• Sonuç bulunamadı

Bu çalıĢma kapsamında NaBH4 indirgenme yöntemi ile PdCo/CNT, PdMn/CNT,

PdZn/CNT, PdV/CNT katalizörler hazırlandı. Katalizörlerin fiziksel karakterizasyonları XRD, TEM ve XPS yöntemleri ile elektrokimyasal karakterizasyonları ise metanol, etanol ve etilen glikol elektrooksidasyon reaksiyonları için dönüĢümlü voltametri, kronoamperometri ve elektrokimyasal impedans yöntemleri ile incelendi. Ayrıca en yüksek katalitik aktiviteye sahip PdCo/CNT katalizörü ile potansiyel tarama hızı ve alkol deriĢimi gibi deneysel parametrelerin metanol, etanol ve etilen glikol elektrooksitlenmesi için etkileri incelenmiĢtir. Potansiyel tarama hızının alkol elektrooksidasyon reaksiyonuna etkisi incelendiğinde, potansiyel tarama hızının artıĢı ile ileri ve geri yöndeki pik akımlarının arttığı ve tarama hızlarının kareköküne karĢı pik akımı grafiklerinin doğrusal olduğu gözlenmiĢtir. Bu sonuç, PdCo/CNT modifiye GCE de alkol oksidasyonlarının difüzyon kontrollü olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca alkol deriĢiminin artması ile ileri yöndeki anodik pik akımının belirli deriĢime kadar arttığı ve pik potansiyelinde pozitif yönde kaymaların olduğu gözlenmiĢtir. Ayrıca farklı alkol ortamlarında yapılan kronoamperometrik çalıĢmalar sonucunda PdCo/CNT modifiye GCE‟nin kararlılığının en yüksek olduğu bulunmuĢtur. En son olarak alkol elektrooksidasyon kinetiğinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılan elektrokimyasal impedans spektroskopisi çalıĢmaları sonucu elde edilen Nyquist eğrileri incelendiğinde yarım daire çapının PdCo/CNT modifiye GCE için en düĢük olduğu bulunmuĢtur. Bu sonuç göstermektedir ki alkol elektrooksidasyon reaksiyonu PdCo/CNT modifiye GCE ile daha hızlı ve kolay gerçekleĢmektedir.

Sonuç olarak PdCo/CNT katalizörünün yüksek katalitik aktiviteye ve kararlılığa sahip olduğu ve zehirlenme toleransının iyi olduğu bulunmuĢtur.

KAYNAKLAR

Alvi, M., Akhtar, M. S., 2016, An effective and low cost PdCe bimetallic decorated carbon nanofibers as electro-catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells applications,

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 684, 524-529.

Antolini, E., Gonzalez, E., 2010, Alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells, Journal of Power

Sources, 195 (11), 3431-3450.

Aydın, M., 2007, Pem Yakıt Pilinin İki Boyutlu Modellemesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ġstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Enerji Enstitüsü, Ġstanbul.

Bangisa, A., 2013, Electrochemical study of electrode support material for direct

methanol fuel cell applications, Master Thesis, The Deparment of Chemistry,

University of Western Cape, South Africa.

Bianchini, C., Shen, P. K., 2009, Palladium-based electrocatalysts for alcohol oxidation in half cells and in direct alcohol fuel cells, Chemical reviews, 109 (9), 4183- 4206.

Brandalise, M., Tusi, M. M., Piasentin, R. M., Santos, M., Spinacé, E. V., Neto, A. O., 2012, Synthesis of PdAu/C and PdAuBi/C electrocatalysts by borohydride reduction method for ethylene glycol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium, Int J

Electrochem Sci, 7 (10), 9609.

Caglar, A., Kivrak, H., 2019, Highly active carbon nanotube supported PdAu alloy catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline environment, international

journal of hydrogen energy, 44 (23), 11734-11743.

Choi, H., 2014, Alcohol Oxidation Reactions on Porous PtCu/C Catalysts, Master Thesis, The Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columnus. Chu, D., Wang, J., Wang, S., Zha, L., He, J., Hou, Y., . . . Tian, Z., 2009, High activity

of Pd–In2O3/CNTs electrocatalyst for electro-oxidation of ethanol, Catalysis

Communications, 10 (6), 955-958.

de Souza, L. L., Neto, A. O., Christina, A. d. O., 2017, Direct Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol on PtSn/C for Application in Alkaline Fuel Cell, Int J Electrochem Sci,

12, 11855-11874.

