1. Bitanihirwe BYK, Woo TW. Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia: An Integrated Approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2011; 35(3): 878–893.
2. Öztürk MO, Uluşahin A. Şizofreni. Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları. pp. 242-333, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, İstanbul, 2008.
3. Kaplan-Sadok’s . Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Ed: Aydın H ve Bozkurt A, pp. 1329-1512, A. Güneş Kitabevi, İstanbul, 2007.
4. Palmer BW, Heaton RK, Paulsen JS. Is it possible to be schizophrenic yet neuropsyologically normal? Neuropsychology, 1997; 11(3) : 437-446.
5. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. Oxygen free radicals and iron in relation to biology and medicine: some problems and concepts. Arch Biochem Biophys, 1986; 246(2) :501-14.
6. Choy KH, Dean O, Berk M, Bush AI, van den Buuse M. Effects of N- acetyl-cysteine treatment on glutathione depletion and a short-term spatial memory deficit in 2-cyclohexene-1-one-treated rats. Eur J Pharmacol, 2010; 649(1-3):224-8.
7. Stadtman ER. Protein axidation and againg. Sience, 1992; 257(5074):1220-1224.
8. Akyol O. The indices of endogenous oxidative and antioxidative processes in plasma from schizophrenic patients the possible role of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 2002; 995–1005.
9. Ciobica A, Padurariu M, Dobrin I, Stefanescu C, Dobrin R. Oxidative Stress In Schizophrenia Focusıng On The Main Markers-Psychiatria Danubina. 2011; 23(3):237-245.
10. Köroğlu E, Güleç C. Şizofreni. Psikiyatri Temel Kitabı. pp. 184-205. Hekimler Yayın Birliği, Ankara, 2007.
11. Işık E. Güncel Şizofreni. pp. 18-223, Format Matbaacılık , Ankara, 2006.
12. Stefan M, Travis M, Murray MR. An Atlas of Schiophrenia. New York, USA, 2002.
13. Ceylan ME, Çetin M. Araştırma ve Klinik Uygulamada Biyolojik Psikiyatri. pp.83-613,İstanbul, 2005.
14. Ebert MH, Loosen PT, Nurcombe B. Current Psikiyatri Tanı ve Tedavi. A Lange Medical Book. pp. 260-278. Güneş Kitabevi, Ankara, 2003.
15. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği: Mental Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal Elkitabı, 4. Baskı (DSM IV), Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği, Washington DC, (1994) Çeviri Ed: Köroğlu E, pp. 337-363 Hekimler Yayın Birliği, Ankara, 1998
16. Işık E, Taner E, Işık U. Güncel Klinik Psikiyatri. pp. 81-115, Organon yayınevi, Ankara, 2008.
17. Robbins LN, Reiger DA. Psychiatric disorders in America. The free pres, New York, 1991.
18. Nasrallah HA, Smeltzer DJ. The patient with schizophrenia. Handbooks for health care. 2003; 23-25.
19. Hefner H. Gender differences in Schizophrenia. Psychoendocrinology, 2003; 28: 17-54.
20. Riecher-Rössler A, fatkenheuer B, Löffler W . Is age of onsetin schizophrenia inluenced by marial status? Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 1992; 27: 122-128.
21. Tien AY, Eaton WW. Psychopathologic precursors and sociodemographic risk factors fort he schizophrenia syndrome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1992; 49:37-46.
22. Susser E, Neugebauer R, Hoek HW . Schizophrenia after prenatal famine; further evidence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1996; 53: 25-31.
23. McGrath JJ, Welham JL. Season of birth and schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from southern hemisphere. Schizophrenia Research, 1999; 35: 237-242.
24. Brown AS, Cohen P, Greenwald S,Susser E. Nonaffective psychosis after prenatal exposure to rubella. American Journal of Psychiatry, 2000; 157: 438-443.
25. Torrey EF, Miller JI, Rawlings R, Yolken RH. Seasonality of births in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; A review of the literature. Schizophrenia Research, 1997; 28: 1-38.
26. Conejero–Goldberg C, Torrey EF, Yolken RH. Herpes viruses and toxoplasma gondii in orbital frontal cortex of psychiatric patients. Schizophrenia Research, 2003; 60: 65-59.
