Eski Türkçe gök bilimi (astronomi) terimleri

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(2) 7(5ø0/(5ø <h.6(./ø6$167(=ø. 7(='$1,ù0$1, 'Ro'U%LOJHKDQ$WVÕ]*g.'$ö. KIRIKKALE 2007.

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(6) 7DULKL. Türk Halk Bilimi. 7UN. %LOLP. 7DULKL. DODQODUÕQGD. GD. ID\GDOÕ. RODELOHFH÷LQL. GúQPHNWH\L]. Anahtar Sözcükler: Eski Türkçe (Köktürkçe-Uygurca-.DUDKDQOÕ Türk, Gök bilimi (Astronomi), Kültür Tarihi, Terminoloji.. 3. 7UNoHVL

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(8) ABSTRACT The subject of this study is the examination of astronomy with respect to language which appears to be one of the scientific resources of the Turkish society from the beginning up to 11th century. At the first step of the research, the astronomy terminology of Old Turkish (Kokturkish, Uighurish, Karahan Turkish) was determined; afterwards, these terms were tried to be examined with regard to Phonetics, Semantics, the ways used to form the terms and etymology. The aim of this study is to bring up the Old Turkish etymology terms by examining the Old Turkish period texts and to determine how these terms were formed, to evaluate the starting point of term formation, to examine the terms’ etymological features, and to contribute to the Historic Dictionary of Turkish Language, the studies on the history of astronomy, the struggles for replacing the foreign astronomy terms with the Turkish ones. In this study, the astronomy terms were studied not from the point of a science history expert’s view but from the point of a linguist’s view. In the research, Turkish terms and also astronomy terms quoted from a foreign language in the Old Turkish texts were included. We think that this study might be useful chiefly for Turkish language, Turkish astronomy history, Turkish folk science and Turkish science history. Key Words: Old Turkish (Kokturkish, Uighurish, Karahan Turkish), Turk, Astronomy, Cultural history, Terminology.. 4.

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Gökyüzü, Hava, Atmosfer ................................................................................ 76 1.2.1. kök ............................................................................................................. 76 1.2.1.1. kök~DOÕ~ .................................................................................................. 79 1.2.1.2. kök ayaz .................................................................................................. 80 N|NoÕ÷UÕVÕ ................................................................................................ 81 1.2.2. teñri............................................................................................................ 83 oDNÕU ........................................................................................................... 85 1.2.4. yelü kökän .................................................................................................. 85 DNDú ............................................................................................................ 87 1.2.6.qDUú ............................................................................................................. 87 1.2.7. bavagir ....................................................................................................... 88 1.2.8. felek ........................................................................................................... 88 VWUD\DVWULú ................................................................................................... 89 1.2.10. tujit........................................................................................................... 89 2. Gezegenler............................................................................................................. 90 2.1. Gezegen............................................................................................................ 90 2.1.1. grax ............................................................................................................ 90 SDJDUOÕ ........................................................................................................ 90 UDzX ............................................................................................................ 91 2.1.4. kitu ............................................................................................................. 91 2.1.5. ülkär ........................................................................................................... 91 *H]HJHQ$GODUÕ ................................................................................................. 91 2.2.1. Merkür........................................................................................................... 91 2.2.1.1. arzu tilek.................................................................................................. 91 2.2.1.2. bud .......................................................................................................... 92 irpis~XrUXjX ........................................................................................... 92 2.2.1.4. suv........................................................................................................... 93 2.2.2. Venüs ............................................................................................................ 93 2.2.2.1. altun ........................................................................................................ 93 2.2.2.2. ärklig ....................................................................................................... 94 2.2.2.3. najÕG........................................................................................................ 95 2.2.2.4. sevit......................................................................................................... 95 2.2.2.5. yaru~\XOGX]Õ ........................................................................................... 96 úNU........................................................................................................ 98 2.2.3. Dünya ............................................................................................................ 98 2.2.3.1. ajun ......................................................................................................... 98 2.2.3.1.1. ajunluj .................................................................................................. 99 2.2.3.2. cihan........................................................................................................ 99. 6.

