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Hematolojik Hastalıklarda Ağız Sağlığı Durum Değerlendirilmesi; Kesitsel Çalışma

Hematolojik hastalıklar günümüzde oldukça yaygın ve oral semptom ve komplikasyonları olan hastalık gruplarıdır. Hematolojik hastalıkların başlıca önemli oral etkileri; oral enfeksiyonlar, uzamış kanama zamanı, mukozal lezyonlardır. Hematoloji hastalarının dental, periodontal ve mukozal durumları, tedavi aşamaları boyunca değişiklikler gösterebilir.

Uygulanan tedavilerin çeşitli safhalarında ağız içi komplikasyonlar meydana gelmektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı hematolojik tedavi safhalarındaki hastaların ağız içi yumuşak doku ve periodonsiyum durumlarının değerlendirilmesi idi.

Çalışmamıza hematolojik teşhis konulmuş ve tedavi gören 72 kadın 128 erkek, toplam 200 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların hematolojik tedavi safhası, demografik verileri, periodontal indeksleri (cep derinliği, sondlamada kanama), oral toksisite skalası kullanılarak oral mukoza değerlendirmesi yapıldı. Yapılan değerlendirmelerin hematolojik hastalık ve tedavi tiplerine göre dağılımları incelendi.

Hastaların % 46,5’i akut lösemi, % 35’i lenfoma tipleri, % 18,5’i diğer hematolojik hastalık teşhisiyle tedavi ediliyordu. 200 hastanın % 7’si kemoterapi öncesi, % 21 ü kemoterapide,

%11’i kemoterapi sonrası, % 13 ve % 37’si de sırasıyla, hematopoietik hücre transplantasyonu öncesi ve sonrası,%11’i diğer sistemik problemlerle ilgili tedavi aldıkları dönemdeydi. Oral mukoza değerlendirilmesinde % 8,5 hastanın farklı derecelerde mukozitisi, %17’ sinde likenoid benzeri ve % 12,5’ inde çeşitli mukozal değişimler gözlendi.

Ortalama cep derinliği 1,76±0,70 olarak bulunmuştur.

Sonuç olarak sadece hematolojik hastalıklar değil uygulanan tedaviler de ağız sağlığını etkilemektedir.

Anahtar sözcükler: hematolojik hastalıklar, periodontitis, yumuşak doku lezyonu

SUMMARY

Oral Health Status Evaluatıon in Hematologıcal Diseases: A Cross-Sectıonal Study

Hematologic diseases have oral symptoms and complications and are prevelant. The main significant oral complications of hematologic diseases are oral infections, prolonged bleeding time and mucosal lesions. The periodontal and mucosal status of hematology patients can vary throughout the stages of treatment.

Aim of this study is to evaluate the periodontal and mucosal status in various stages of treatment of patients with various hematologic diseases.

72 women 128 men in total, 200 patients that are being treated were included in the study.

Treatment phase of haematological patients, demographic data, the periodontal index (pocket depth, bleeding on probing) and the oral mucosa were assessed by using oral toxicity scale.

The distribution of periodontal and mucosal status according to the types and treatment modalities of hematological disorders were evaluated.

46,5% of the patients were acute leukemia, 35% lymphoma types, 18,5% other hematological disorders. 7% of them were before the chemotherapy period, 21% during the chemotherapy, 11% after chemotherapy, 13% and 37%, before and after hematopoietic cell transplantation, 11% therapy for other systemic problems period, respectively. The distribution of mucosal lesions were 8.5% mucositis with different degrees, 17% lichenoid-like changes and 12,5% with various mucosal alterations. The mean pocket depth 1,76 ± 0,70.

Within the limits of this study, not only in hematologic diseases but the treatment modalities were found as having effect on the oral health status.

Key words: hematologic diseases, periodontitis, soft tissue lesion

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