27. Hart DJ, Heath RG, Sautter FJ . Antiretroviral antibodies; implications for schizophrenia, schizophrenic disorders and bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 1999; 45: 704-714.
28. Suvisaari JM, Haukka JK, Lönnqvist JK. Season of birth among patients with schizophrenia and their siblings; evidence for the procreational habits hypothesis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 2001; 158: 519-525.
29. Yung A, Philips L, McGorry PD. Treating schizophrenia in the prodromal phase. England Taylor and Francis Group, 2004; 101-102.
30. Andreassen NC. Cesur Yeni Beyin (2001). Ed: Doğan YB. İstanbul, Okuyan us yayınları, 2003; 257-259.
31. Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, Westergaard T. Effect of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia. New England Journal of Medicine, 1999; 340: 603-608.
32. Pedersen CB, Mortensen PB. Evidence of dose-response relation ship between urbanicity during upbringing and schizophrenia risk. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2001; 58: 1039-1046.
33. Makikirö T, Isohanni M, Moring J. Is a child‘s risk of early onset schizophrenia increased in the highest social class? Schizophrenia Research, 1997; 23: 245-252.
34. Malmberg A, Levis G, David A, Allebeck P. Premorbid adjustment and personality in people with schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1998; 172: 308.
35. Jablensky A: The epidemiological horizon, in Schizophrenia. Ed: Hirsch SR, Weinberger D. pp 203–231, Blackwell Publishing, Boston, 2003.
36. Shenton ME, Dickey CC, Frumin M, Mc Carley RW. Review of MRI findings in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 2001, 49(1-2): 1-52.
37. Stahl SM. Temel Psikofarmakoloji Nörobilimsel Temeli ve Pratik Uygulamalar. pp. 365-459, Yelkovan Yayıncılık, 2003.
38. Herz MI, Marder SR. Schizophrenia; Comprehensive treatment and management. Lipincott Williams and Wilkins, ISA, 2002; 9-21.
39. Laurelle M, Kegels LS, Dargham A. Glutamate, dopamine and schizophrenia: from pathophsiology to treatment. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2003; 1003: 138-158.
40. Maynard TM. Neural development,cell-cell signaling and the “two hit” hypothesis of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2001; 27(3): 457-476.
41. Akbarian S, Kimm JJ, Potkin SG, Hetrick WP, Bunney BİZ Jr, Jones EG. Maldistributipn of intrstitial neurons in prefrontal white matter of the brain of schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1996; 53(5): 425-36.
42. Arnold SE. Neurodevelopment abnormalities in schizophrenia; insights from neuropathology. Development and Neuropathology, 1999; 11: 439- 456.
43. Mathalon DH, Sullivan EV, Kim O, Pfefferbaum A . Progresive brain volume change and clinical course of schizophrenia in men; a Longitudinal magneticresonance imaging study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2001; 58: 148-157.
44. Lieberman JA. Is schizophrenia a neurodegenerative disorder? A clinical and neurobiological perspective. Biological Psychiatry, 1999; 46: 729- 739.
45. Weinberger DR, McClure. Neurotoxicity, neuroplasticity and and magnetic resonance imaging morphometry; what is happeningin the schizophreni brain? Archives of General Psychiatry, 2002; 59: 553-558.
46. Keshavan MS, Gilbert AR, Diwadkar VA. Neurodevelopmental Theories. İn: Textbook of Schiophrenia. Ed: Liberman JA , Stroup TS ve Perkins DO. pp. 69, American Psychiatry Publishing, Washington2006.
47. Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ, Gbebb JA. Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Pscyhiatry. pp.27-42, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1994
48. Karakaş S. Beyin ve nöropsikoloji. Temel ve Klinik Bilimler. Çizgi, Ankara, 2003.
49. Cambell RJ. Psycihatric dictionary. pp. 51-64, Oxford University Press, New York, l989.
50. Işık E. Mental Durum ve Psikiyatrik Değerlendirme. Organik Psikiyatri. Tayf Matbaası, Ankara, 1999.
51. Mesulam MM (2000) . Davranışsal ve Kognitif Nörolojinin İlkeleri. Ed: Gürvit İH. pp. 260-293, Yelkovan Yayınları, İstanbul, 2004.
52. Lezak MD. Neuropsychological assessment. pp. 335-680, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.
53. Alexander GE, Delong MR, Strick PL. Paralel organization of functionally segragated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Ann Rev Neurosci, 1986; 9: 357- 381.