(16) 2.2.3.3. çambudivip .............................................................................................. 99 2.2.3.4. dünya....................................................................................................... 99 2.2.3.5. orun ......................................................................................................... 99 2.2.3.5.1. orunluj ............................................................................................... 100 2.2.3.6. sansar .................................................................................................... 101 VDQVDUOÕj.............................................................................................. 101 2.2.3.7. yér ......................................................................................................... 101 \pUVDJUÕVÕ ........................................................................................... 102 \pUNÕUWÕúÕ ............................................................................................ 103 2.2.3.7.3. udu yér................................................................................................ 103 2.2.3.7.4. yértünçü.............................................................................................. 103 2.2.3.7.5. yértinçülüg.......................................................................................... 104 2.2.3.7.6. yér suv ................................................................................................ 104 2.2.4. Mars ............................................................................................................ 105 2.2.4.1. angara~ .................................................................................................. 105 2.2.4.2.ED~ÕUVR~XP ........................................................................................... 105 2.2.4.3. kürüd ..................................................................................................... 107 2.2.4.4. oot ......................................................................................................... 108 2.2.5. Jüpiter.......................................................................................................... 108 2.2.5.1. barzasuvadi............................................................................................ 108 2.2.5.2. erentüz................................................................................................... 108 ~ara~Xúyulduz...................................................................................... 110 2.2.5.4. oñay....................................................................................................... 111 2.2.5.5. tai-sui .................................................................................................... 112 2.2.5.6. urPÕ]W .................................................................................................... 112 \Õjaç...................................................................................................... 112 2.2.6. Satürn .......................................................................................................... 113 2.2.6.1. kivan...................................................................................................... 113 2.2.6.2. sekentir .................................................................................................. 113 úDQLoDU ................................................................................................... 114 2.2.6.4. topraq .................................................................................................... 115 ................................................................................................................... 116 ............................................................................................................. 116 3.1.1. aditya........................................................................................................ 116 3.1.2.~X\Dú ........................................................................................................ 116 NQHú ........................................................................................................ 116 3.1.4. kün ........................................................................................................... 118 3.1.4.1. künli tünli .............................................................................................. 119 3.1.4.2. künlik .................................................................................................... 119 3.1.4.3. küntüz.................................................................................................... 119 3.1.4.4. kün küningä ........................................................................................... 120 3.1.4.5. kündäm.................................................................................................. 121 3.1.4.6. kündüri .................................................................................................. 121 3.1.4.7. küntä...................................................................................................... 121 3.1.4.8. küntämäk............................................................................................... 122 3.1.5. yaru~ ........................................................................................................ 122. *QHú. *QHú. 7.

