Names of places:

phrase of porridge wogs, which he translates as yulaf çorbası solucanları. In effect, the phrasal stress in this noun phrase falls on the noun, i. e. wogs, for the aim of using the noun wogs here is to offend the Scottish people and to eventually marginalize them. Thus, the strategy which is used for the translation of the noun wog should determine the translation approach of the whole noun phrase. Therefore, by foreignizing porridge as yulaf çorbası, but by domesticating wogs as solucanları, Kaliç splits, hence in a way, damages the phrasal stress in the said noun phrase; hence, he inconveniences the translation approach he mainly uses to be detected by the researcher. Nonetheless, as it is already posited above, since the strategy employed for the translation of a noun should determine the translation approach of a noun phrase, this study will presume the translation approach used by Kaliç for this noun phrase to be a domesticating one as he domesticates the noun in the noun phrase in question.

Finally, when the degree of Scottish otherness made visible to the Turkish readers is considered, Pardo is much more successful than Kaliç, who domesticates the translation on the whole, in displaying the Scottish otherness in the target text thanks to not veiling the coarseness of the word wog, which is in fact used in the source text to scorn the Scots, by foreignizing his translation.

Princess Street, literally Prenses Caddesi in Turkish, is an uptown street which is crowded with tourists and shoppers instead of Edinburghers, along which Renton and the kind hate walking. This street represents the harsh contrast between people who have the purchasing power, such as tourists and shoppers, and who do not have that power. Hence, Renton realizes that “certain visitors” are much more valuable than certain marginal “residents” of the city of Edinburgh (MacLeod 91). Therefore, in Trainspotting, Welsh depicts the city in terms of two socio-economical and linguistic splits (Morace, Welsh 40). Renton and his friends obviously do not seem to fit in the uptown city, where it has more to offer to tourists than to its low-income dwellers. This is because of the fact that the Thatcherite Governments pursued a

“globalizing economy”, which left many middle-class Scots unemployed, whereas it enriched others, such as shoppers and tourists, and facilitated them to spend more and become the

SABRİ KALİÇ AVİ PARDO

Bi yeri tanımak için orda ya-şamalısınız, ama gerçekten nasıl olduğunu görmek için bi süre yabancı kalıp öyle gelmelisiniz derler.

Prenses Caddesi boyunca Spud’la yürüdüğümüzü hatırladım.

Kapitalizmin ikiz lanetleri olan turistler ve alışverişçiler tarafından işgal edilmiş olan bu ibne caddede yürümeyi hiç sevmem. Kaleye baktım ve benim için sıradan bi yapı olduğunu düşündüm. British Home Stores veya Virgin Records gibi sıradan bi yapıydı işte. (p. 260).

Bir yeri tanımak için orda yaşamak gerektiğini söylerler, fakat gerçekten görebilmek için orayı yeniden ziyaret etmek gerekir.

Princes Caddesi’nde Spud’la yürüdüğümü hatırlıyorum; modern kapitalizmin ikiz laneti turistler ve tüketicilerin katlettiği o caddede yürümekten nefret ederiz ikimiz de.

Şatoya bakıp benim için sıradan bir bina olduğunu düşünüyorum. Bizim zihnimizde Britlsh Home Stores ya da Virgin Records gibi yerlerden bir farkı yok. (p. 234)

DAVIES’

STRATEGY

Preservation of

Princes Street - Preservation of

Princes Street - VENUTI’S

APPROACH Foreignization - Foreignization -

eventual slaves of the capitalist system (Morace, Welsh 15). Therefore, in Trainspotting, as it was also the case in Rose Street above, Renton is again highly aware of his social circle’s socio-economic position within the city and within the Kingdom on the whole, which causes him to resort to reviling the street as being a “hideous street, deadened by tourists and shoppers, the twin curses of modem capitalism” (228).

Therefore, Princess Street is significant for the Scots as it is representative of the economic system and the purchasing power, and this turns it into a culture-specific item. Moreover, since there is a stark difference between the financial situation of Renton and the people who can entertain the benefits of that street, this street emerges as an obvious proof of the otherness the Scots are led to.

As regards the Turkish translation of Princes Street, Kaliç transliterates the name of the street; that is to say, he renders Princes, i. e., Princess as Prenses. Then, both Kaliç and Pardo prefer to keep the culturally-bound phrase in the target texts; that is to say, they literally translate the culture-specific item. They, therefore, both preserve the culture-specific item in their translations. As both translators use the translation strategy of preservation, they both do foreignizing translations.

Thus, since both translators prefer to foreignize their translations, they both try to recreate the otherness of the Scottish culture in the target texts they formed, and the degree of the Scottish otherness made visible to Turkish readers through those target texts weigh equal.

EXAMPLE 4:

SOURCE TEXT

IRVINE WELSH

The deal concluded, Spud and Second Prize hit Soho to celebrate. They are typical new boys in town, attracted to that famous square mile like kids to a toy shop. Sick Boy and Begbie go to shoot what proves to be a competitive game of pool in the Sir George Robey with two Irish guys they team up with. London old stagers, they are contemptous of their friends’ fascination for Soho.

(p. 340)

Soho is the name of a small but central “area of the City of Westminster and part of the West End of London”, UK (Encyclo.co.uk). After the 1980s, the district became a very fashionable and multicultural one, popular for its stylish restaurants and multifarious cultural and recreational activities for both Londoners of all walks of life and tourists (Encyclo.co.uk).

In Trainspotting, Soho is referred to be an engaging place which attracts the attention of its first-time-comers, such as the Trainspotting characters from Leith who seldom go visit

TARGET TEXT 1 SABRİ KALİÇ

TARGET TEXT 2

AVİ PARDO Anlaşma sağlandıktan sonra Spud ve

İkincilik Ödülü hemen Soho’ya bunu ıslatmaya gittiler. Kilometrekarelik uzaklıktan bir çocuğun oyuncakçı dükkânından etkilenmesi gibi etkilenen iki köylü çocuğuydular sonuçta. Sick Boy ve Begbie karşı takım oluşturan iki İrlandalı tiple birlikte iddialı bir bilardo maçı yap-mak üzere Sir George Robey’e takıldılar. Eskiden beri gelip giden tipler olarak, arkadaşlarının Soho merakına hor gözle bakıyorlardı.

(p. 378-9)

Alışveriş tamamlandıktan sonra Spud’la Second Prize kutlamak için Soho’nun yolunu tuttu. O ünlü iki kilometrekarelik alandan bir çocuğun oyuncakçı dükkânından etkilendiği gibi etkilenen, kente yeni gelmiş iki hödükten farkları yoktu. Sick Boy’la Begbie bilardo oynamak için Sir George Robey’e gidip iki İrlandalıyla çetin bir maç yaptılar. Londra’ya sıkça gidip gelen tipler olarak arkadaşlarının

Soho düşkünlüğünü

küçümsüyorlardı.

(p. 345)

DAVIES’

STRATEGY

Preservation of Soho

-

Preservation of Soho

-

VENUTI’S

APPROACH Foreignization - Foreignization -

London. However, albeit its fascination and colorful vigor, Soho becomes ordinary for Leithers who frequent it. Therefore, Soho comes to be an indicator of the provincialism of the Leithers. Therefore, Soho is the yardstick for the Scottish people within this context, illustrative of their parochial attitudes; hence, it becomes a culture-specific item.

Soho is preserved in the two Turkish translations; therefore both of the translators foreignize their translations due to their use of the strategy of preservation. Then, the Scottish otherness made visible in the Turkish translations, both translators are equally able to recreate the marginality of the Scots as a result of doing foreignizing translations by preserving the name of the place mentioned above.