54. Karakaş S, Kurt M. Sağ serebral hemisferin bilişsel işlevlerine duyarlı üç nöropsikolojik testin özellikleri ve aralarındaki ilişkiler. Psikiyatri- Psikoloji-Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi, 2000; 8(4): 251-265.
55. Mesulam MM. From Sensation to cognition. Brain, 1998; 121: 1013- 1052.
56. Rizotti G, Berti A. Neglect as a neural representation defıcit. Rev Nemol, 1990; l46: 626-634.
57. Karakaş S, Eski R, Başar E . Türk Kültürü için standardizasyonu yapılmış nöropsikolojik testler topluluğu BlLNOT bataryası. 32. Ulusal Nöroloji Kongresi Kitabı. Ufuk Matbaası, İstanbul, 1996
58. Matier K, Wolf LE, Halperin JM. The psychometric properties and clinical utility of a cancellation test in children. Dev Neuropsychol, 1994; 10(2): 165- 177.
59. Eyesenck MW, Keane MT. Cognitive Psychology. A Students Handbook. Psychology Press, London, 2000.
60. Soysal AŞ, Yalçın K. Bilişsel Psikoloji Kapsamında. Yer Alan Dikkat Teorileri Yeni Symposium. 2008; 46(1): 35-41.
61. Akhiskal HS. Duygudurum Bozuklukları Tarihsel Gelişimi Ve Tanıtım. Ed: Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. pp. 1559-l574, Güneş Kitabevi, Ankara, 2007.
62. Gold JM, Harvey PD. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Psychiatr Clin North Am, 1993; 16: 295-312.
63. Kenny JT, Meltzer HY. Attention and higher cortical functions in schizophrenia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 1991; 13: 269-275.
64. Saykin AJ, Shatsel DL, Gur RE . Neuropsychological deficits in neuroleptic naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1994; 51: 124-131.
65. Kenny JT, Meltzer HY. Attention and higher cortical functions in schizophrenia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 1991;13: 269-275.
66. Oltmans TF, Neale JM. Schizophrenic performance when distractors are present: attentional deficit of differential task difficulty. J Abnorm Psycho, 1985; 84: 205-209.
67. Mohamed S, Paulsen JS, O’Leary, Arndt S, Andreasen N. Generalized cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a study of first-episode patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1999; 56: 749-754.
68. Gold JM, Randolph C ve Carpenter CJ . Forms of memory failure in schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol, 1992; 101: 487-494.
69. Nasrallah HA, Smeltzer DJ. The Patient With Schizophrenia. pp.115, Handsbook in Health Care Co, Newtown, 2002.
70. Aleman A Hijman R, De Haan EHF, Kahn RS. Memory impairment in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry, 1999; 156: 1358-1366.
71. Clare L McKenna PJ, mortimer AM, Baddeley AD. Memory in schizophrenia: what is impared and what is preserved? Neuropsychologia, 1993; 31: 1225-1241.
72. Shallice T, Burgess P, Frith CD. Can the neuropsychological case study be applied to schizophrenia? Psychol Med, 1991; 21: 661-673.
73. McKay AP, McKenna PJ, Bentham P, Mortimer AM, Holbery, Hodges JR. Semantic memory is imparied in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry, 1996; 39: 929-937.
74. Barch DM Sheline YI, Csernansky JG, Snyder AZ. Working memory and prefrontal cortex dysfunction: specifity to schizophrenia compared with major depression. Biol Psychiatry, 2003; 53: 376-384.
75. Conklin HM, Curtis CE, Katsanis J, Iacono WG. Verbal working memory impairment in schizophrenia patients and their first degree relatives: evidence from the digit span task. Am J Psychiatry, 2000; 157: 275-277.
76. Barch DM, Carter CS, Braver TS, Sabb FW, MacDonald A, Noll DC, Cohen JD. Selective deficits in prefrontal cortex function in medication-naive patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2001; 58: 280-288.
77. Funahashi S, Chafee MV, Goldman-Rakic PS. l. Prefrontal neurona activity in rhesus monkeys performing a delayed anti-saccade task. Nature, 1993; 365: 753-756.