(17) ........................................................................................................ 123 ............................................................................................. 123 3.2.1. iñir............................................................................................................ 123 3.2.2. irte............................................................................................................ 124 3.2.3. kün tojXVÕ~ ............................................................................................... 124 3.2.3.1. kün tojPÕúYDNW ..................................................................................... 124 3.2.4. tañ ............................................................................................................ 125 3.2.4.1. tañ atmak ............................................................................................... 126 3.2.4.2. tañlamak ................................................................................................ 126 3.2.4.3. tañlarmak............................................................................................... 126 3.2.4.4. tañ üntürmek.......................................................................................... 127 3.2.5. yarun ........................................................................................................ 127 3.2.6\DUÕQ ......................................................................................................... 127 3.2.7. sata ........................................................................................................... 128 *QHúLQ<NVHOPHVL*Q2UWDVÕ .................................................................... 129 NX\Dú|GL .................................................................................................. 129 NQRUWXVÕ ................................................................................................. 129 3.3.3. öyle .......................................................................................................... 129 3*QHúLQ%DWÕúÕ ................................................................................................ 130 3.4.1. DzúDP ....................................................................................................... 130 3.4.2. batar ......................................................................................................... 131 3.4.3. kiçä........................................................................................................... 131 3.4.3.1. keçelik ................................................................................................... 132 3.4.3.2. keçälig üd .............................................................................................. 132 3.4.4. kirmäk ...................................................................................................... 132 3.4.5. kün batmak............................................................................................... 133 3.4.5.1. kün batjalmak ....................................................................................... 133 3.4.5.2NQEDWVÕ~ .............................................................................................. 133 NQEDWXú ............................................................................................... 134 3.4.6. ornamak.................................................................................................... 134 3.4.7úHE ............................................................................................................ 134 3.4.8. tün ............................................................................................................ 135 3.4.9. üläz........................................................................................................... 135 3.5. 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(18) ......................................................................................................... 143 PD ............................................................................................................. 143. úDWDELú. ............................................................................................................... 145 ............................................................................................................. 145 5.1.1. yultuz ....................................................................................................... 145 5.1.2. uya~ma~ ................................................................................................... 148 <ÕOGÕ]øVLPOHUL................................................................................................. 148 5.2.1. arjÕU ......................................................................................................... 148 5.2.2. sajÕ]jan.................................................................................................... 150 5.2.3. temür~azu~ .............................................................................................. 151 5.2.4. ülkär ......................................................................................................... 154 5.2.5. yajÕ]VÕjun ............................................................................................... 156 \ÕOGUÕ~ ....................................................................................................... 157 5.2.7. yitikän ...................................................................................................... 159 5.2.8. abiçi.......................................................................................................... 161 DGÕU ........................................................................................................... 162 5.2.10. anurat ..................................................................................................... 162 5DúOLV ........................................................................................................ 162 DúYLQL ...................................................................................................... 162 5.2.13. barani ..................................................................................................... 162 5.2.14. çaitir ....................................................................................................... 163 oLúW .......................................................................................................... 163 GDQLú ....................................................................................................... 163 5.2.17. ärivadi .................................................................................................... 163 5.2.18. zast......................................................................................................... 163 5.2.19.~anya...................................................................................................... 163 5.2.20.~umunsi.................................................................................................. 164 5.2.21. limçin ..................................................................................................... 164 5.2.22. liusun...................................................................................................... 164 5.2.23.lu~usus ................................................................................................... 164 5.2.24. maidun.................................................................................................... 164 5.2.25.PD~ara.................................................................................................... 164 5.2.26. mina ....................................................................................................... 165 5.2.27.SD~XQVL ................................................................................................... 165 5.2.28. purva pulgani.......................................................................................... 165 SXú .......................................................................................................... 165 5.2.30. rivadi ...................................................................................................... 165 5.2.31. simak...................................................................................................... 166 5.2.32. urugini .................................................................................................... 166 5.2.33. utarabativarat.......................................................................................... 166 5.2.34. 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(19) ......................................................................................................... 167 5.2.40. vu~uu ..................................................................................................... 167 5.2.41. yunkiu .................................................................................................... 167 DUGÕU ........................................................................................................ 168 5.2.43. krirLN ...................................................................................................... 168 5.2.44. mag ........................................................................................................ 168 5.2.45. mul ......................................................................................................... 168 5.2.46. punarvasu ............................................................................................... 168 5.2.47. purvabadirapat ........................................................................................ 169 5.2.48. SXUYDúDGL ................................................................................................ 169 VDWDELú..................................................................................................... 169 5.2.50. suvadi ..................................................................................................... 169 úLUavan .................................................................................................... 170 5.2.52. urugini .................................................................................................... 170 5.2.53. tamlang................................................................................................... 170. YULú. 6. Burçlar ................................................................................................................ 171 6.1. Astroloji, Astrolog .......................................................................................... 171 6.1.1. körümçi .................................................................................................... 171 6.1.2. müneccim................................................................................................. 171 6.1.3. nücum....................................................................................................... 171 \XOWX]oÕ..................................................................................................... 172 6.2. Burç................................................................................................................ 172 6.2.1. burun ........................................................................................................ 172 6.2.2.~arz .......................................................................................................... 173 VÕxDU.......................................................................................................... 173 6.2.4. ükäk.......................................................................................................... 173 %XUoODU.XúD÷Õ =RG\DN

