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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND STATE of MOOD IN ADOLESCENTS DISPLAYING RISKY BEHAVIORS
ABSTRACT
In this study, the effect of childhood traumas and intelligence of adolescents on their mental states was investigated by taking into consideration of familial and environmental factors in the formation of risky behaviors. The participants of this study consist of 65 clinical cases having a history of abuse. They are exhibiting risky behaviors and are protected by the Ministry of Family and Social Policy in two centers in the province of Istanbul. In order to determine the IQ scores of the participants, Porteus and Cattel intelligence tests were conducted. The Childhood Mental Trauma Scale and Brief Symptom Inventory were also administered. According to findings of the study, emotional neglect has a significant effect on depression, negative self and somatization. In addition, sexual abuse has a significant effect on the negative self.
Key words: risky behaviors, childhood trauma, psychological symptoms
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Sabit 5.113 .701 .487 1.765 .181 .126
'X\JXVDOøVWLVPDU .701 1.198 .237 )L]LNVHOøKPDO -.332 -.512 .611 'X\JXVDOøKPDO 1.502 2.899 .006
&LQVHOøVWLVPDU .600 1.759 .085
Minimizasyon 4.728 2.001 .051
CTQ Toplam -.405 -1.290 .203
3
Sabit 1.982 .304 .762 1.637 .170 .158
'X\JXVDOøVWLVPDU .663 1.269 .211 )L]LNVHOøKPDO -.485 -.839 .406 'X\JXVDOøKPDO 1.076 2.326 .024
&LQVHOøVWLVPDU .553 1.815 .076
Minimizasyon 3.457 1.638 .108
CTQ Toplam -.301 -1.073 .288
4
Sabit 1.690 .389 .699 1.640 .170 .157
'X\JXVDOøVWLVPDU .429 1.230 .225
)L]LNVHOøKPDO .371 .961 .341
'X\JXVDOøKPDO .668 2.164 .035
&LQVHOøVWLVPDU .534 2.624 .012
Minimizasyon 1.092 .775 .442
CTQ Toplam -.363 -1.941 .058
5
Sabit 6.798 1.825 .074 .731 .084 .627
'X\JXVDOøVWLVPDU .210 .704 .485 )L]LNVHOøKPDO -.257 -.779 .440
'X\JXVDOøKPDO .355 1.341 .186
&LQVHOøVWLVPDU .190 1.092 .280
Minimizasyon .567 .470 .640
CTQ Toplam -.088 -.551 .584
0 0RGHO %D÷ÕPOÕ 'H÷LúNHQOHU $QNVL\HWH 0RGHO 'HSUHV\RQ 0RGHO
Olumsuz Benlik (Model 3), Somatizasyon (Model 4) ve Hostilite (Model 5)
87 7$57,ù0$
dRFXNOXN G|QHPLQGH LKPDO YH LVWLVPDU oRFXN HEHYH\Q LOLúNLVLQLQ ROPDPDVÕ
\HWHUVL]ROPDVÕ\DGDN|W\HNXOODQÕOPDVÕHVDVÕQDGD\DQPDNWDGÕUg]HOOLNOHLKPDOLQ
D÷ÕU SVLNRORMLN VRQXoODU \DUDWWÕ÷Õ YDUVD\ÕPÕQÕ LOHUL VUHQ DUDúWÕUPDFÕODU EXQX
GR÷UXOD\DQ VRQXoODU GD HOGH HWPLúOHUGLU %XQD J|UH LKPDOLQ ELOLúVHO JHOLúPH\L
|]HOOLNOH GH ]HNk |]HOLNOH V|]HO ,4 YH GLO JHOLúLPL ]HULQGH ROXPVX] VRQXoODU