78. Park S, Puschel J, Sauter BH, Rentsch M, Hell D. Spatial working memory deficits and clinical symptoms in schizophrenia: a 4 month follow-up study. Biol Psychiatry, 1999; 46: 392-400.
79. Gold JM, Carpenter C, Randolph C, Goldberg TE, Weinberger DR. Auditory working memory and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1997; 59: 159-165.
80. Voruganti LN, Heslegrave RJ, Awad AG. Neurocognitive correlates of positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry, 1997; 42: 1066-1071.
81. Pantelis C, Stuart GW, Nelson HE, Robbins TW, Barnes TR. Spatial working memory deficits in schizophrenia: relationship with tardive dyskinesia and negative symptoms. Am J Psychiatry, 2001; 158: 1276-1285.
82. Goldman RS, Btes JA, Bilder RM, Kane J, Schooler N, Marder S. The effects of clozapine and haldol on memory functioning in treatment refractory schizophrenics. Schizophrenia Res. 18 (Special Issue): 221 (abstr), 1996.
83. Goldberg TE, Weinberger DR, Berman KF, Plisken N, Podd MH. Futher evidence for dementia of prefrontal type in schizoprenia? Arch Gen psychiatry, 1987; 44: 1008-1014.
84. Liddle PF, Morris DL. Schizophrenic syndromes and frontal lobe performance. Br J Psychiatry, 1991; 158: 340-345.
85. Evans JJ, Chua SE, McKenna PJ, Wilson BA. Assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome in schizophrenia. Psychol Med, 1997; 27: 635-646.
86. Halliwell B, Gutteridge J.M.C. Free Radicals in Biology And Medicine, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003
87. Cadenas E. Biochemistry of oxygen toxicity. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 1989; 58: 79-110.
88. Costa V, Moradas-Ferreria P. Oxidative stress and signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: insights into ageing, apoptosis and diseases. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 2001; 22(4–5) 217-246.
89. Halliwell B. Antioxidants and human disease: a general introduction. Nutrition Review, 1997; 55: 44–49.
90. Jezek P, Hlavat L. Mitochondria in homeostasis of reactive oxygen species in cell, tissues, and organism. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 2005; 37(12): 2478–2503.
91. Mitchell P. Coupling of phosphorylation to electron and hydrogen transfer by a chemi-osmotic type of mechanism. Nature,1961; 8(191): 144–148.
92. Turrens JF. Superoxide production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Bioscience Reports, 1997; 17(1): 3–8.
93. Kooij A. A reevaluation of the tissue distribution and physiology of xanthine oxidoreductase. Histochemical Journal, 1994; 26(12): 889-915.
94. Babior BM. Phagocytes and oxidative stress. American Journal of Medicine, 2000;109(1): 33–44.
95. Halliwell B. Antioxidants in human health and disease. Annual Review of Nutrition, 1996; 16, 33–50.
96. Fridovich I. Superoxide radical and superoxide dismutases. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 1995; 64:97–112.
97. Rosen G.M, Pou S, Ramos C.L, Cohen M.S. Britigan B.E. Free radicals and phagocytic cells. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal, 1995; 9(2): 200–209.
98. Wardman P, Candeias L.P. Fenton chemistry: an introduction. Radiation Research, 1996; 145 (2): 523–31.
99. Tsuruta T, Tani K, Hoshika A. Myeloperoxidase gene expression and regulation by myeloid growth factors in normal and leukemic cells. Leukemia and Lymphoma, 1999; 32 (3-4): 257–67.
100. King CC, Jefferson MM, Thomas EL. Secretion and inactivation of myeloperoxidase by isolated neutrophils. J Leukocyte Biology, 1997; 61(3); 293– 302.
101. Schraufstatter IU, Browne K, Hyslop P.A, Jackson J.H, Qehenberger O, Cochrane C.G. Mechanisms of hypochlorite injury of target cells. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1990; 85(2): 554–562.
102. Carr AC, Winterbourn CC. Oxidation of neutrophil glutathione and protein thiols by myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid. Biochemical Journal, 1997; 327(1): 275–281.
103. Zavodnik IB, Lapshına E.A, Bartosz G, Soszynskı M, Bryszewska M. Hypochlorous acid damages erythrocyte membrane proteins and alters lipid bilayer structure and fluidity. Free Radical in Biology & Medicine, 2001; 30(4): 363–369.