(20) ................................................................................ 174 6.3.1. arslan........................................................................................................ 174 EDOÕN ......................................................................................................... 176 6.3.3. bujGD\EDúÕ .............................................................................................. 177 6.3.4. çarDQ ........................................................................................................ 178 6.3.5. erentüz...................................................................................................... 179 6.3.6.~R]Õ .......................................................................................................... 179 6.3.7. könek........................................................................................................ 180 6.3.8.~XoÕ~ ........................................................................................................ 180 PLú ........................................................................................................... 181 6.3.10. ojlak....................................................................................................... 181 6.3.11. ordu ........................................................................................................ 182 6.3.12. purnavasu ............................................................................................... 182 6.3.13. sertan...................................................................................................... 183 6.3.14. ur ........................................................................................................... 183 6.3.15. ülgü ........................................................................................................ 183 6.3.16.~ara~Xú .................................................................................................. 185 6.3.17. ya ........................................................................................................... 186 6.3.18. kanya...................................................................................................... 186 6.3.19. karkar..................................................................................................... 186 10.

(21) 6.3.20. kumba..................................................................................................... 186 6.3.21. maidun.................................................................................................... 186 6.3.22. ma~ara.................................................................................................... 187 6.3.23. mina ....................................................................................................... 187 6.3.24. tanu ........................................................................................................ 187 6.3.25. tulya ....................................................................................................... 187 6.3.26. vrçik ....................................................................................................... 187 YULú ......................................................................................................... 187 7. Zaman ................................................................................................................. 188 2QøNL+D\YDQOÕ7UN7DNYLPL ........................................................................ 188 EDUV\ÕO...................................................................................................... 189 ELoLQ\ÕO .................................................................................................... 189 ÕW\ÕO .......................................................................................................... 190 7.1.4. ko\ÕO ...................................................................................................... 191 NVJ\ÕO ................................................................................................... 192 ODJ]ÕQ\ÕO................................................................................................... 193 OXX\ÕO ....................................................................................................... 194 WDNÕJX\ÕO .................................................................................................. 194 WDEÕúNDQ\ÕO ............................................................................................... 195 7.1.10.Xr\ÕO ...................................................................................................... 196 \ÕODQ\ÕO .................................................................................................. 197 \RQW\ÕO ................................................................................................... 197 $\<ÕOYH=DPDQ ........................................................................................... 199 7.2.1. aram ay..................................................................................................... 199 DUNÕQL]L .................................................................................................... 199 7.2.3. ay ............................................................................................................. 199 EDUPD\ÕO .................................................................................................. 200 EÕOGÕU ......................................................................................................... 200 7.2.6. bou ........................................................................................................... 200 7.2.7. çaj............................................................................................................ 201 7.2.8. ça~úDSXW.................................................................................................... 201 oDKúDSXGOÕJ ............................................................................................ 202 oDKúDSXGPDQJJDO................................................................................... 202 7.2.9. çer ............................................................................................................ 202 7.2.9.1. çerlik ..................................................................................................... 202 7.2.10. hinki ....................................................................................................... 202 7.2.11. ikindi ...................................................................................................... 203 7.2.12. kalp, klp.................................................................................................. 203 7.2.13.~olu ........................................................................................................ 203 7.2.13.1.~oluluj ................................................................................................ 204 7.2.13.2.~olusuz ................................................................................................ 204 7.2.14.~XúOX~öri............................................................................................... 204 7.2.15. likzir ....................................................................................................... 205 7.2.16. lintih ....................................................................................................... 205 OQJúXT .................................................................................................. 205 7.2.18. muhurta .................................................................................................. 206 11.

