First Activities in Madina
Building mosque.
Prayers were performed facing Jerusalem util the
direction of prayer was changed towards the Ka’ba, in accordance with the verses revealed sixteen or
seventeen months after the Emigration. (al- Baqarah/2:149-150)
Brotherhood:
Immediately after the Emigration, the Prophet declared the Emigrants as a brother or sister of a Muslim from the Aws or Khazraj tribes. This arrangement of
‘Brotherhood’ provided significant opportunity for the unification of the Muslim society.
Call to Prayer (Adhan):
the first year of Emigration (622) was the recitation of the Call to Prayer in order to notify Muslims of the specific times for
prayer.
The Charter of Medina or constitution of Medina :
It was drafted by the Prophet Muhammad
shortly after his arrival at Medina (then known as Yathrib) in 622 CE, following the Hijra from Mecca.
Rights of non-Muslims
The non-Muslims had the following rights on the condition they "follow" the Muslims:
The security of God is equal for all groups,
Non-Muslim members will have the same
political and cultural rights as Muslims. They will have autonomy and freedom of religion.
Non-Muslims will take up arms against the enemy of the nation and share the cost of
war. There is to be no treachery between the two.
Non-Muslims will not be obliged to take part in religious wars of the Muslims.
Non-Muslim members will have the same
political and cultural rights as Muslims. They will have autonomy and freedom of religion
Non-Muslims will take up arms against the enemy of the nation and share the cost of war. There is to be no treachery between the two.
Non-Muslims will not be obliged to take part
in religious wars of the Muslims.
Medinah charter:
Wellhausen:
1. a forgery would reflect the outlook of a later period-e.g. ,the community would not include nonemuslims; the tribe of Quraysh would not be so severely assailed as the enemy of God;
much more would be made of Muhammad’s stature as God’s Apostle; etc.;
2. linguistically, the grammar and vocabulary are very archaic;
3. the text is full of unexplained allusions which could only have been intelligible to contemporaries ;