Deraz, N., 2018, The comparative jurisprudence of catalysts preparation methods: I. Precipitation and impregnation methods, J. Ind. Environ. Chem, 2 (2), 19-21. Døssland, L. T., 2012, Electro-oxidation of ethanol at Pt electrodes with the use of a

Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (DEIS) technique, Master

Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim

El-Desawy, M., 2007, Characterization and Application of Aromatic SelfAssembled

Monolayers, Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Physics, University of Bielefeld

Bielefeld.

Fadzillah, D., Kamarudin, S. K., Zainoodin, M., Masdar, M., 2019, Critical challenges in the system development of direct alcohol fuel cells as portable power supplies: an overview, international journal of hydrogen energy.

Fan, Y., Zhang, J., Li, Q., Zhang, J., 2016, Advanced Anode Catalysts for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells, Nanomaterials for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell, pp. 17, Pan Stanford.

Fathirad, F., Mostafavi, A., Afzali, D., 2017, Bimetallic Pd–Mo nanoalloys supported on Vulcan XC-72R carbon as anode catalysts for direct alcohol fuel cell,

Fiévet, F., Ammar-Merah, S., Brayner, R., Chau, F., Giraud, M., Mammeri, F., . . . Viau, G., 2018, The polyol process: a unique method for easy access to metal nanoparticles with tailored sizes, shapes and compositions, Chemical Society

Reviews, 47 (14), 5187-5233.

Geraldes, A. N., da Silva, D. F., da Silva, J. C. M., de Sá, O. A., Spinacé, E. V., Neto, A. O., dos Santos, M. C., 2015, Palladium and palladium–tin supported on multi wall carbon nanotubes or carbon for alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell, Journal of

Power Sources, 275, 189-199.

Giorgi, L., Leccese, F., 2013, Fuel cells: technologies and applications, The Open Fuel

Cells Journal, 6, 1-20.

Gözutok, B., 2007, Poli (Vinil Alkol)(Pva) Bazlı Membranların Yakıt Hücrelerine

Uygulanabilirliğinin İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen

Bilimleri Enstitüsü Ankara.

Holland, B., Zhu, J., Jamet, L., 2007, Fuel cell technology and application, Paper presented at the Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC 2001).

Jurzinsky, T., Kammerer, P., Cremers, C., Pinkwart, K., Tübke, J., 2016, Investigation of ruthenium promoted palladium catalysts for methanol electrooxidation in alkaline media, Journal of Power Sources, 303, 182-193.

Kashyap, D., Dwivedi, P. K., Pandey, J. K., Kim, Y. H., Kim, G. M., Sharma, A., Goel, S., 2014, Application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in bio-fuel cell characterization: A, international journal of hydrogen energy, 39 (20159), e20170.

Khan, M. Y., 2019, Performance analysis of solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid

system, Master Thesis, The Graduate School of Engineering and Natural

Sciences, Sabancı University, Ġstanbul.

Kim, C., Lee, H., 2013, Applying Shape‐Controlled Pt Nano‐dendrites Supported on Carbon for Membrane‐Electrode Assembly in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Fuel Cells, 13 (5), 889-894.

Kıvrak, H. D., 2019, Yakıt Pili Katalizörleri, Yakıt Pili Katalizörleri, pp. 37-99, Gece Kitaplığı.

Kumar, A., Yadav, N., Bhatt, M., Mishra, N. K., Chaudhary, P., Singh, R., 2015, Sol- gel derived nanomaterials and it‟s applications: a review, Research Journal of

Chemical Sciences, 2231, 606X.

Lançon, A. D., 2011, Electrochemical Analysis Supoorted by Macro and

Microelectrode Array, Doctoral Thesis, Durham University, Durham.

Landage, S., Wasif, A., Dhuppe, P., 2014, Synthesis of nanosilver using chemical reduction methods, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering

and Applied Sciences, 3 (5), 14-22.

Liao, S., Li, B., Li, Y., 2008, Physical characterization of electrocatalysts, PEM Fuel

Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers, pp. 487-546, Springer.

Lim, E. J., Kim, Y., Choi, S. M., Lee, S., Noh, Y., Kim, W. B., 2015, Binary PdM catalysts (M= Ru, Sn, or Ir) over a reduced graphene oxide support for electro- oxidation of primary alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol) under alkaline conditions, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3 (10), 5491-5500.

Lindberg, A. H. C., 2017, Growth of Ag-seeded III-V Nanowires and TEM

Characterization, Doctoral Thesis, Niels Bohr Institute, University of

Copenhagen, Copenhagen.

Maya-Cornejo, J., Arjona, N., Guerra-Balcázar, M., Álvarez-Contreras, L., Ledesma- García, J., Arriaga, L., 2014, Synthesis of Pd-Cu bimetallic electrocatalyst for

ethylene glycol and glycerol oxidations in alkaline media, Procedia Chemistry,

12, 19-26.