(22) 7.2.19. ojur ........................................................................................................ 206 \DWJDúÕNRjXUÕ ...................................................................................... 206 7.2.20. öd ........................................................................................................... 206 7.2.20.1. ödleg.................................................................................................... 207 7.2.20.2. öd~olu................................................................................................. 207 7.2.20.3. ödün .................................................................................................... 207 7.2.20.4. |Gú ..................................................................................................... 208 7.2.21. purvantak(a)lp ........................................................................................ 208 7.2.22. ruzgar ..................................................................................................... 208 7.2.23. seher....................................................................................................... 208 7.2.24. sin........................................................................................................... 208 úLS~DQ ..................................................................................................... 209 7.2.26. tsirki, sirki .............................................................................................. 209 7.2.27. ürke ........................................................................................................ 209 7.2.28. va~t ........................................................................................................ 209 7.2.29. yam ........................................................................................................ 209 7.2.30. \DxÕ ........................................................................................................ 210 \ÕO ........................................................................................................... 210 \ÕOODPDN ............................................................................................... 210 \ÕOOÕN .................................................................................................... 210 QHN\ÕO .................................................................................................. 211 WLúL\ÕO .................................................................................................. 211 7.2.31.5. irkäN\ÕO ............................................................................................... 211 ]DPQ ..................................................................................................... 212 ........................................................................................... 213 8.1. Täñri............................................................................................................... 213 8.1.1. ay täñri ..................................................................................................... 213 8.1.2. kök täñri ................................................................................................... 213 8.1.3. kün täñri ................................................................................................... 215 8.1.3.1. kün ay täñri............................................................................................ 215 8.1.4. tañ täñri .................................................................................................... 216 8.2. Gök dDOJÕFÕODUÕ ............................................................................................... 216 8.2.1. açita.......................................................................................................... 216 8.2.2. çitrasini..................................................................................................... 216 8.2.3. gantarvi .................................................................................................... 216 SDQoDúLNL .................................................................................................. 217 8.2.5. tamburi ..................................................................................................... 217 8.2.6. nata........................................................................................................... 217. *|NOHøOJLOLøQDQÕúODU. SONUÇ.................................................................................................................... 218 ................................................................................................ 220 g=*(d0øù ........................................................................................................... 239 %ø%/ø<2*5$)<$. 12.

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(47) ³(VNL $VWURQRPL 0HWLQOHULQGH .DUúÕODúÕODQ $VWURQRPL 7HULPOHULQH øOLúNLQ%LU6|]ON'HQH. mesi”, OTAM, 11, Ankara, 2000: 633-8QDW¶ÕQEXoDOÕúPDVÕ. GDKD oRN øVOkPL\HW VRQUDVÕ PHWLQOHUGH JHoHQ DVWURQRPL WHULPOHUL\OH LOJLOLGLU %L] EX WHULP V|]ONOHULQGHQ (VNL 7UNoH DVWURQRPL WHULPOHULQLQ VÕQÕUODUÕQÕ oL]HUNHQ ROGXNoD. istifade ettik. Türk asWURQRPLVL\OH LOJLOL \DSÕODQ DUDúWÕUPDODU HOEHWWH \XNDUÕGDV|]Q HWWL÷LPL] DUDúWÕUPDODUOD VÕQÕUOÕ GH÷LOGLU %L] VDGHFH (VNL 7UNoH .|NWUNoH. Türkçesi) gök bilimi (astURQRPL

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(50) G|QHPLQH DLW J|N ELOLPL y. WHULPOHULYHIDDOL\HWOHULLoLQ\D]ÕOÕPHWLQND QDNODUÕNRQXNOOL\DWÕLoLQHDOÕQPÕúWÕU. +XQODUGDQ YH GL÷HU HVNL 7UN ER\ODUÕQGDQ EXJQH HOLPL]H \D]ÕOÕ ND\QDNODU JHoPHPLúWLU.|NWUNOHUYH 8\JXUODULoLQLVH EXG|QHPOHUGH \D]ÕOPÕú RODQoHúLWOL\D]ÕOÕ ND\QDNODU WDUDQPÕú YH EX ND\QDNODUGDNL J|N ELOLP WHULPOHUL LQFHOHQPLúWLU øVODPv oHYUH G|QHPL RODUDN GD .DUDKDQOÕ 7UNoHVL PHWLQOHUL (VNL 7UNoH G|QHPLQH GDKLO HGLOPLú YH. incelenPLúWLU. 20.

