition. In: BURKE, L. E DEAKIN, V. Clinical. Sports
Nutrition. McGraw Hill, Austrália, p. 341-395, 2000.
CAMARDA, S. R. A.; DENADAI, B. S. Does muscle imbalance affect fatigue after soccer specific intermittent protocol? Journal of Science Medicine in Sport, Belconnen, v. 15, p. 355-360, 2012.
COBURN, J. W.; HOUSH, T. J.; CRAMER, J. T.; WEIR, J. P.; MILLER, J. M.; BECK, T. W.; MALEK, M. H.; JOHNSON, G. O. Mechanomyographic and electromyographic responses of the vastus medialis muscle during isometric and concentric muscle actions.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Champaign, v. 19, p. 412-420. 2005.
COHEN J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988.
COOMBS, R.; GARBUTT, G. Developments in the use of the hamstring/quadriceps ratio for the assessment of muscle balance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Bursa, v.1, p.56-62, 2002.
CORVINO, R. B.; CAPUTO, F.; OLIVEIRA, A. C.; GRECO, C. C; DENADAI, B. S. Rate of force development in different muscle velocities. Brazilian Journal of Sports Medicine, São Paulo, v. 15, p. 428-431, 2009.
COUNT, BIG. Censo Oficial da FIFA, http://www.fifa.com, 2011.
CROISIER, J. L.; GANTEAUME, S.; BINET, J.; GENTY, M.; FERRET, J. M. Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: a prospective study. American Journal of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, v. 36, p. 1469-1475, 2008.
CUNHA, F. A. Evolução da preparação física para o futebol no Brasil. Cooperativa do
fitness, Belo horizonte, 2003. disponível em: <http://www.cdof.com.br/futebol1.htm>.
DELAZERI, B.; PINTO, J.; COELHO, R.; LIBERALI, R. Índice de lesões musculares em jogadores profissionais de futebol com idade entre 18 e 34 anos. Revista Brasileira de
Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício, São Paulo, v. 2, p. 18-26, 2008.
DELEXTRAT, A.; GREGORY, J.; COHEN, D. The use of the functional H:Q ratio to assess fatigue in soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, Stuttgart, v. 31, p. 192-197, 2010.
DRAGANICH, L. F.; VAHEY, J. W. An in vitro study of anterior cruciate ligament strain induced by quadriceps and hamstrings forces. Journal of Orthopaetic Research, New York, v. 8, p. 57-63, 1990.
DRUST, B.; REILLY, T.; CABLE, N. T. Physiological responses to laboratory-based soccer specific intermittent and continuous exercise. Journal of Sports Science, Bursa, v. 18, p. 885-892, 2000.
cruciate ligament insufficiency. Clinical Biomechanics, Bristol, v. 4, p. 87-91, 1989.
EKBLOM, B. Applied physiology of soccer. Sports Medicine, London, v.3, p. 50-60, 1986. ENOKA, R. M.; STUART, D. G. Neurobiology of muscle fatigue. Journal of Applied
Physiology, Bethesda, v. 72, p. 1631-1648, 1992.
FEIRING, D. C.; ELLENBECKER, T. S.; DERSCHEID, G. L. Test-retest of the Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. Journal of Orthopaedic Sports Physical Therapy, Washington, v. 11, p. 298-300, 1989.
GANDEVIA, S.C. Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiological Reviews, Washington, v. 81, p. 1727-1789, 2001.
GARRETT, W. E. JR; CALIFF, J. C.; BASSETT, F. H. Histochemical correlates of hamstring injuries. American Journal of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, v. 12, p. 98-103, 1984.
GHORAYEB, N.; BARROS, T. O Exercício: Preparação fisiológica - Avaliação médica -
Aspectos especiais e preventivos. Atheneu, São Paulo, p. 131-146, 1999.
GOMES, A. C. Treinamento Desportivo - Estruturação e Periodização. Editora Artmed, 2002.
GREEN, H.J. Manifestation and sites of neuromuscular fatigue. Biochemistry of Exercise,
Champaign, p. 13-35, 1990.
GREIG, M. The influence of soccer-specific fatigue on peak isokinetic torque production of the knee flexors and extensors. American Journal of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, v. 36, p. 1403-1409, 2008.
GÜR, H.; AKOVA, B.; PÜNDÜK, Z.; KÜGÜKOGLU, S. Effects of age on the reciprocal peak torque ratios during knee muscle contractions in elite soccer players. Scandinavian
GUYTON, A. C.; HALL, J. E. Tratado de Fisiologia Médica. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 2002.
HAKKINEN, K.; ALEN, M.; KOMI, P.V. Changes in isometric force- and relaxation-time, electromyographic and muscle fibre characteristics of human skeletal muscle during strength training and detraining. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, Stockholm, v. 125, p. 573-585, 1985.
HAWKINS, R. D.; FULLER, C. W. A prospective epidemiological study of injuries in four English professional football clubs. British Journal of Sports Medicine, Loughbourgh, v. 33, p. 196-203, 1999.
HAWKINS R. D.; HULSE, M. A.; WILKINSON, C.; HODSON, A.; GIBSON, M. The association football medical research programme: an audit of injuries in professional football.
British Journal of Sports Medicine, Loughborough, v. 35, p. 43-47, 2001.
HEISER, T. M.; WEBER, J.; SULLIVAN, G.; CLARE, P.; JACOBS, R. R. Prophylaxis and management of hamstring muscle injuries in intercollegiate football players. American
Journal of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, v. 12, p. 368-370, 1984.
HELGERUD, J.; ENGEN, U.; WISLOFF; HOFF, J. Aerobic endurance training improves soccer performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Madison, v. 33, p.1925- 1931, 2001.
HEWETT, T. E.; LINDENFELD, T. N.; RICCOBENE, J. V.; NOYES, F. R. The effect of neuro-muscular training on the incidence of knee injury in female athletes. A prospective study. American Journal of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, v. 27, p. 699-706, 1999.
HEWETT, T. E.; MYER, G. D.; ZAZULAK, B. T. Hamstrings to quadriceps peak torque ratios diverge between sexes with increasing isokinetic angular velocity. Journal of Science
HOLTERMANN, A.; ROELEVELD, K.; VEREIJKEN, B.; ETTEMA, G. The effect of rate of force development on maximal force production: acute and training-related aspects.
European Journal of Applied Physiology, Berlin, v. 99, p. 605-613, 2007.
HUNTER, S.K.; DUCHATEAU, J.; ENOKA, R.M. Muscle fatigue and the mechanisms of task failure. Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, Philadelphia, v. 32, p. 44-49, 2004.
IMPELLIZZERI, F.M.; BIZZINI, M.; RAMPININI, E.; CEREDA, F.; MAFFIULETTI, N. A. Reliability of isokinetic strength imbalance ratios measured using the Cybex NORM dynamometer. Clinical Physiology Functional Imaging, Oxford, v.28, p.113-119, 2008. IGA J, GEORGE K, LEES A, REILLY T. Cross-sectional investigation of indices of isokinetic leg strength in youth soccer players and untrained individuals. Scandinavian
Journal Medicine Science Sports, Copenhagen. p. 1-6, 2008.
IOSSIFIDOU, A. N.; BALTZOPOULOS, V. Inertial effects on the assessment of performance in isokinetic dynamometry. International Journal of Sports Medicine, Stuttgart, v. 19, p. 567-573, 1998.
JARIC, S.; RISTANOVIC, D.; CORCOS, D. M. The relationship between muscle kinetic parameters and kinematic variables in a complex movement. European Journal of Applied
Physiology Occupation Physiology, Berlin, v. 59, p. 370-376, 1989.
JONES, A. M.; DOUST, J. H. A 1% treadmill grade most accurately reflects the energetic cost of outdoor running. Journal of Sports Science, Bursa, v.14, p.321-327, 1996.
KANNUS, P. Isokinetic evaluation of muscular performance: implications for muscle testing and rehabilitation. International Journal of Sports Medicine, Stuttgart, v. 15, p. 11-15, 1994.
KIM, D.; HONG, J. Hamstrings to quadriceps strength ratio and non-contact leg injuries: a prospective study during one season. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, Amsterdam, v. 19, p. 1-6, 2011.
KROSSHAUG, T.; NAKAMAE, A.; BODEN, B. P.; ENGEBRETSEN, L.; SMITH, G.; SLAUTERBECK, J. R.; HEWETT, T. E.; BAHR, R. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball: video analysis of 39 cases. American Journal of Sports
Medicine, Baltimore, v. 35, p. 359-367, 2007.
KRUSTRUP, P.; MOHR, M.; ELLINGSGAARD, H.; BANGSBO, J. Physical demands during an elite female soccer game: importance of training status. Medicine and Science in
Sports and Exercise, Madison, v. 37, p. 1242-1248, 2005.
KRUSTRUP, P.; MOHR, M.; STEENSBERG, A.; BENCKE, J.; KJAER, M.; BANGSBO, J. Muscle and blood metabolites during a soccer game: Implications for sprint performance.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Madison, v. 38, p. 1165-1174, 2006.
KRUSTRUP, P.; ZEBIS, M.; JENSEN, J.M.; MOHR, M. Game-induced fatigue patterns in elite female soccer. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Champaign, v. 24, p. 437-441, 2010.
LEHANCE, C.; BINET, J.; BURY, T.; CROISIER, L. Muscular strength, functional performances and injury risk in professional and junior elite soccer players. Scandinavian
Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Copenhagen, v. 19, p. 243-251, 2009.
LEPERS, R.; POUSSON, M.; MAFFIULETTI, N.A.; MARTIN, A.; VAN HOECKE, J. The effects of a prolonged running exercise on strength characteristics. International Journal of
Sports Medicine, Stuttgart, v. 21, p. 275-280, 2000.
LIND, M.; MENHERT, F.; PEDERSEN, A. B. The first results from the Danish ACL reconstruction registry: Epidemiologic and 2 year follow-up results from 5,818 knee ligament reconstructions. Knee Surgeon Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, Heidelberg v. 17, p. 117-124, 2009.
MAGALHÃES, J.; REBELO, A.; OLIVEIRA, E.; SILVA JR; MARQUES, F.; ASCENSÃO, A. Impact of Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test versus soccer match on physiological,
biochemical and neuromuscular parameters. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Berlin, v. 108, p. 39-48, 2010.
MELONI, V. H. M. O papel da hiperplasia na hipertrofia do músculo esquelético. Revista
Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, Florianópolis, v. 7, p. 59-63,
2005.
MILLET, G. Y.; LEPERS, R. Alteration of neuromuscular function after prolonged running, cycling and skiing exercise. Sports Medicine, London, v. 34, p. 105-116, 2004.
MOHR, M.; KRUSTRUP, P.; BANGSBO, J. Fatigue in soccer: a brief review. Journal of
Sports Science, Bursa, v. 23, p. 593-599, 2005.
MOHR M.; KRUSTRUP, P.; BANGSBO J. Match performance of high standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Science, Bursa, v. 21, p. 519-528, 2003.
MOHR, M.; KRUSTRUP, P.; NYBO, L.; NIELSEN, J. J.; BANGSBO, J. Muscle temperature and sprint performance during soccer matches-Beneficial effects of re-warm up at half time. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Copenhagen, v. 15 p. 136-143, 2004.
MOLINA, R.; DENADAI, B. S. Dissociated time course recovery between rate of force development and peak torque after eccentric exercise. Clinical Physiology and Functional
Imaging, v. 32, p. 179-184, 2012.
MONTGOMERY, W. H.; PINK, M.; PERRY, J. Electromyographic analysis of hip and knee musculature during running. American Journal of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, v. 22, p. 272-278, 1994.
MORE, R. C.; KARRAS, B. T.; NEIMAN, R.; FRITSCHY, D.; WOO, SL-Y.; DANIEL, D. M. Hamstrings - an anterior cruciate ligament protagonist: an in vitro study. American
MYKLEBUST, G.; MAEHLUM, S.; ENGEBRETSEN, L.; STRAND, T.; SOLHEIM, E. Registration of cruciate ligament injuries in Norwegian top level team handball. A prospective study covering two seasons. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in
Sports, Copenhagen, v. 7 p. 289-292, 1997.