RUWD\DoÕNDUGÕ÷Õ J|VWHULOPLúWLUøKPDOHGLOPLúoRFXNODULOHLVWLVPDUHGLOPLúoRFXNODU
NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD LKPDO HGLOPLúOHULQ GDKD LoOHULQH NDSDQÕN ROGX÷X DQFDN HUJHQOLN
G|QHPLQGH GÕúDYXUXP GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕQ GDKD EHOLUJLQ ROGX÷X VDSWDQPÕúWÕU øKPDO
IL]LNVHO LVWLVPDUOD ROGX÷XQGD GH÷LO GH WHN EDúÕQD ROPDVÕ GXUXPODUÕQGD GÕúDYXUXP
GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕQGDKDID]ODROGX÷XJ|]OHQPLúWLU $QFDNoDOÕúPDPÕ]GDoRFXNOXNoD÷Õ
WUDYPDODUÕLOH]HNDDUDVÕQGDDQODPOÕELULOLúNLWHVSLWHGLOHPHPLúWLU
5XKVDO EHOLUWLOHULQ RUWD\D oÕNPDVÕQGD ]HND G]H\L |QHPOL ELU URO VWOHQPHNWHGLU
=HND JHULOL÷L J|]OHQHQ KHU G|UW oRFXNWDQ ELU WDQHVLQGH UXKVDO EHOLUWLler J|]OHPOHQPHNWHGLU )LGDQ =HND JHULOL÷L \DúD\DQ oRFXNODU IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQÕQ
JHWLUGL÷L KHUWUO]RUOX÷DED÷OÕRODUDNGHSUHV\RQ JHoLUPH\HoRNGDKD \DWNÕQGÕUODU
%XQXQOD ELUOLNWH EX oRFXNODUÕQ KD\DWWDNL GHQH\LPOHUL DQODPODQGÕUPD VUHFLQGH
VÕNÕQWÕROGX÷XQGDQoR÷X QRUPDO \DúDP NRúXOXRQODULoLQ NRUNXWXFXRODELOPHNWH YH
DQNVL\HWH ER]XNOXNODUÕ RUWD\D oÕNDELOPHNWHGLU %XQXQOD ELUOLNWH ]HND JHULOL÷L
ROPD\DQ DQFDN ]HND G]H\OHUL ELUELULQGHQ IDUNOÕ RODQ NLúLOHULQ GHSUHV\RQ
\DWNÕQOÕNODUÕQÕQ IDUNOÕOÕ÷ÕQÕ RUWD\D NR\DQ DUDúWÕUPDODU EXOXQPDNWDGÕU 'R÷DQ YH
dHWLQ $UDúWÕUPDPÕ]GDQ HOGH HGLOHQ EXOJXODUD J|UH ]HND UXKVDO EHOLUWLOHU
]HULQGHDQODPOÕHWNL\DUDWPDPDNWDGÕU
$QDOL] VRQXoODUÕ DQNVL\HWH ]HULQGH KHUKDQJL ELU oRFXNOXN oD÷Õ WUDYPD WUQQ
DQODPOÕHWNL\DUDWPDGÕ÷ÕQDLúDUHWHWPHNWHGLU$QFDNOLWHUDWUGH\HUDODQoDOÕúPDODUÕQ
EXOJXPX]XGHVWHNOHPHGL÷LJ|UOPHNWHGLU +RUQRU MacMillan ve ark., 2001;
9DQ +DUPHOHQ 'X\JXVDO YH IL]LNVHO LVWLVPDUD PDUX] NDOPÕú oRFXNODU
NHQGLOHULQLGH÷HUVL]VHvilmeyen, istenmeyen ve tehlikede olarak hissederler (Kairys YH-RKQVRQ *YHQOLROPD\DQYHLVWLNUDUVÕ]ELURUWDPGD\HWLúHQoRFXNODUKHP
EHQOL÷L KHP GH GL÷HU LQVDQODU YH GÕú GQ\D LOH LOJLOL ROXPVX] EHNOHQWLOHU \D GD
PRGHOOHU JHOLúWLUHELOPHNWHGLU (Wright ve ark., 2009). Bu olumsuz beklentiler ve X\XP ER]XFX PRGHOOHU oRFX÷XQ \HWLúNLQ G|QHPGH DQNVL\HWH EHOLUWLOHUL
JHOLúWLUPHVLQH ]HPLQ KD]ÕUOD\DELOPHNWHGLU %HQ]HU úHNLOGH FLQVHO LVWLVPDUD PDUX]
NDOPÕú oRFXNODUÕQ GD EHQOLN DOJÕVÕ NLúLOHU DUDVÕ LOLúNL NXUPD YH VRV\DO LOLúNLOHUL
sürdürebilme becerisi olumsuz etkilenmektedir (Taner ve Gökler, 2004). Cinsel LVWLVPDUÕQ JHQHOOLNOH oRFX÷D HQ \DNÕQÕ WDUDIÕQGDQ \DSÕOGÕ÷Õ GúQOG÷QGH
oRFX÷XQ ELU JYHQ YH JYHQOLN VRUXQX JHOLúWLUPHVL GH PXKWHPHOGLU %|\OH
yaúDQWÕODUÕPDUX]NDODQELUH\OHUDLOHELUH\OHULQH\DGDDUNDGDúODUÕQDJYHQPHPHYH
RQODUGDQX]DNODúPDLoLQHNDSDQPDVRV\DOLOLúNLOHUGHQNDoÕQPDJLELWHSNLOHURUWD\D
koyabilmektedir (Kurtay ve ark., 2004).
$QDOL] VRQXoODUÕ GHSUHV\RQXQ VDGHFH GX\JXVDO LKPDO WDUDIÕQGDQ HWNLOHQGL÷LQL
J|VWHUPHNWHGLU /LWHUDWUGH \HU DODQ oDOÕúPDODU JHQHO RODUDN oRFXNOXN oD÷Õ
88
WUDYPDODUÕQÕQ HUJHQOLN YH \HWLúNLQOLN G|QHPLQGH GHSUHV\RQ JHUHNoHVL ROGX÷XQX
J|VWHUPHNWHGLU g]HOOLNOH GX\JXVDO LVWLVPDU YH LKPDOLQ GHSUHV\RQ LOH LOLúNLVini J|VWHUHQ oDOÕúPDODU YDUGÕU (Hornor, 2011; Spertus ve ark., 2003; Wright ve ark.,
6UHNOL HOHúWLUL DúD÷ÕODPD UHGGHWPH NoPVHPH YH \RN VD\PD JLEL
GX\JXVDO LVWLVPDU YH LKPDO \DúDQWÕODUÕ EHQOLN LOH LOJLOL ROXPVX] LQDQoODUÕQ
LoVHOOHúWLULOPHVLQH YH X]XQ VUHOL ROXPVX] HWNLOHULQ ROXúPDVÕQD QHGHQ ROPDNWDGÕU
(Wright YHDUN dRFXNOXNoD÷ÕQGD|]HOOLNOHDLOHYHGL÷HU\DNÕQODUWDUDIÕQGDQ
VHEHS ROXQDQ FLQVHO LVWLVPDU IL]LNVHO LKPDO YH LVWLVPDU \DúDQWÕODUÕ \HWLúNLQOLN
G|QHPLQGH LoH NDSDQÕN ELUH\OHU \DUDWPDNWD \DúDGÕ÷Õ WUDYPDQÕQ HWNLVL LOH ELUH\
VUHNOL NRUNX KDOLQGH ROPDNWD YH VRQXo RODUDN GHSUHV\RQ RUWD\D oÕNDELOPHNWHGLU
+RUQRU 'HSUHV\RQXQ ROXúXPXQGD ELUH\LQ NHQGLVL NHQGLQL NXVXUOX
\HWHUVL]KDVWDOÕNOÕ\DGD\RNVXQRODUDNJ|UPH GQ\D GQ\D\ÕNHQGLVWQGHDúÕUÕ
LVWHNOHUL RODQ YH \DúDP DPDoODUÕQD XODúPDVÕQGD |QQGH VWHVLQGHQ JHOHPH\HFH÷L
HQJHOOHU RODQ ELU \HU RODUDN J|UPH YH JHOHFH÷L \DúDQÕODQ JoONOHULQ YH\D
VÕNÕQWÕODUÕQVRQVX]DGHNGHYDPHGHFH÷L KDNNÕQGDNLROXPVX]DOJÕODPDODU\DGDEDNÕú
DoÕODUÕ\HUDOPDNWDGÕU(Beck ve ark., 1979).
$QDOL] VRQXoODUÕQD J|UH GX\JXVDO LKPDO ROXPVX] EHQOLN ]HULQGH DQODPOÕ HWNL
\DUDWPDNWDGÕUdRFXNNHQGX\JXVDODoÕGDQLKPDOHPDUX]NDODQELUH\OHUGH÷HUVL]OLN
DúD÷ÕODQPD VXoOXOXN XWDQo JLEL GúQFHOHUL LoVHOOHúWLUHELOPHNWHGLU g]HOOLNOH
oRFXNNHQGX\JXVDO\|QGHQJHUHNVLQLPGX\GX÷XLOJLVHYJLYH\DNÕQOÕ÷ÕJ|UHPH\HQ
ELUH\OHULQEHQOLNNDYUDPÕQÕQJHOLúLPLROXPVX]HWNLOHQPHNWHGLU hQDO $\UÕFD
GX\JXVDO LKPDO \DúDQWÕVÕ oRFX÷D GR÷UXGDQ \HWHUVL] ROGX÷XQD GDLU ELU NHQGLOLN
GH÷HUL DúÕODQPDVÕQD YH E|\OHFH oRFX÷XQ NHQGL YH HWNLOLOL÷L NRQXVXQGD ROXPVX]
LQDQoODUÕ LoVHOOHúWLUPHVLQH QHGHQ ROXU /LWHUDWUGH \HU DODQ oDOÕúPDODUGD EX EXOJX
desteklenmektedir (Wright YH DUN %XQD J|UH \HWLúNLQOLN G|neminde ROXPVX] EHQOL÷LQ JHOLúLPLQGH oRFXNOXN oD÷ÕQGD \DúDQDQ GX\JXVDO LKPDOLQ |QHPOL
ELUURORODELOHFH÷LJ|UOPHNWHGLU
.ÕVD 6HPSWRP (QYDQWHUL¶QLQ VRPDWL]DV\RQ DOW ER\XWXQXQ HWNLOHQPHVLQGH ELULQFL
VÕUDGD GX\JXVDO LKPDO LNLQFL VÕUDGD LVH FLQVHO LVWLVPDUÕQ \HU DOGÕ÷Õ J|UOPúWU
6RPDWL]DV\RQ ER]XNOX÷X RODQ NLúLOHULQ SVLNL\DWULN YH SVLNRORMLN GH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHUL
\DSÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD JHQHOOLNOH DOWWD \DWDQ VWUHV XQVXUODUÕQÕQ ROGX÷X J|UOPHNWHGLU 6WUHV
XQVXUODUÕQÕQ NLúL WDUDIÕQGDQ IDUN HGLOHPHPHVL J|UPH]GHQ JHOLQPHVi ya da o|]OHPHPHVL VRQXFXQGD NLúLGH SVLNRORMLN VÕNÕQWÕ NHQGLQL IL]LNVHO EHOLUWLOHU RODUDN
J|VWHULU /LSRZVNL dRFXNOX÷XQGDGX\JXVDOLVWLVPDUDPDUX]NDODQoRFXNODU
GúQFHOHULQL YH GX\JXODUÕQÕ LIDGH HWPH NRQXVXQGD DLOHOHUL WDUDIÕQGDQ
HQJHOOHQGL÷LQGH \D GD EDVNÕODQGÕ÷ÕQGD VD÷OÕNOÕ EDú HWPH PHNDQL]PDODUÕ
JHOLúWLUHPH\HQ YH GX\JXODUÕQÕ LIDGH HGHPH\HQ oRFXNODU VRPDWLN \DNÕQPDODUOD
NHQGLOHULQL LIDGH HWPHNWHGLUOHU +DXJDDUG %HQ]HU úHNLOGH FLQVHO LVWLVPDUD
maruz kalan çocuklar, vücut bütünlüklerLQH \|QHOLN EX \DúDQWÕ QHGHQL\OH
ROXPVX]OXN \DúD\DUDN VRPDWLN EHOLUWLOHU J|VWHUPHNWHGLUOHU øOJLOL OLWHUDWU
oHUoHYHVLQGH GH÷HUOHQGLULOGL÷LQGH EX EXOJX LOH WXWDUOÕ VRQXoODU RUWD\D NR\DQ oRN
VD\ÕGDoDOÕúPDROGX÷XJ|UOPHNWHGLU $OOHQ 6SHUWXVYHDUN, 2003; Stuart ve 1R\HV 'L÷HU WDUDIWDQ *OHo YG \DSWÕNODUÕ oDOÕúPDGD oRFXNOXN oD÷Õ
WUDYPD\DúDQWÕODUÕLOHUXKVDOEHOLUWLOHUDUDVÕQGDKHUKDQJLELULOLúNLEXODPDPÕúWÕU
89 Çocukken ihmal ve istismara maruz kalan bireylerin genellikle reddedici ve GúPDQFDGDYUDQÕúODUVHUJLOH\HQDLOHOHUHVDKLSROGXNODUÕJ|]OHQPLúWLU *ODVHU
6UHNOL RODUDN UHGGHGLOPH WHKGLW HGLOPH \D GD DúD÷ÕODQPD JLEL \DúDQWÕODUD PDUX]
NDODQ ELUH\OHULQ EHQOLN DOJÕVÕQÕQ ROXPVX] HWNLOHQGL÷L ELOLQPHNWHGLU %X ROXPVX]
benliNDOJÕVÕELUH\OHULQGL÷HUOHULQH|INHOHQPHVLQHYHE|\OHFHROXPVX]VDOGÕUJDQYH
GúPDQFD ELU HWNLOHúLP ROXúWXUPDVÕQD QHGHQ ROPDNWDGÕU $\UÕFD oRFXNOXN
döneminde ihmal ve istismara maruz kalmak, yeterli duygu düzenleme becerilerinin JHOLúWLULOHPHPHVLQHYHEXGDELUH\OHULQVDOGÕUJDQYHGúPDQFDGDYUDQÕúODUÕQWHPHOLQL
ROXúWXUDQROXPVX]|INHGX\JXODUÕQÕNHQGLOHULQGHQX]DNWXWPDODUÕQÕHQJHOOHPHNWHGLU
(Allen, $QFDN DUDúWÕUPD EXOJXODUÕ oRFXNOXN oD÷Õ WUDYPD \DúDQWÕODUÕQÕQ
KRVWLOLWH\L HWNLOHPHGL÷LQL J|VWHUPHNWHGLU <D]ÕQGD \HU DODQ oDOÕúPDODU |]HOOLNOH
GX\JXVDO LVWLVPDUÕQ KRVWLOLWH\L \RUGDGÕ÷ÕQÕ J|VWHUPHNWHGLU (Barnett ve ark., 2011).
%X\|QDUDúWÕUPDEXOJXODUÕJHQHORODUDNOLWHUDWUHWHUVGúPHNWHGLU
%X oDOÕúPDGD NOLQLN ELU |UQHNOHP NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU gUQHNOHPL ROXúWXUDQ HUJHQOHULQ
DLOHVL YH oHYUHVL WDUDIÕQGDQ LVWLVPDUD X÷UDGÕNODUÕ $LOH YH 6RV\DO 3ROLWLNDODU
%DNDQOÕ÷¶QFD EHOLUOHQPLú ROPDVÕQD UD÷PHQ oRFXNOXN G|QHPL LKPDO YH LVWLVPDU
\DúDQWÕODUÕQÕQUXKVDOEHOLUWLOHU]HULQGHJHQHOOLNOHHWNLVL]ROGX÷X GDKDoRk duygusal LKPDOLQ \RUGD\ÕFÕ UROQQ |Q SODQD oÕNWÕ÷Õ J|UOPúWU %X DoÕGDQ
GH÷HUOHQGLULOGL÷LQGH J|UHFHOL RODUDN NDWÕOÕPFÕODUÕQ IL]LNVHO YH FLQVHO LVWLVPDU
\DúDQWÕODUÕQÕQGúNRUDQGDROGX÷XGúQOPúWU
%XQXQOD ELUOLNWH EX oDOÕúPDGD WUDYPD JHoPLúLQH yönelik bilgiler geriye dönük NHQGLQL GH÷HUOHQGLUPH |OoH÷L LOH HOGH HGLOPLúWLU *HoPLú \DúDQWÕODUD LOLúNLQ \DSÕODQ
GH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHUGH GLNNDW HGLOPHVL JHUHNHQ QRNWDODUGDQ ELULQLQ EX \DúDQWÕODUÕQ
X]XQ ]DPDQ |QFH ROPXú YH XQXWXOPDVÕ LoLQ DúÕUÕ oDED KDUFDQPÕú LVWLVPDU
\DúDQWÕODUÕQD DLW DQÕODUÕQ ER]XOPXú YH oDUSÕWÕOPÕú ROPD LKWLPDOLQLQ ROGX÷X
ELOGLULOPHNWHGLU $OOHQ %X QHGHQOH LVWLVPDUÕQ X]XQ VUHOL HWNLOHULQL
LQFHOHPHN LoLQ LOHUL\H G|QN |OoP DUDoODUÕQÕQ NXOODQÕOPDVÕ YH GDKD ID]OD LOHUL\H
dönük çaOÕúPD \DSÕOPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷L GúQOPHNWHGLU %HQ]HU úHNLOGH NHVLWVHO GHVHQ
NXOODQDQoDOÕúPDODUÕQGDQHGHQ- VRQXoLOLúNLVLLOHLOJLOL\HWHUOLELOJLOHUVD÷OD\DPDGÕ÷Õ
LOHULVUOPHNWHGLU 6SHUWXVYHDUN $\UÕFDUXKVDOWUDYPD\DúDQWÕODUÕELUoRN
sorunuQ YDUOÕ÷Õ\OD ELUOLNWH RUWD\D oÕNWÕ÷ÕQGDQ QHGHQ-VRQXo LOLúNLVL NXUPDN GDKD GD
]RUODúPDNWDGÕU 1HGHQ-VRQXo LOLúNLVLQH GDLU VD÷OÕNOÕ YHULOHU HOGH HGLOPHVL LoLQ GH
ER\ODPVDOYHoRN\|QOoDOÕúPDODUÕQ\UWOPHVLQHJHUHNVLQLPGX\XOPDNWDGÕU
dRFXNOXN oD÷ÕQGD J|UOHQ LKPDO YH LVWLVPDU \DúDQWÕODUÕQGD DQQH EDEDODUÕQ
GDYUDQÕúODUÕ |QHP WDúÕPDNWDGÕU dRFX÷XQ EDúÕQGDQ KHUKDQJL ELU WUDYPDWLN ROD\
JHoPHVLGXUXPXQGDoRFX÷XQEXEHNOHQPHGLNYHDFÕYHULFLROD\ÕQDVÕODOJÕOD\DFD÷Õ
\D GD \RUXPOD\DFD÷Õ ROD\ODU NDUúÕVÕQGD QH WU WHSNL PHNDQL]PDODUÕ JHOLúWLUHFH÷L
E\N|OoGHLoLQGHEXOXQGX÷XoHYUH\HYH|]HOOLNOHDQQH-EDED\DED÷OÕGÕU<DúDGÕ÷Õ
ROD\ NDUúÕVÕQGD KHQ] KHUKDQJL ELU GDYUDQÕú NDOÕEÕ ROXúWXUDPDPÕú oRFX÷XQ
GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ ROXPOX \|QGH HWNLOHPHN YH JHOHFHNWH KHUKDQJL ELU WUDYPD DOW\DSÕVÕ
ROXúXPXQX HQJHOOHPHN ]HUH DQQH YH EDEDODUÕQ oHúLWOL VRUXPOXOXNODU VWOHQPHVL
JHUHNPHNWHGLU $QQH EDEDQÕQ oRFX÷XQ GX\JX YH GúQFHOHULQL DQODPD\D |QHP
90
YHUPHN VXUHWL LOH oRFX÷D JYHQGH ROGX÷XQX KLVVHWWLUPHVL YH ROD\ |QFHVLQGHNL
KD\DWÕQ\HQLGHQ\DúDQGÕ÷ÕQDoRFX÷XLQDQGÕUPDVÕJHUHNPHNWHGLU
'L÷HUWDUDIWDQDQQH-EDEDQÕQGR÷UXGDQQHGHQROGX÷XWUDYPDODUNRQXVXQGDGD\HWNLOL
GHYOHWNXUXPODUÕQÕQPGDKDOHVLJHUHNPHNWHGLU%L]]DWDQQHEDEDVÕWDUDIÕQGDQLKPDO
YH LVWLVPDUD PDUX] NDODQ oRFXNODUÕQ SVLNRORMLN GDQÕúPDQOÕN oHUoHYHVLQGH
WUDYPDODUGDQ X]DN WXWXOPDVÕ HUJHQOLN G|QHPLQGHNL ULVNOL GDYUDQÕúODUÕQ YH UXKVDO
belirtilerin önüne geçecektir.
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'R÷DQ 7 dHWLQ % hQLYHUVLWH |÷UHQFLOHULQLQ VRV\DO ]HNk G]H\OHULQLQ
GHSUHV\RQ YH ED]Õ GH÷LúNHQOHUOH LOLúNLVLQLQ LQFHOHQPHVL <NVHN /LVDQV 7H]L
Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
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Pediatrclinnam, 50, 765-780
(NúL $ *|]GHQ *HoLUPH %Hú .ÕWDGD *HQo 6RUXQODUÕ dRFXN 9H *HQoOLN
5XK6D÷OÕ÷Õ'HUJLVL
91 (NúL $ ùLGGHW=RUEDOÕN9H.DEDGD\ÕOÕN (GLW|U $\VHO(NúL %HQ+DVWD
'H÷LOLPøVWDQEXO 1REHO7ÕS.LWDSODUÕ-384.
Fidan, Y. T. (2011). Bir çocuk-HUJHQ UXK VD÷OÕ÷Õ YH KDVWDOÕNODUÕ SROLNOLQL÷LQH
EDúYXUDQ oRFXN YH HUJHQOHULQ UXKVDO EHOLUWLOHUL YH ULVN IDNW|UOHULQLQ
GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL.RQXUDOS7ÕS'Hrgisi, 3, 1-8.
Glaser, D. (2002). Emotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): a conceptual framework, Child Abuse & Neglect 26, 697–714.
*OHo 0 < $OWLQWDú 0 øQDQo / %H]JLQ d + .RFD ( . *OHo +
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