104. Tatsumi T, Fliss H. Hypochlorous acid and chloramines increase endothelial permeability: possible involvement of cellular zinc. American Journal of Physiology, 1994; 267(2): 1597–1607.
105. Yan LJ, Traber M.G, Kobuchı H, Matsugo S, Trıtschler H.J, Packer L. Efficacy of hypochlorous acid scavengers in the prevention of protein carbonyl formation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1996; 327(2): 330–334.
106. Tabatabaie T, Potts JD, Floyd RA. Reactive oxygen species mediated inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Archıves of Biochemıstry & Biophysics, 1996; 336(2): 290–296.
107. Halliwell B. Antioxidant defence mechanisms: from the beginning to the end (of the beginning). Free Radical Research, 1999; 31(4): 261–272.
108. Kehber JP. The Haber-Weiss reaction and mechanisms of toxicity. Toxicology, 2000; 149(1): 43–50.
109. Candeias LP, Patel K.B, Stratford M.R, Wardman P. Free hydroxyl radicals are formed on reaction between neutrophil-derived species superoxide anion and hypochlorous acid, ;FEBS Letters, 1993; 333(1-2): 151–153.
110. Candeıas LP, Strafford MR , Wardman P. Formation of hydroxyl radicals on reaction of hypochlorous acid with ferrocyanide, a model iron (II) complex. Free Radical Research, 1994; 20(4): 241-249.
111. Nappi AJ, Vass E. Hydroxyl radical formation resulting from the interaction of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1998; 1380(1): 55–63.
112. Yim MB, Chock PB, Stadtman ER. Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase catalyzes hydroxyl radical production from hydrogen peroxide. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1990; 87: 5006–5010.
113. Levıne RL, Mosonı L, Berlett B.S, Stadtman L. Methionine residues as endogenous antioxidants in proteins, Proceedings of the. National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1996; 93(26): 15036–15040.
114. Mccord JM, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: an enzymatic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1969. 244(22); 6049–6055.
115. Yost F, Fridovich I. An iron-containing superoxide dismutase from Escherichia coli. Journal Of Biological Chemistry, 1973; 248(14): 4905–4908.
116. Fridovich I. Superoxide anion radical (O2-), superoxide dismutases, and related matters. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1997; 272(30): 18515– 18517.
117. Ohlemiller KK, Mcfadden S.L, Ding D.L, Flood D.G, Reaume A.G, Hoffman E.K, Scott R.W, Rıght J.S, Putcha G. V, Salvı R.J. Targeted deletion of the cytosolic Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase gene (Sod1) increases susceptibility to noise-increases susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss. Audiology & Neurotology, 1999; 4(5): 237–246.
118. Rosen DR, Siddique T, Patterson D, Figlewicz D.A, Sapp P, Hentati A, Donaldso D, Goto J, O’regan J.P, Deng H.X. Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide
dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature, 1993; 362: 59–62.
119. Adams MW, Jenney E.F.Jr, Clay M.D, Johnson M.K. Superoxide reductase: fact or fiction? Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2002; 7(6): 647–652.
120. Aebi H. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Catalase Ed: Bergmeyer H U. pp. 673-684, Academic Press, New York, 1974.
121. Kirkman HN, Gaetani GF. Catalase: a tetrameric enzyme with four tightly bound molecules of NADPH. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1984; 81(14): 4343–4347.
122. Kirkman HN, Rolfo M, Ferrarıs A.M, Gaetani G.F. Mechanisms of protection of catalase by NADPH. Kinetics and stoichiometry. Journal of Biological chemistry, 1999; 274(20): 13908–13914.
123. Chae HZ, Kang, SW, Rhee SG. Isoforms of mammalian peroxiredoxin that reduce peroxides in presence of thioredoxin. Methods in Enzymology, 1999; 300: 219–226.
124. Butterfield LH, Merıno A, Golub S.H, Shau H. From cytoprotection to tumor suppression: the multifactorial role of peroxiredoxins. Antioxidants and redox signaling, 1999; 1(4): 385–402.
125. Forstrom JW, Stults FH, Tappel AL. Rat liver cytosolic glutathione peroxidase: reactivity with linoleic acid hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1979; 93(1):51–55.
