COUNTRY : TURKEY COUNTRY : TURKEY SLOW-ONSET HAZARDS SLOW-ONSET HAZARDS (DROUGHT) (DROUGHT)

COUNTRY : TURKEY COUNTRY : TURKEY

SLOW-ONSET HAZARDS SLOW-ONSET HAZARDS

(DROUGHT) (DROUGHT)

YRD.DOÇ.DR.NEHİR VAROL

YRD.DOÇ.DR.NEHİR VAROL

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MEMBERS OF THE GROUP - 3

 Nehir VAROL - TURKEY

(PhD, Geological Eng., Director of European Natural

Disaster Training Center-AFEM, Permanent Correspondent of EUR-OPA)

 Lyudmila SIMENOVA – BULGARIA

(physısıstç chıef ınspector ın Cıvıl Protectıon Dırectorate General)

 Trajko TODORCEVSKI – MACEDONIA

(grad. eng.of forestry General Inspektor-Protectıon and Rescue Dırectorate)

 Eduardo AMBROSII – MOLDOVIA

(engınerıng department Cıvıl Protectıon and Emergency

Sıtuatıon)

CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE

3. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF TURKEY

4. PROGRESS IN DRR 5. DROUGHT RISK

6. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

STRATEGY FOR DROUGHT

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REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

Population: 71.9m (July 2008 est)

Area: total: 780,580 sq km, land: 770,760 sq km, water: 9,820 sq km

Coastline: 8,333km

Terrain: mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain;

high central plateau

Major Industries: Automotive, textiles, iron & steel, clothing, electrical machinery

Major trading partners: Germany, Italy, France,

UK

Main natural disasters according to their importance are:

 Earthquakes,

 Landslides,

 Floods,

 Rock falls,

 Fires,

 Snow Avalanches and

 Storms etc.

COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE

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Earthquakes 1900-2008

 182 damaging earthquakes,

 More than 100.000 people died,

 More than 600.000 dwelling units collapsed or heavily damaged.

COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE

EARTHQUAKE ZONNING MAP

EARTHQUAKE ZONNING MAP

Floods- 1950-2008

 2.924 settlement area,

 4.067 flood incident,

 29.020 houses relocated by MPWS.

COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE

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Rock Falls 1965-2008

 1703 settlement area, 2.956 rock falls

 20.836 houses relocated by MPWS,

 6128 houses in 280 settlement areas secured from rock falling disaster by way of rock cleaning projects.

COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE

Snow avalanches 1942-2008

 884 snow avalanches incident,

 6.308 houses relocated by MPWS,

COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE

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Landslides- 1950-2008

 5.472 settlement area,

 13.494 landslide incident,

 65.759 houses relocated by MPWS.

COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE

General Directorate Disaster Affairs

Extraordinary State Coordination Committee

Disaster Center Coordination Committee Prime Ministry Crisis

Management Center National Disaster Coordination Committee

Turkish Republic Emergency

General Directorate Civil Defense Turkish Red Crescent Diğer Bakanlık Kurum ve

Kuruluşları

Legislation

Administrative Unites

Reports, plans, maps Fund

Disaster Administrative

Porvince County Civil Defence

Management

Turkish Red Crescent County Representative

Ministry Unit of County Governer

County Rescue and Ministration Committe

Emergency Aid Service Group

Military Unit

County Emergency Aid Plan

The Council of Ministers Office of Prime Minister Turkish National Assembly

LAW NO. 7269

Other Ministry Institution and Directorate

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

INTERVENTION RECOVERY

PREPAREDNESS MITIGATION RECONSTRUCTION

POST-DISASTER PRE-DISASTER

CRISIS MANAGEMENT

CDGD

Local Administration

*The Ministry of Public Works

*The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement

and Settlement

*The Ministry of Public Works

*The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement

and Settlement

*Housing Development

*Housing Development

Administration

CDGD Red Crescent Local Administration

*The Ministry of Public Works and

*The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement

Settlement

*Local Administration

*Local Administration

PROGRESS IN DRR

Priority for action 1

Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation.

DRR system of Turkey is mainly centralized.

Main governmental organizations dealing with disaster related issues.

General Directorate of Disaster Affairs under Ministry of Public Works and Settlement,

G.D. of Civil Defense under Ministry of Interior and

Turkish Emergency Management G.D. under Prime

Ministry are

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PROGRESS IN DRR

Priority for action 2

Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning

National Seismic Zoning Map of Turkey.

There is also maps showing the distribution of landslide, rockfall and snow-avalanche affected residential areas at national level.

Active fault map

Landslide inventory mapping

National scaled forest fire susceptibility maps

Early warning systems

there are two national seismic observation systems in Turkey.

137 seismic stations and 231 strong motion instruments all around the country.

State MeteorologicalOrganization G.D. has short and long term climate predictions and for some cases announces warning messages for flooding, severe weather

conditions, meteorological hazards, extreme heat weather.

PROGRESS IN DRR

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Early warning systems

flood early warning and prediction systems

The project is executed for river basins in Black Sea and Western Aegean regions.

 206 automatic meteorological stations,

 3 meteorological Doppler radar stations,

 148 hydrometric data storage platforms and

VSAT Telecommunication systems.

Early warning systems

forest fires early warning

Some forests in the Western parts of Turkey are being

monitored by several on-line cameras and analyzed 24

hours basis.