PAASUKE, M.; ERELINE, J.; GAPEYEVA, H. Knee extension strength and vertical jumping performance in nordic combined athletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and
Physical Fitness, Torino, v. 41, p. 354-361, 2001.
OLIVEIRA, A. L. M.; GRECO, C. C.; MOLINA, R.; DENADAI, B. S. The rate of force development obtained at early contraction phase is not influenced by active static stretching.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Champaign, v. 26, p. 2174-2179, 2012.
OLIVEIRA, A. S.; CORVINO, R. B.; GONÇALVES, M.; CAPUTO, F.; DENADAI, B. S. Effects of a single habituation session on neuromuscular isokinetic profile at different movement velocities. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Berlin, v. 110, p. 1127- 1133, 2010.
OSTENBERG, A.; ROOS, H. Injury risk factors in female European football. A prospective study of 123 players during one season. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in
Sports, Copenhagen, v. 10, p. 279-285, 2000.
PROSKE, U.; MORGAN, L. Do cross-bridges contribute to the tension during stretch of passive muscle? Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility. Dordrecht, v. 20 p. 433- 442, 1999.
RAHNAMA, N.; REILLY, T.; LEES, A. Injury risk associated with playing actions during competitive soccer. British Journal of Sports Medicine, Loughborough, v. 36, p. 354-359, 2002.
RAHNAMA, N.; REILLY, T.; LEES, A.; GRAHAM-SMITH, P. Muscle fatigue induced by exercise simulating the work rate of competitive soccer. Journal of Sports Science, Bursa, v. 21, p. 933-942, 2003.
RAMPININI, E.; BOSIO, A.; FERRARESI, I.; PETRUOLO, A.; MORELLI, A.; SASSI, A. Match-related fatigue in soccer players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Madison, v. 43, p. 2161-2170, 2011.
RAMPININI, E.; COUTTS, A. J.; CASTAGNA, C.; SASSI, R.; IMPELLIZZERI, F. M. Variation in top level soccer match performance. International Journal of Sports
Medicine, Stuttgart, v. 28, p. 1018-1024, 2007.
RAMPININI, E.; IMPELLIZZERI, F. M.; CASTAGNA, C.; AZZALIN, A.; FERRARI BRAVO, D.; WISLOFF, U. Effect of match-related fatigue on short-passing ability in young soccer players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Madison, v. 40, p. 934-942, 2008.
RAYMUNDO, J. L. P.; RECKERS, J. L.; LOCKS, R.; SILVA, L.; HALLAL, P. C. Perfil das lesões e evolução da capacidade em atletas profissionais de futebol durante uma temporada.
Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia, São Paulo, v. 40, p. 6, 2005.
REBELO, N.; KRUSTRUP, P.; SOARES, J.; BANGSBO, J. Reduction in intermittent exercise performance during a soccer match. Journal of Sports Science, Bursa, v. 16, p. 482-483, 1998.
REILLY, T.; DORAN, D. Fitness assessment. In T. REILLY; A. M. WILLIAMS (Eds.).
Science and Soccer, London, v. 2, p. 21-46, 2003.
REILLY, T.; THOMAS, V. A motion analysis of work rate in different positional roles in professional soccer match-play. Journal of Human Movement Studies, Amsterdam, v. 2, p. 87-97, 1976.
for elite soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, Bursa, v. 18, p. 669-683, 2000.
RUDOLPH, K. S.; AXE, M. J.; BUCHANAN, T. S.; SCHOLZ, J. P.; SNYDER-MACKLER, L. Dynamic stability in the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee. Knee Surgeon Sports
Traumatology Arthroscopy, Heildelberg, v. 9, p. 62-71, 2001.
SAFRAN, M. R.; SEABER, A. V.; GARRETT, K. R. Warm-up and muscular injury prevention. An update. Sports Medicine, London, v. 8, p. 239-249, 1998.