126. Ursini F, Maiorino M, Brigelius-Flohe R, Aumann K. D, Roveri A, Schomburg D, Flohe L. Diversity of glutathione peroxidases. Methods in Enzymology, 1995; 252: 38–53.
127. Jones DP, Eklow L, Thor H, Orrenius S. Metabolism of hydrogen peroxide in isolated hepatocytes: relative contributions of catalase and
glutathione peroxidase in decomposition of endogenously generated H2O2. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1981; 210(2): 505–516.
128. Ho YS, Magnenat J.L, Bronson R.T, Cao J, Gargano M, Sugawara M, Funk C.D. Mice deficient in cellular glutathione peroxidase develop normally and show no increased sensitivity to hyperoxia. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1997; 272(26): 16644–16651.
129. Therond P, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Davit-Spraul A, Conti M, Legrand A. Biomarkers of oxidative stress: an analytical approach. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2000; 3(5): 373-384.
130. Frei B, Kim CM, AMES NB. Ubiquinol-10 is an effective lipid- soluble antioxidant at physiological concentrations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1990; 87(12): 4879–4883.
131. Mohr D, Bovry VW, Stocker R. Dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q10 results in increased levels of ubiquinol-10 within circulating lipoproteins and increased resistance to human low-density lipoprotein to the initiation of lipid peroxidation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1992; 1126 (3): 247-254.
132. Ernster L, Forsmark P, Nordenbrand K. The mode of action of lipid-soluble antioxidants in biological membranes: relationship between the effects of ubiquinol and vitamin E as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation in submitochondrial particles. Biofactors, 1992; 3(4): 241-248.
133. Wagner B, Buetnner GR, Burns CP. Free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation in cells oxidizability is a function of cell lipid bis-allylic hydrogen content. Biochemistry, 1994; 33(15): 4449-4453.
134. Henle ES, Linn S. Formation, prevention, and repair of DNA damage by iron hydrogen peroxide. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1997; 272(31): 19095–19098.
135. Yakes FM, Houten B. Mitochondrial DNA damage is more extensive and persists longer than nuclear DNA damage in human cells following oxidative stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1997; 94(2): 514–9.
136. Linton S, Davies MJ, Dean RT. Protein oxidation and ageing. Experimental Gerontology, 2001; 36(9): 1503–1518.
137. Shacter E. Quantification and significance of protein oxidation in biological samples. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2000;32(3): 307-326.
138. Cros CE, Halliwell B, Borish ET. Oxjgen radicals and human discase. J Annals int med, 1987; 107: 526–45.
139. Akyol O. Şizofrenide oksidatif stres. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 2004; 5: 15-25.
140. Halliwell B, Aruoma OL, Loughtan MJ. The mechanism of initiation of lipid peroxidation. Evidence against a requirement for iron (II) iron (III) complex. Biochem J, 1989; 258: 617-620.
141. Freman BA, Crapo JD. Biology of disease, free radicals and tissue injury Laboratory Investigation. 1982; 47(5): 412.
142. Adams JD, Odunze IN. Oxygen free radicals and Parkinson’s disease. Free Radic Biol Med, 1991; 10: 161-169.
143. Velicer L, Crino PB. Involvement of free radicals in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a hypothesis. Neurobiol Aging, 1990; 11: 567-571.
144. Üstundag B, Kuloglu M, Atmaca M, Canatan H, Tezcan AE, Cinkilinc N. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with shizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Cell Biochem Funct., 2002; 20(2): 171–175.
145. Rao AV, Balachandran B. Role of oxidative stres and antioxidants in neurodegenerative diseases. Nutr Neurosci, 2002; 5(5): 291-309.
146. Reddy RD, Yao JK. Free radical pathology in schizophrenia: a rewiev. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 1996; 55(1-2): 33-43.
147. Yao JK, Reddy RD, McElhinny LG, van Kammen DP. Reduced status of plasma antioxidant capacity in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 1998; 22(32): 1-8.
148. Gama CS, Salvador M, Andreazza AC, Kapczinski F, Silva Belmonte-de-Abreu P. Elevated serum superoxide dismutase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in schizophrenia: a study of patients treated with haloperidol or clozapine. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacol & Biol Psychiatry, 2006; 30: 512-515.