Meng, L.-Y., Wang, B., Ma, M.-G., Lin, K.-L., 2016, The progress of microwave- assisted hydrothermal method in the synthesis of functional nanomaterials,

Materials today chemistry, 1, 63-83.

Mkwizu, S. P., 2015, Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterisation of Multimetallic

Nanostructured Electrocatalysts, Doctoral Thesis, The Faculty of Natural and

Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria.

Nacef, M., Affoune, A., 2011, Comparison between direct small molecular weight alcohols fuel cells‟ and hydrogen fuel cell‟s parameters at low and high temperature. Thermodynamic study, international journal of hydrogen energy,

36 (6), 4208-4219.

Neto, A. O., Tusi, M. M., de Oliveira Polanco, N. S., Da Silva, S. G., Dos Santos, M. C., Spinace, E. V., 2011, PdBi/C electrocatalysts for ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium, international journal of hydrogen energy, 36 (17), 10522- 10526.

Ning, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Huang, Z., Zhu, A., Zhang, Q., Liu, Q., 2019, Palladium- based nanocatalysts anchored on CNT with high activity and durability for ethanol electro-oxidation, Electrochimica Acta, 297, 206-214.

Oğuz, O. E., 2006, Hidrojen Yakıt Pilleri ve PEM Yakıt Pilinin Analizi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.

Öztürk, A., 2010, Sodyum Bor Hidrür Yakıt Pili Atığının Geri Kazanımı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ġstanbul.

Ramli, Z., Kamarudin, S. K., 2018, Platinum-Based Catalysts on Various Carbon Supports and Conducting Polymers for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications: a Review, Nanoscale research letters, 13 (1), 410.

Ramulifho, T., Ozoemena, K. I., Modibedi, R. M., Jafta, C. J., Mathe, M. K., 2012, Fast microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of metal nanoparticles (Pd, Ni, Sn) supported on sulfonated MWCNTs: Pd-based bimetallic catalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium, Electrochimica Acta, 59, 310-320.

Ren, Y., Zhang, S., Li, H., 2014, Electro-oxidation of methanol on SnO2-promoted Pd/MWCNTs catalysts in alkaline solution, international journal of hydrogen

energy, 39 (1), 288-296.

Riese, A., 2015, Nanostructured Carbon Materials for Active and Durable

Electrocatalysts and Supports in Fuel Cells, Master Thesis, Mechanical &

Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario.

Rout, N., 2013, Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of Monometallic Pd

and AgPd Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Different Solvent Media, Master Thesis,

Department Of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Rourkela.

Ruiz-Camacho, B., Medina-Ramírez, A., Aguilera, M. V., Minchaca-Mojica, J., 2019, Pt supported on mesoporous material for methanol and ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium, international journal of hydrogen energy, 44 (24), 12365- 12373.

Sairi, M., 2014, The Preparation and Electrochemical Characterization of Nanopore

Array Membranes, Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Science and Engineering

Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley.

Santasalo-Aarnio, A., 2012, Ex situ and in situ characterization of Direct Alcohol Fuel

Cell anode materials, Doctoral Thesis, Department of Chemistry, Aalto

Sekar, N., Ramasamy, R. P., 2013, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for microbial fuel cell characterization, J Microb Biochem Technol S, 6 (2).

Shen, S., Zhao, T., Xu, J., Li, Y., 2010, Synthesis of PdNi catalysts for the oxidation of ethanol in alkaline direct ethanol fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources, 195 (4), 1001-1006.

Sung, W., 2006, A methanol and hydrogen peroxide fuel cell using non-noble catalysts

in alkaline solution, Master Thesis, The Department of Electrical and Computer

Engineering, Louisiana State University, Louisiana.

Ulas, B., Caglar, A., Kivrak, A., Kivrak, H., 2019, Atomic molar ratio optimization of carbon nanotube supported PdAuCo catalysts for ethylene glycol and methanol electrooxidation in alkaline media, Chemical Papers, 73 (2), 425-434.

Wang, J., 2000, Controlled-potential Techniquies, Analytical Electrochemistry, pp. 67- 114, John Wiley & Sons.

Wang, Y., Sheng, Z. M., Yang, H., Jiang, S. P., Li, C. M., 2010, Electrocatalysis of carbon black-or activated carbon nanotubes-supported Pd–Ag towards methanol oxidation in alkaline media, international journal of hydrogen energy, 35 (19), 10087-10093.

