VII I. İZZEDDİN KEYKAVUS DÖNEMİ (1211–1220)
VIII. I ALÂEDDİN KEYKUBÂD DÖNEMİ (1220–1237)
já no estado 2 o mesopterigóide apresenta sobreposição com o quadrado, essa
sobreposição pode ser de diferentes graus, desde muito pequena, apenas na
região mais dorsal do osso, até muito grande, podendo alcançar a região
ventral do quadrado.
87- Margem posterior do mesopterigóide (ic – 0,100)
0- com concavidade acentuada
Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax mexicanus, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconexodon juruenae, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus taphorni, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Piabina argentea, Pristella maxillaris, Salminus hilarii, Tetragonopterus argenteus
1- aproximadamente reta ou levemente convexa, sem concavidade
Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Brycinus longipinnis, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconella pallidifrons, Bryconops melanurus, Chalceus spilogyros, Cheirodon interruptus, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Deuterodon iguape, Grundulus cochae, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus yinyang, Hemigrammus sp n., Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus,
Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Iguanodectes spilurus, Jupiaba polylepis, Lignobrycon myersi, Microschemobrycon sp, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia intermedia, Oligosarcus pintoi, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Parapristella georgiae, Petitella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Poptella paraguayensis, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Rhinopetitia myersi, Roeboides bonariensis, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrapinnus notomelas, Serrasalmus maculatus, Stethaprion erythrops, Thayeria obliqua, Triportheus nematurus
9- Indeterminado
Astyanax jacobinae, Hasemania melanura
88- Ectopterigóide (ic – 0,054)
(Vari & Harold, 1998; Vari & Harold, 2001: 21; Serra, 2003: 37; Benine, 2004:
42; Moreira, 2007: 53; Mirande, 2009: 162).
0- contacta o quadrado
Aphyocharax anisitsi, Bryconella pallidifrons, Cheirodon interruptus, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Iguanodectes spilurus, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Parapristella georgiae, Petitella georgiae, Pristella maxillaris, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Roeboides bonariensis, Tetragonopterus argenteus
1- não contacta o quadrado
Astyanax jacobinae, Brycinus longipinnis, Bryconamericus exodon, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus orthus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Microschemobrycon sp, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Piabina argentea, Rhinopetitia myersi, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrapinnus notomelas, Serrasalmus maculatus, Thayeria obliqua
2- sobrepõe-se ao quadrado
Astyanax altiparanae, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconexodon juruenae, Bryconops melanurus, Chalceus spilogyros, Deuterodon iguape, Grundulus cochae, Hasemania melanura, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Jupiaba polylepis, Lignobrycon myersi, Oligosarcus pintoi, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Poptella paraguayensis, Salminus hilarii, Stethaprion erythrops, Triportheus nematurus
Astyanax mexicanus, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus sp n., Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus yinyang
0, 2- Polimórfico
Hemigrammus schmardae, Hyphessobrycon bentosi
1, 2- Polimórfico
Hemigrammus boesemani
9- Indeterminado
Aphyocharax pusillus, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Moenkhausia xinguensis
89- Concavidade na região dorso-posterior do metapterigóide próxima à
união com o hiomandibular (ic – 0,043)
0- ausente ou pouco conspícua
Aphyocharax anisitsi, Astyanax jacobinae, Brycinus longipinnis, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconops melanurus, Chalceus spilogyros, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania melanura, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Hemigrammus sp n.,Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Iguanodectes spilurus, Lignobrycon myersi, Microschemobrycon sp, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Petitella georgiae, Pristella maxillaris, Rhinopetitia myersi, Roeboides bonariensis, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrapinnus notomelas, Serrasalmus maculatus, Thayeria obliqua, Triportheus nematurus
1- presente e acentuada
Aphyocharax pusillus, Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax mexicanus, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconella pallidifrons, Bryconexodon juruenae, Cheirodon interruptus, Deuterodon iguape, Grundulus cochae, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus yinyang, Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Jupiaba polylepis, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Oligosarcus pintoi, Parapristella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Piabina argentea, Poptella paraguayensis, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Salminus hilarii, Stethaprion erythrops, Tetragonopterus argenteus
0, 1- Polimórfico
9- Indeterminado
Hemigrammus gracilis
90- Projeção ântero-dorsal do metapterigóide (ic – 0,143)
(Serra, 2003: 31; Ferreira, 2007: 66; Marinho, 2009: 43)
0- ausente
Bryconexodon juruenae, Chalceus spilogyros, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Roeboides bonariensis
1- presente, pouco desenvolvida
Astyanax jacobinae, Brycinus longipinnis, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconops melanurus, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Piabina argentea, Pristella maxillaris, Rhinopetitia myersi, Salminus hilarii
2- presente, desenvolvida, acompanhando a altura do mesopterigóide
(Figura 20)
Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax mexicanus, Bryconella pallidifrons, Cheirodon interruptus, Deuterodon iguape, Grundulus cochae, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania melanura, Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus yinyang, Hemigrammus sp n., Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Iguanodectes spilurus, Jupiaba polylepis, Lignobrycon myersi, Microschemobrycon sp, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Oligosarcus pintoi, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Parapristella georgiae, Petitella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Poptella paraguayensis, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrapinnus notomelas, Serrasalmus maculatus, Stethaprion erythrops, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Thayeria obliqua, Triportheus nematurus
0, 1- Polimórfico
Coptobrycon bilineatus
91- Metapterigóide (ic – 0,100)
(Serra, 2003: 32)
0- com uma pequena região direcionada ao simplético
Brycinus longipinnis, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconexodon juruenae, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus
skolioplatus, Roeboides bonariensis, Poptella paraguayensis, Rhinopetitia myersi, Salminus hilarii, Serrasalmus maculatus, Stethaprion erythrops
1- com uma grande região direcionada ao simplético
Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax jacobinae, Astyanax mexicanus, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconella pallidifrons, Bryconops melanurus, Chalceus spilogyros, Cheirodon interruptus, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Deuterodon iguape, Grundulus cochae, Hasemania melanura, Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus yinyang, Hemigrammus sp n., Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Iguanodectes spilurus, Jupiaba polylepis, Lignobrycon myersi, Microschemobrycon sp, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Oligosarcus pintoi, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Parapristella georgiae, Petitella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Piabina argentea, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Pristella maxillaris, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrapinnus notomelas, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Thayeria obliqua, Triportheus nematurus
9- Indeterminado
Hemigrammus marginatus
92- Projeção óssea ventral do metapterigóide direcionada ao quadrado (ic
– 0,043)
(Serra, 2003: 33)
0- presente
Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Astyanax mexicanus, Brycinus longipinnis, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconexodon juruenae, Bryconops melanurus, Cheirodon interruptus, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Deuterodon iguape, Hasemania melanura, Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus sp n., Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Jupiaba polylepis, Lignobrycon myersi, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Oligosarcus pintoi, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Parapristella georgiae, Petitella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Piabina argentea, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrapinnus notomelas, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Thayeria obliqua
Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax jacobinae, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconella pallidifrons, Chalceus spilogyros, Grundulus cochae, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hemigrammus yinyang, Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Iguanodectes spilurus, Microschemobrycon sp, Poptella paraguayensis, Pristella maxillaris, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Rhinopetitia myersi, Roeboides bonariensis, Salminus hilarii, Serrasalmus maculatus, Stethaprion erythrops, Triportheus nematurus
0, 1- Polimórfico
Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides
93- Fenestra na região posterior do metapterigóide (ic – 0,059)
(Serra, 2003: 35; Benine, 2004: 43; Ferreira, 2007: 67; Bertaco, 2008: 44;
Marinho, 2009: 42; Mirande, 2009: 168).
0- aberta posteriormente
Brycinus longipinnis, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconella pallidifrons, Bryconops melanurus, Chalceus spilogyros, Cheirodon interruptus, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus yinyang, Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Iguanodectes spilurus, Lignobrycon myersi, Microschemobrycon sp, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Petitella georgiae, Salminus hilarii, Serrapinnus notomelas, Serrasalmus maculatus, Triportheus nematurus
1- totalmente fechada (Figura 20)
Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax jacobinae, Astyanax mexicanus, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconexodon juruenae, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Deuterodon iguape, Grundulus cochae, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hasemania melanura, Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus sp n., Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Parapristella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Piabina argentea, Poptella paraguayensis, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Pristella maxillaris, Rhinopetitia myersi, Roeboides bonariensis, Serrapinnus heterodon, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Thayeria obliqua
0, 1- Polimórfico
94- Fenestra formada pelo metapterigóide e quadrado (ic – 0,250)
(Buckup, 1998: 24; Benine, 2004: 45; Ferreira, 2007: 70; Moreira, 2007: 69;
Bertaco, 2008: 52)
0- alongada verticalmente (Figura 21 C)
Salminus hilarii, Serrasalmus maculatus
1- alongada horizontalmente (aproximadamente oval) (Figura 20)
Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Astyanax jacobinae, Brycinus longipinnis, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconella pallidifrons, Bryconops melanurus, Cheirodon interruptus, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Deuterodon iguape, Hasemania melanura, Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus yinyang, Hemigrammus sp n., Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Iguanodectes spilurus, Lignobrycon myersi, Microschemobrycon sp, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Parapristella georgiae, Petitella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Piabina argentea, Poptella paraguayensis, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Pristella maxillaris, Rhinopetitia myersi, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrapinnus notomelas, Stethaprion erythrops, Thayeria obliqua, Triportheus nematurus