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長期給予懷孕母鼠嗎啡對其所生幼鼠腦中

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長期給予懷孕母鼠嗎啡對其所生幼鼠腦中

NMDA 受體表現及 CaM

kinase II 活性的影響

Effect of prenatal treatment of morphine on the expression

of the NMDA receptor and the activity of the CaM kinase II in

the developing rat brain

中文摘要

嗎啡成癮的懷孕婦女,其嬰兒於出生後雖然在外表上並無畸形的現象,但長期來

看則發現到這類幼兒其學習能力異常及情緒控制能力有不穩定的情形,這樣的情

況有報告指出可能是因為嬰兒於出生前即暴露於嗎啡的環境之下而使的嬰兒於

腦部神經突觸、神經傳導物質的釋放以及接受器的表現上發生不正常的改變所導

致。先前本實驗室曾經利用一種長期動物給藥模式,即是於母鼠懷孕前一週給予

皮下注射每公斤

2 毫克的嗎啡,在確定其懷孕之後即每週增加每公斤 1 毫克的

劑量,直到幼鼠出生後

30 天。而在幼鼠出生後的第 7 天、14 天、30 天、60

天分別給予斷頭取腦,並利用受體結合實驗來定量個腦中大腦皮質及海馬迴的

NMDA receptor 密度。結果發現控制組所生幼鼠其大腦皮質及海馬迴中於出生

後第

14 天 NMDA 受體的表現量有短暫性高峰的現象,但在嗎啡組的幼鼠身上

並沒有發現到這樣的情況。這樣的現象可能是嗎啡導致

NMDA 受體的各個亞型

的表現下降所致。而本實驗室過去利用相同的動物模式來進一步的探討是否給予

在嗎啡的狀況下將使得發育中的老鼠腦中大腦皮質、海馬迴、紋狀體這些腦區其

NMDA 受體的各個亞型的表現量產生改變,結果發現嗎啡組所生幼鼠在大腦皮

質區、海馬迴及紋狀體其

NMDA 受體亞型蛋白於出生後第 7 天及第 14 天比控

制組所生幼鼠下降許多。因此我們推論這種現象可能與幼鼠體內嗎啡的濃度有

關,若是讓幼鼠出生後即終止嗎啡給予,使其血中嗎啡濃度消失而產生脫癮,這

樣的現象對於

NMDA 受體的減量調控是否仍然存在。故本實驗研究的第一個方

向在於瞭解於幼鼠出生後立即停止給予母鼠嗎啡,來觀察幼鼠腦中各天數

NMDA receptor 各亞型的表現。

NMDA receptor 的活化即為活化 CaM kinase II 必須的過程,在生理上,活

化後的

CaM kinase II 具有調節神經傳導物質的釋放與合成、碳水化合物的代

謝、細胞骨架的組合、分解和神經可塑性及增強突觸間的傳導並誘導產生

LTP(Long —term protentiation)。而以往本實驗室發現嗎啡會導致幼鼠於發

育期間腦中大腦皮質區、海馬迴及紋狀體中

NMDA 受體的密度下降,而這樣的

現象是否會使的

CaM kinase II 的活化受到影響。所以本實驗第二個研究重點

在於利用西方墨點法觀察長期施打嗎啡下的懷孕母鼠其所生幼鼠及嗎啡於幼鼠

出生後不繼續打下去的組別,其腦中活化型式的

CaM kinase II 表現量是否與

正常的幼鼠有所差異 ; 同時偵測幼鼠於大腦皮質及海馬迴內 CaM kinase II 的

(2)

活性來加以比較西方墨點法所得到的結果。結果指出長期給予懷孕母鼠嗎啡其所

生的幼鼠其腦中大腦皮質、海馬迴及紋狀體內

NMDA 受體各亞型及具活化狀態

CaM kinase II 的表現將受到改變 ;而嗎啡於幼鼠出生後不繼續打下去的組

別所觀察到的活化狀態

CaM kinase II 的結果與嗎啡於幼鼠出生後繼續打下去

的組別的結果相同。

英文摘要

Children born to morphine addicted mother have been shown to suffer acute withdrawal syndrome after birth and develop a long—term neuropsychological sequels. Considerable evidences have confirmed that prenatal exposure to morphine also produce significant alteration in developing brain including retardation in neurite growth, change in neurotransmitter release and the

expression of receptor .Our previous studies found that ontogenic expression of the NMDA receptor in this rats is different to that of control rat by lacking an

overshooting of NMDA receptor density on PND14. It is possible that this transient change is due to decrease in the subtype of the NMDA receptor or a decrease in the numbers of the synapse that containing the NMDA receptor. We used the same morphine treatment animal modal to explore whether morphine treatment could induce a change in the NMDA receptor subunits in the developing rat brain. Now, we further explore if morphine treatment until rat born could also induce a change in the NMDA receptor subunits in the developing rat brain. Furthermore whether morphine treatment will change the expression of activity of the CaM kinase II in the developing rat brains.This results suggested that the chronic treatment of morphine on dams rats will change the expression of NMDA receptor subunit and the

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