Yang, Y., Wang, W., Liu, Y., Wang, F., Zhang, Z., Lei, Z., 2015, Carbon supported heterostructured Pd–Ag nanoparticle: Highly active electrocatalyst for ethylene glycol oxidation, international journal of hydrogen energy, 40 (5), 2225-2230. Ye, N., Yan, T., Jiang, Z., Wu, W., Fang, T., 2018, A review: Conventional and

supercritical hydro/solvothermal synthesis of ultrafine particles as cathode in lithium battery, Ceramics International, 44 (5), 4521-4537.

Yeğen, G., 2009, Doğrudan Mtanol Yakıt Pili Membran Elektrot Bileşkesinin Tasarımı

ve Optimizasyonu, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ġstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri

Enstitüsü, Ġstanbul.

Yusoff, A. H., Salimi, M. N., Jamlos, M. F., 2018, A review: Synthetic strategy control of magnetite nanoparticles production, Advances in nano research, 6 (1), 1-19. Zhang, R., 2018, Electrocatalysis for direct alcohol–alkaline fuel cells, Doctoral Thesis,

Loughborough University, Loughborough.

Zhang, S., Liu, L., Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Wan, Z., Zhou, L., 2019, Pd-Ru-Bi nanoalloys modified three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide/MOF-199 composites as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for ethylene glycol electrooxidation, Applied

Surface Science.

Zhang, X., Tsang, K.-Y., Chan, K.-Y., 2004, Electrocatalytic properties of supported platinum–cobalt nanoparticles with uniform and controlled composition, Journal

of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 573 (1), 1-9.

Zhu, F., Ma, G., Bai, Z., Hang, R., Tang, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., 2013, High activity of carbon nanotubes supported binary and ternary Pd-based catalysts for methanol, ethanol and formic acid electro-oxidation, Journal of Power Sources,

242, 610-620.

Zhu, F., Wang, M., He, Y., Ma, G., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., 2014, A comparative study of elemental additives (Ni, Co and Ag) on electrocatalytic activity improvement of PdSn-based catalysts for ethanol and formic acid electro-oxidation,

ÖZGEÇMĠġ

KĠġĠSEL BĠLGĠLER

Adı Soyadı : Ebru ÖZKAN

Uyruğu : T.C.

Doğum Yeri ve Tarihi : Bağcılar/ 25.06.1993

e-mail : ebruozkan93@hotmail.com.tr EĞĠTĠM

Derece Adı, Ġlçe, Ġl Bitirme Yılı

Lise : Bağcılar Lisesi 2011

Üniversite : Selçuk Üniversitesi 2015

Yüksek Lisans : Selçuk Üniversitesi YABANCI DĠLLER

Ġngilizce

BELĠRTMEK ĠSTEĞĠNĠZ DĠĞER ÖZELLĠKLER

YAYINLAR

 Özlem ġahin, Ebru Özkan, Orhan Alal, Hilal Kıvrak, Gülnare Ahmetli, “Pd Based Catalysts For Fuel Cell Aplications”, 3rd International Conference on Advanced Technology & Sciences (ICAT-16), (1-3.09.2016).

 Hilal Demir Kıvrak, Özlem Sahin, Ebru Özkan, “Pd based Catalysts for Electrochemical Detection of H2O2. III International Conference on Engineering

and Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, May 3-7, 2017.

 Hilal Demir Kivrak, Ebru Ozkan, Burak Yapıcı, Sumeyye Dogan, Shekiba Muhammady, Ozlem Sahin “Bimetallic Particles for Ethanol Electro-oxidation”, 3rd International Hydrogen Technologies Congress, Alanya, Turkey, 15-18 March, 2018.

 Özlem ġahin, Ebru Özkan, Rabia Esra Takır, Abdullah Nadeesh, Hilal Demir Kıvrak “Electrocatalytic Performance of Pd Based Bimetallic Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation Reaction” 3rd International Hydrogen Technologies Congress, Alanya, Turkey, 15-18 March, 2018.

 Hilal Demir Kivrak, Ebru Özkan, Ozlem Sahin, “Structure Sensitivity of Direct Alcohol Electro-oxidation Reaction Catalysts” 3rd International Hydrogen Technologies Congress, Alanya, Turkey, 15-18 March, 2018.

 Ozlem Sahin, Ebru Ozkan, Hilal Demir Kivrak, “Comparison of Alcohol Electro-oxidation in Alkaline Medium” 3rd International Hydrogen Technologies Congress, Alanya, Turkey, 15-18 March, 2018.

 Berdan Ulas, Özlem Sahin, Hilal Demir Kıvrak, Ebru Özkan (2016). Electrocatalytic oxidation of ethylene glycol at MPd( M: Mn, Zn) core Shell and alloy bimetallic catalysts. 3rd International Nanoscience and Nanotechnolgy for Next Generation Conference, Antalya, Turkey, October 20-22, 2016.

Benzer Belgeler