(51) 0.6.1. Köktürkçe Eserler Türkçenin elimizdeki kaynaklara göre en eski metinleri olan Türk runik harfli PHWLQOHU NRQX NOOL\DWÕPÕ]GD \HU DOPDNWDGÕU dDOÕúPDPÕ]GD 7UN UXQLN KDUIOHUL\OH EHQJWDúODUDYHNk÷ÕGD\D]ÕOPÕúPHWLQOHULQFHOHQHFHNWLU. 0.6.2. Uygurca Eserler EsNL 8\JXU 7UNoHVL LOH \D]ÕOPÕú %XGGKLVW YH 0DQLKHLVW oHYUH\H DLW HVHUOHU NRUSXV LoLQGH HQ JHQLú \HUL WXWDQ E|OPGU %XGGKLVW YH 0DQLKHLVW oHYUH\H DLW 7UNoH HVHUOHUNRUSXVLoLQHDOÕQÕUNHQKHUKDQJLELUD\UÕP\DSÕOPDPÕúROXSXODúÕODELOHQKHUWUO. eser kRUSXV. LoLQGH GH÷HUOHQGLULOPH\H oDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕU g]HOOLNOH %XGGKLVW oHYUH\H DLW. 7UNoH HVHUOHULQ oRN ID]OD ROPDVÕ QHGHQL\OH XODúÕODPD\DQ ND\QDNODUOD LOJLOL RODUDN. özellikle Klaus Röhrborn’un Uigurisches Wörterbuch DGOÕ V|]O÷ LOH (VNL 7UNoHQLQ V|] YDUOÕ÷ÕQÕ WRSOD\DQ HVHUOHUH GH PUDFDDW HGLOPLúWLU $UDúWÕUPDPÕ]GD NXOODQÕODQ %XGGKLVW. YH. 0DQLKHLVW. oHYUH\H. DLW. HVHUOHULQ. NÕVDOWPDODUÕ. GD. \LQH. Uigurisches. Wörterbuch¶GD NXOODQÕODQ NÕVDOWPDODUGÕU %X HVHUGH NÕVDOWPDVÕ ROPD\DQ HVHUOHU LoLQ LVH WDUDIÕPÕ]GDQNÕVDOWPD\DSÕOPÕúWÕU. 13.-. \\. DUDVÕQGD. WDULKOHQGLULOHQ. VLYLO. 8\JXU. EHOJHOHUL. GH. WH]LPL]LQ. NRUSXVXQGD \HU DOPÕúWÕU %X EHOJHOHU oHúLWOL DUDúWÕUPDFÕODU WDUDIÕQGDQ PDNDOH YH NLWDS G]H\LQGH. \D\ÕPODQPÕúWÕU. $úD÷ÕGD. NLWDS. G]H\LQGH. \D\ÕPODQDQ. VLYLO. 8\JXU. belgelerinin künyesini veriyoruz: RADLOFF, Wilhelm (1928) Uigurische Sprachdenkmäler. Materialien, nach dem Tode des Verfassers mit Ergäanzungen von S. Malov herausgegeben, Leningrad, (USp.). $5$75HúLW5DKPHWL

(52) >@³(VNL7UN+XNXN9HVLNDODUÕ´. Makaleler,. cilt I, Yay. Haz. O. F. Sertkaya, TKAE Yay., Ankara: 506-572. CLARK, V. Larry (1975) Introduction to the Uyghur Civil Documents of East Turkestan (13th-14th cc.), Dissertation of Indiana University, Ph. D., Bloomington (Clark).. 21.