SCHANTZ, P.; RANDALL-FOX, E.; HUTCHISON, W.; TYDE´N, A.; ASTRAND, P. O. Muscle fibre type distribution, muscle cross-sectional area and maximal voluntary strength in humans. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, Stockholm, v. 117, p. 219-226, 1983.
SEGER, J. Y.; WESTING, S. H.; HANSSON, M.; KARLSSON, E.; EKBLOM, B. A new dynamometer measuring concentric and eccentric muscle strength in accelerated, decelerated, or isokinetic movements. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Berlin, v. 57, p. 526- 530, 1988.
SOLE, G.; HAMRÉN, J.; MILOSAVLJEVIC, S.; NICHOLSON, H.; SULLIVAN, J. Test- retest reliability of isokinetic knee extension and flexion. Archives Physical Medicine
Rehabilitation, Chicago, v. 88, p. 626-631, 2007.
STØLEN, T.; CHAMARI, K.; CASTAGNA, C.; WISLØFF, U. Physiology of soccer: an update. Sports Medicine, London, v. 35, p. 501-536, 2005.
SVENSSON, M.; DRUST, B. Testing soccer players. Journal of Sports Science, Bursa, v. 23, p. 601-618, 2005.
TAYLOR, J. L.; TODD, G.; GANDEVIA, S. Evidence for a supraspinal contribution to human muscle fatigue. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, v. 33, p. 400-405, 2006.
THORLUND, J. B.; AAGAARD, P.; MADSEN, K. Rapid muscle force capacity changes after soccer match play. International Journal of Sports Medicine, Stuttgart, v. 30, p. 273-
278, 2009.
THORLUND, J. B.; MICHALSIK, L. B.; MADSEN, K.; AAGAARD, P. Acute fatigue- induced changes in muscle mechanical properties and neuromuscular activity in elite handball players following a handball match. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and
Science in Sports, Copenhagen, v. 18, p. 462-472, 2008.
VOLESTAD, N. K.; SEJERSTED, I.; SAUGEN, E. Mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle during intermittent voluntary isometric contractions in humans. Journal of Applied
Physiology, Bethesda, v. 83, p. 1557-1565, 1997.
VOLLESTAD, N.K.; SEJERSTED, O.M.; BAHR, R. WOODS, J.J.; BIGLAND-RITCHIE B. Motor drive and metabolic responses during repeated submaximal contractions in humans.
Journal of Applied Physiology, Bethesda, v. 64, p. 1421-1427, 1988.
VERRALL, G. M.; SLAVOTINEK, J. P.; BARNES, P. G.; FON, G. T.; SPRIGGINS, A. J. Clinical risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury: a prospective study with correlation of injury by magnetic resonance imaging. British Journal of Sports Medicine, Loughbourgh, v. 35, p. 435-439, 2001.
WILDE, L. D.; AUDENAERT, E.; BARBAIX, E.; AUDENAERT, A.; SOUDAN, K. Consequences of deltoid muscle elongation on deltoid muscle performance: the computerized study. Clinical Biomechanics, Bristol, v. 17, p. 499-505, 2002.
WILLIAMS, K. Biomechanics of running. Exercise Sports Science Reviews, Philadelphia, v. 13, p. 389-441, 1985.
WISLOFF, U.; HELGERUD, J.; HOFF, J. Strength and endurance of elite soccer players.
Medicine and science in sports and exercise, Madison, v. 30, p. 462-7, 1998.
WOODS, C.; HAWKINS, R. D.; MALTBY, S.; HUISE, M.; THOMAS, A.; HODSON, A. and Football association medical research programme. The football association medical
research programme: an audit of injuries in professional football-analysis of hamstring injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine, Loughbourgh, v. 38, p. 36-41, 2004.
YEUNG, S. S.; SUEN, A. M.; YEUNG, E. W. A prospective cohort study of hamstring injuries in competitive sprinters: preseason muscle imbalance as a possible risk factor.
British Journal of Sports Medicine, Loughbourgh, v. 43, p. 589-594, 2009.
ZEBIS, M. K.; ANDERSEN, L. L.; ELLINGSGAARD, H.; AAGAARD, P. Rapid hamstring/quadriceps force capacity in male vs. female elite soccer players. Journal of