149. Yao JK, Reddy RD, Kammen DP . Oxidative damage and schizophrenia: an overview of the evidence and its therapeutic implications. CNS Drugs, 2001; 15: 284-310.
150. Horrobin DF, Glen AIM, Vaddadi K. The membrane hypothesis of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 1994; 13: 195-207.
151. Mahadik SP, Mukherjee S, Scheffer R, Correnti EE, Mahadik JS. Elevated plasma lipid peroxides at the onset of nonaffective psychosis. Biol Psychiatry, 1998; 43: 674-679.
152. Azer O, Yuksel T, Yavuz F, Gulbahar O, Bukan N, Turkcapar H, Sancak B. Şizofrenili hastalarda serum malondialdehit düzeyleri. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fak. Dergisi, 2005; 4: 340-343.
153. Evans PH. Free radicals in brain metabolism and pathology. Brit Med Bull, 1993; 49: 577-587.
154. Derin D, Yazıcı A Erkoç Ş. Şizofrenik bozukluğu olan hastalarda serbest radikal metabolizması ve nonenzimatik antioksidan savunma elemanlarının incelenmesi. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 2001; 11: 174–182.
155. Jesberger JA. Oxygen free radicals and brain function. Int J Neuroscience, 1991; 57: 1-17.
156. Reddy R. Free radical pathology in schizophrenia. X. Dünya Psikiyatri kongresi bildiri kitabı, s. 126. Dünya Psikiyatri Kongresi, Madrid 23- 28 Ağustos, 1996.
157. Guy W. clinical global İmpression,ECDEU assettment manual for psychopharmacology, resived nationel instutite of mental healt. Rockville, 1976.
158. Kostakoğlu AE, Batur S, Tiryaki A. PANNS Ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlanmasının geçerlilik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji dergisi., 1999; 14: 23- 32.
159. Karakaş S. Bilişsel fonksiyonların değerlendirilmesinde nöropsikolojik testler. Türk Nöroloji Dergisi, 2002; 8: 61-69.
160. Benton AL, Hamsher K, Varney N. Contributions to neuropsychological assessment: A clinical manual. Oxford University Press, New York, 1998
161. Karakaş S. Bilnot Bataryası El Kitabı: Nöropsikolojik Testler İçin Araştırma ve Geliştirme Çalışmaları. Eryılmaz Offset, Ankara, 2006.
162. Zhang XY, Chen D.C, Xiu M.H, Tan Y.L, Yang F.D, Zhang L.Y, Haile C. N, Kosten T. R, Zhang Y. Clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment associated with male schizophrenia relate to plasma manganese superoxide dismutase activity: A case-control study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2013; 1-5.
163. Zhang XY, Chen D.C, Xiu M.H, Yang F.D, Tan Y.L, Kosten T.A, Kosten T.R, He S. Thioredoxin, a novel oxidative stress marker and cognitive performance in chronic and medicated schizophrenia versus healthy controls. Schizophrenia Research, 2013; 143: 301-306.
164. Zhang XY, Chun Chen D.C, Xiu M.H, Tang W, Zho F, Chen Y, Liu J.H, Yao J.K, Kosten T.A, Kosten T.R, Liu L.J. Plasma total antioxidant status and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Schizophreni research, 2012; 139: 66-72.
165. Matsuzawa D, Obata T, Shirayama Y, Nonaka H, Kanazawa Y, Yoshitome E, Takanashi J, Matsuda T, Shimizu E, Ikehira H, Iyo M, Hashimoto K. Negative Correlation between Brain Glutathione Level and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A 3TH-MRS Study, 2008; 3(4): 1944.
166. Aleman A, Hijman R, De Haan EHF, Kahn RS. Memory impairment in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry, 1999; 156: 1358-1366.
167. Voruganti LN, Heslegrave RJ, Awad AG. Neurocognitive correlates of positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry, 1997; 42: 1066-1071.
168. Yıldız M, Kutlu H . XIII. Sosyal Psikiyatri Kongresi kongre tam metin kitabı. s. 428-431 Sosyal Psikiyatri Kongresi, Bursa, 21-25 Haziran 2006.
169. Alptekin K, Akdede K, Kitiş A, Akvardar Y, Ulaş H, Orhan Z. Şizofreni ve Yaşlanma: Şizofrenide Klinik Belirtilerin ve Bilişsel İşlevlerin Yaşla