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Early warning systems

Early Warning and Emergency Rapid

Response, the project prepared by Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory and

Earthquake Research Institute, has been realized.

The agreement involving Turkish Republic

and Credit Suisse First Boston in relation to

Istanbul Earthquake Early Warning System

and Rapid (Emergency)

Priority for action 3

Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels

Educational activities in order to achieve disaster resilience and awareness are being executed byseveral governmental bodies and academic units.

 GDDA (AFEM EUR-OPA Center)

 G.D. of Civil Defense,

 TEMAD and

 Local administrative bodies are the main governmental actors organizing public awareness campaigns to ensure disaster risk reduction.

After two big earthquakes in 1999 Ministry of Education has changed school curricula radically with the help of universities.

PROGRESS IN DRR

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PROGRESS IN DRR

Priority for action 4

Reduce the underlying risk factors

Turkey gives importance on the coordination of disaster risk reduction with environmental and natural resources policies.

In all plans and programs, one of the key elements of the feasibility reports is the disaster risks of the area.

Detailed geological and geotechnical reports and

water/meteorological reports are necessary for final decision to avoid or to limit adverse impact of hazards.

Climate chance issues are a new concept for Turkey on Disaster risk reduction subject and environment. The National

Environmental Approximation Strategy was adopted by Higher Planning Council

The Ministry of Environmental and Forestry (MEF) gives special importance on the adaptation of climate changes issues and they made substantial progress in strengthening the

administrative and institutional capacity at central level.

PROGRESS IN DRR

Priority for action 5

Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels

Disaster preparedness capacity in terms of post-disaster response is mainly the one of the best successful area in Turkey.

In this field (disaster response and rehabilitation) GD. of Civil Defense (GDCD),

GDDA, TEMAD,

Turkish Red Crescent and

Turkish Armed Forces are the main actors.

…..also civilian volunteer SAR Teams.

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DROUGHT

DROUGHT RISK

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DROUGHT RISK

intensive drought periods

 1804,

 1876 and

 1928

in 1876 more than 200,000 people died because of famine and epidemic diseases.

DROUGHT RISK

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DROUGHT RISK

 Central Turkey, in particular, is at

present facing a catastrophic drought following the hottest summer (2007).

After a virtually rainless summer and

climate change effects over the past

decade, dozens of lakes have dried

up, with severe consequences for

local communities and wildlife. 

DROUGHT RISK

 Reduced levels of water (in the soil, in rivers, in dams, in lakes and in ground water reserves) can have destructive impacts such as decrease in

agricultural production, weakening of

poor groups and women in particular

in rural areas, and rapid degradation

of the rural environment.

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VULNERABILITIES

Vulnerability of societies to drought is affected by:

 population growth,

 urbanization,

 demographic features,

 technology,

 water use trends,

 governmental policies,

 social life and environmental

WHAT TURKEY DONE?

 The key requirements for climate change adaptation in Turkey are stipulated in Turkey’s Ninth Development Plan (2007-2013) (Paragraph 461), the Eastern Black Sea

Regional Development Plan (2002) and various

development strategies at the national and regional level.

 Droughts in Turkey are increasingly recognized as an impending national crisis, and a ‘Drought Centre’ is

being established by the Konya Soil and Water Resources

Research Institute to improve drought predictions and to

assist farmers in managing drought. 

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WHAT ARE THE SOLUTIONS FOR DROUGHT

 Implementation of highly effective

water conservation initiatives across all sectors will be required to adapt to the predicted changes in water supply.

 Technological changes in irrigation and water distribution systems will also be required. In this context, industry

should apply appropriate

environmental measures to assist in

conservation of natural resources. 

COUNTRY STRATEGY

 Risk assesment for droughts is the

first step for adoption of appropriate policy in the state

 Prevention from droughts should be primary importance in DRR

 Develepment and capaticy building

for DRR should be top priorities for

the all areas

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1 1

Governance Governance

2 2

Risk Risk

Identification Identification

3 3

Knowledge Knowledge

4 4

Reduce Risk Reduce Risk

Factors Factors

5 5

Preparedness Preparedness

Establish NP, Decentralisation of responsibilities

and resources, improvement Community participation

Improvement Voluntarism and participation, Development of risk assesment programs in contignency plans for DRR

Improvement multi-hazard approach, further İmprovement of the coordination between R&S

institutions in all level, Further improvement of early warning system for flood and monitoring system for drought

Adopting the policy of self-protection in every vulnerable areas, Reinforsement of media for public awereness

DRR strategies integrated with climate change

adaptation, Reinforsement of critical infrastructure

MAINSTREAMING DRR INTO THE WORKING OF GOVERNMENT

Improvement of the coopertion between

enviromental, health, social support, insurence and risk transfer

Improvement of the critical infrastructure and construction

BUILDING DRR INTO DISASTER RECOVERY PLANS AND OPERATIONS

The DRR policy should be implemented in all plans on the national, regional and local levels

Enhancing safety and standards and integrating RR in reconstruction and development and other

Improving living conditions of affected cominities

and sectors

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WHAT IS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT FINDING OF YOUR GROUP ???

Regarding our analysis R.T has adopted the HFA plan with ongoing implementation strategic

goals and priorities for action as well the croos-

cutting issues ….

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION….