MEVLANA ARAŞTIRMALARI. Editör Adnan Karaismailoğlu. Prof Dı : Mevlana Araştırmaları Derneği Bilim Kurulu

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MEVLANA

ARAŞTIRMALARI

Editör

Prof Dı: Adnan Karaismailoğlu

Mevlana Araştırmaları Derneği

Bilim Kurulu

Dı: Nazif Öztürk, Doç. Dı: Hicabi Kırlangıç Doç. Dı: Derya Örs, Prof Dr. Adnan Karaismailoğlu

Redaktör

Dı: Bilal Çakıcı

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Mevlana Araştırmalan -2

Editör: Prof Dı: Adnan Karaismailoğlzı

Mevlana Araştırmalan Derneği Bilim Kurulu Dı: Nazif Öztürk, Doç. Dı: Hicabi Kırlangıç, Doç. Dı: Deıya Örs, Prof Dı: Adnan Karaismailoğlu

Redaktör: Dı: Bilal Çakıcı

Akçağ Yayıııları: 917 Araştırma-İnceleme: 62

ISBN 978-975-338-915-0

Kitabm içeriği ile ilgili tüm hukuki sorumluluk editöre aittiı:

Kapak: Emin Bebek Sayfa Düzeni: Akçağ Dizgi Ünitesi

Baskı: Erek Matbaası - 342 31 Ol 1. Baskı I Ankara 2008

Akçağ Basım Yayım Pazarlama AŞ

Tuna Cad. Nu.: 811 Kızılay I Ankara tel. (312) 432 17 98 - 433 86 51

Belgegeçer: 432 28 52 www.akcag.com.tr akcag@akcag.com.tr

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EDEN BATILI SEYAHATNAMELERİN BİBLİYOGRAFYASI

Rıza Duru·

Batılı seyyahların dervişlik gerçeğini tanıdıkları ilk mahaller genellikle mevlevihaneler olmuş ve adeta dervişlikle mevlevilik özdeş sayılmıştır.

Yüzyıllar boyunca, hemen hemen her Hristiyan batı ülkesinin uyruğundan,

birbirinden çok farklı sosyal kesimlerden ve meslek gruplarından seyyalılar,

yine çok farklı amaçlarla Osmanlı ülkesine seyahat etmişler ve bu vesileyle,

şahit oldukları mevleviler ve mevlevihanelerden seyahatnamelerinde bah-

setmişlerdir. Bunlar arasında veliaht prens, prenses, kont, kontes, marki, lord, baron, general, diplomat, politikacı, milletvekili, kaptan, asker, şövalye,

belediye başkanı, doktor, cerrah, hakim, avukat, şarkiyatçı, filozof, din bilgi- ni, piskopos, vaiz, rahibe, rektör, üniversite ^öğretimüyesi, bilim ^adamı,kü- tüphaneci, yazar, şair, yayıncı, gazeteci, besteci, şarkıcı, mizahçı, tarihçi,

kaşif, arkeolog, antikacı, nümizmatikçi, imalatçı, hayırsever, feminist aktivist, sosyalist, mason ve mistikler vardır. Seyyahların kimlikleri bir ba-

kıma seyahatlerinin maksadını da belirlemiştir.

Genellikle bir iki yıl tutan seyahat ve ikametlerin, üç ay kadar kısa ve 40 yıl kadar uzun süreni de olmuştur. Seyahatlerde yattan buharlı gemiye, trenden at arabasına, attan deveye, tahtırevandan yaya yürümeye kadar hemen her vasıta kullanılmıştır.

Seyyahların izlenimleri seyahatname, ikamef hatıraları ya da mektupla-

rın . derlenmesi biçiminde yayınlanmıştır. Bunlardan bazıları, müstakil bir kitap olarak yayınlanmamış, dergiler içerisinde yer almıştır. Kimi müellifler müstear ad ya da isminin baş harflerini kullanırken, kimileri isimlerini hiç vermemeyi veya "İstanbul' da uzun süre ikamet eden bir Amerikili," "Bir

hanım gönüllü," "Bir Avustralya'lı yerleşimci" gibi tariflerle yetinmişlerdir.

• Tıp Doktoru.

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184 Mevlevilik ve Mevlevihanelerden Söz Eden

Batılı Seyahatnamelerin Bibliyografyası

Seyahatnamelerde mev levihane ve mevlevilikle ilgili bahisler kimi za- man birkaç cümle ile geçiştirilirken, bazen kırk sayfaya varan aynntılı tasvir- lere yer verilmiştir. Mevlevileri adlandırırken farklı ifadeler kullanılmıştır.

Bunlardan bazılannın dilimizdeki karşılıkları şöyledir: Raks (dans) eden

dervişler, dönen dervişler, fırıldak gibi dönen dervişler, fınldanan dervişler,

burularak dönen dervişler, vals yapan dervişler. Bu tabirler, mevleviler dı

şında, rüfüiler için de fazlasıyla kullanılmıştır. Mevlevihaneleri manastır, dervişleri ise keşiş olarak tabir etmek yaygındır.

Ziyaret edilen mevlevihaneler arasında, başta İstanbul' daki Galata Mevlevihanesi olmak üzere, Üsküdar, Kasımpaşa, Yenikapı, Beşiktaş, Baha- riye, Konya, Afyonkarahisar, Edirne, Silivri, Gelibolu, Bursa, Manisa, İzmir,

Halep, Şam, Trablusşam, Kudüs, Bağdat, Kahire, Lamaka, Yenişehir, Sela- nik, Üsküp, Saraybosna bulunmaktadır.

Bazı seyyahlar yanlarında gezdirdikleri ressamların çizimlerine de yer

vermişlerdir. Bu resimlerde Çelebi Efendi, şeyh efendi, sema eden veya poz

vermiş mevlevi dervişleri, tekke, semahane, türbe ve seyirciler tasvir olun-

muştur. 19. yüzyıl sonlarından itibaren çizimler yerlerini fotoğrafa bırakmış

tır.

Burada sunduğumuz bibliyografya, mevleviler ve mevlevihanelerden söz eden bütün batılı seyahatnamelerini içermek iddiasında olmamakla bir- likte, bunların önemli bir kısmını bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Seyahatna- meler 17, 18, 19 ve 20. yüzyıllara ait örneklerden oluşmaktadır. En eskisi 1656 yılına (Thevenot), en yenileri ise, 1954 yılında bilinen son ihtifale me- kan olmuş Şam'daki mevlevihaneye ait izlenimleri içeren 1951 tarihli bir seyahatname ve bu tarihten somakilere bir örnek olmak üzere 1961 yılına ait bir seyahatnamedir. 300'e yakın eser, res:mi hüviyetini yitirdiği tarihten geri-

ye·

^doğru300 yıllık Mevlevilik geçmişine batılı bakışını yakalamaya

imkan

verdiği kadar, tarihi değeri olan bilgi ve belgeleri de içermektedir.

Bibliyografya, eserlerin Türkçeye tercümelerini içermemektedir. Bu, tamamlanmak üzere olan başka bir çalışmamızın konusudur. Eserlerin farklı

lık gösteren yayın ve baskıları, aynı sırada olmak üzere konulmuştur. Eserler

yazıldıkları dildeki baskısıyla yer almıştır, ancak bu dilde baskısına ulaşıla

mamışsa, diğer bir Batı diline tercümesiyle yetinilmiştir. Bibliyografyada İngilizce, Almanca, Fransızca, İtalyanca, İspanyolca, Portekizce, Hollanda- ca, Danimarkaca, Lehce dillerinde seyahatnameler bulunmaktadır.

Kurallara aykırı olmakla beraber, araştırıcılara kolaylık sağlamak bakı

mından, eserlerin mevlevilikle ilgili kısımlannın sayfa numaraları ve tespit

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edilebilmişse, seyyahın izlenimlerini.edindiği mevlevihane köşeli ayraç için- de bibliyografyada gösterilmiştir. Adı açıkça zikredilmeyen mevlevibaneler metnin bağlamından tespit edilmiştir. Belirli bir mevlevihaneyi merkeze almayan genel mevlevilik izlenimleri için yer belirtilmemiştir.

Bu bibliyograf yayla, seyahatname sayfaları arasında kalmış izlenimlerin değerlendirilmesinin kolaylaşacağı ve böylece, me~leviliktaribine ilgi çekici katkıların sürmesine imkan sağlanacağı düşünülmektedir. ¹

ABRAHAM, J. Johnston, My Balkan Log, s. 16 [Selanik], 254-258 [Üsküp], London, Chapman and Hail, 1921. .'

ADDISON, Charles G., Damascus and Palmyra (A Journey to the East with a Sketch of the State and Prospects of Syria under İbra

lıim Pasha), 2 C., C. I, p. 153-154 [Galata], Vol. II, s. 83 [Şam],

Philadelphia, E. L. Carey and A. Hart, 1838.

AINSWORTH, William Francis, Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotaınia, Chaldea and Arınenia, 2 C., C. II, s. 67 [Konya], London, John W. Parker, 1842.

ALBERT-MONTEMONT, Voyage dans les Cinq Parties du Monde ou l'on Decrit, 6 C., C. II, 2. B., s. 200 [Galata], Paris, Selligue,

1828.

AMICIS, Edmondo de, Costantinopoli, 4. B., s. 175-176 [Galata], Mi- lano, Fratelli Traves, 1877.

ANDERSEN, Hans Christian, En Digters Bazar, s. 261 [Galata], Kj0benhavn, C. A. Reitzel, 1842.

ANDERSEN, Hans Christian, H. C. Andersens Dagbf:Jger (1825- 1875), 2 C., C. II (Dagb0ger II, 1836-1844), s. 203 [Galata], K0benhavn, G. E. C. Gads, 1973.

ANDREOSSY, [Antoine-François], Constantinople et le Bosphore de Thrace (Pendant les Annees 1812, 1813 et 1814 et Pendant

1 Bugüne değin seyahatnamelerden yola çıkarak mevlevilik tarihine eğilen şu çalışmaları tespit edebildik:

Necip Fazıl DURU, Batılı Seyyahların Gözüyle 'Dönen Dervişler', Hece Dergisi, Sa-

yı:130, s. l 18-146, Ekim 2007, Ankara,

Osman ERA VŞAR, Gezginlerin Gözüyle Mevlana ve Türbesi, s. 399-420, 2007, Kon- ya, Mevlana Ocağı.

Şeyda ÜSTÜNİPEK, 18. ve 19. Yüzyıllarda Seyahatname ve Resiınlerde Mevlevilik, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniv., İlahiyat Fak., Uluslararası Düşünce ve Sanatta Mevlana Sempozyum Bildirileri, s. 577-585, 2006, Çanakkale.

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L' Annee 1826), s. 97-107 [Galata], Paris, Theophile Barrois et . Benj. Duprat, 1828. ·

AULDJO, John, Journal ofa Visit to Constantinopıe (and Some of the Greek lslands in the Spring and Sumrner of· 1833), s. 73-76 [Galata], Landon, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman, 1835.

AZAIS ve DOMERGUE, C., Journal d'un Voyageen Orient, s. 289- 290 [Galata], Avignon, F. Seguin Aine, 1858.

BAEDEKER, Karl, Egypt: Handbook for Travellers, 2 C., C. I, s.

151-152 [Kahire], Leipsic, London, Yazarın kendi yayını, 1885.

BALTIMORE, Lord, A Tour to the East in the Years 1763 and 1764 (with Remarks on the City of Constantinopl~ and the Turks), s. 78- 79 [Galata], London, W. Richardson and S. Clark, 1767.

BARATTA, Antonio, Constantinopoli nel 1831 (Ossia Notizie Esatte e Recentissime lntorno a Questa Capitale ed Agli Usi e Costumi de' Suoi Abitanti), s. 288-289 [Galata], Genova, Pellas, 1831.

BARRY, J. P., At the Gates of the East: A Book of Travel among Historic Wonderlands, s. 106-107 [Kahire], London, Longmans, Green and Co., 1906.

BASMAJIAN, Krikor Hagop, Social and Religious Life in tbe Orient, s. 146-147, New York, American Tract Society, 1890.

BAXTER, William Edward, Impressions of Central and Southern Europe (Being Notes of Successive Journeys in Germany, Austria, Italy, Switzerland and the Levant), s. 243-244 [Galata], London, Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1850 .

. )3EAMONT, William, · A Diary of a Journey to the East in the

· .. Autumn of 1854, 2 C., C. II, s. 292-293 [Galata], Landon, Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1856.

BEAUFORT, Emily A., Egyptian Sepulchres and Syrian Shrines (Including Some Stay in the Lebanon, at Palmyra and in Westem Turkey), 2 C., C. II, s. 417-420 [Bursa], London, Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, 1861.

BEGGS, Gertrude H., The Four in Crete, s. 176 [Hanya], New York ve Cincinnati, The Abingdon Press, 1915.

BESSE, Alfred De, The Turkish Empire: Its Historical, Statistical and Religious Condition (also its Manners, Customs, ete.), Al- manca'daki dördüncü baskısından İngilizce'ye gözden geçirerek ve

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genişleterek tercüme eden: Edward Joy Morris, s. 165-167 [Gala- ta], Philadelphia, Lindsay and Blakiston, 1854.

BIGOT, Charles, Grece-Turquie-Le Danube, s. 158 [Galata], Paris, Paul Ollendorff, 1886.

BOuE, Aıni, La Turquie D'Europe (ou Observations sur la Geographie, la Geologie, l'Histoire, la Statistique, les Moeurs, le Coutumes ... ), 4 C., C. III, s. 402-403 [Galata], Paris, Arthus Bertrand, 1840.

BOULDEN, James E. P., An American Among tbe Orientals (Including an Audience with the Sultan and.'a Visit to the Interior of a Turkish Harem), s. 136-137 [Galata], Philadelphia, Lindsay and Blakiston, 1855.

BOWEN, John, Memorials of John Bowen, [Kız kardeşi tarafından yayına hazırlanmıştır], s. 336-337 [Galata], London, James Nisbet and Co. , 1862.

BRA YER, A., Neuf Annees a Constantinople (Observations sur la Topographie de Cette Capitale L'Hygiene et les Moeurs de ses Habitants ... ), 2 C., C. 1, s. 211-213 [Galata], Paris, Bellizard, Barthes, Dufour et Lowell, 1836. ·

BREMER, Fredrika, Pages from My Diary, İsveççeden İngilizceye ter- cüme eden bilinmiyor, The Eclectic Review, Yeni Seri, C. III, s.

287-289 [Galata], Landon, Judd and Glass, January 1860. Travels in tbe Holy Land, İsveççe'den İngilizceye tercüme eden: Mary Howitt, 2 C., C. il, s. 259-260 [İzmir], 289-293 [Galata], 327, 331- 332 [Üsküdar Rüffil tekkesine misafır olan mevlevi], Landon,·

Hurst and Blackett, 1862.

BROMFIELD, William Arnold, Letters from Egypt and Syria, s. 58- 59 [Kahire], Landon, [Hususi tedavül için bastınlmıştır], 1856.

BROUGHTON, Lord, Travels in Albania and Otber Provinces of Turkey in 1809 and 1810, 2 C., C. il, Yeni B., s. 298-301 [Gala- ta], London, John Murray, 1858.

BROWN, John P., Eastem De1Wiches, The Knickerbocker or New York Monthly Magazine, C. XLVID, No. 4, s. 389, New York,

S~uel-Hueston, October 1856.

BROWN, John P., The Darvishes, s. 59-60, 241, 250-264, 282-285, 294, 386, 469, Landon, Ox.ford University Press-Humphrey Milford, 1927.

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BROWNE, J. Ross, Yusef or the Journey of the Frangi: A Crusade in the East, s. 153-155 [Galata], New York, Harper and Brothers,

1853.

BRUGSCH, Heinrich, Reise der K. Preussischen Gesandtsschaft nach Persien 1860 und 1861, 2 C., C. L s. 13 [Galata], Leipzig, J.

C. Hinrichs'sche, 1862.

BRUYN, Comeille Le, Voyage au Levant (c'est-a-dire, dans les Principaux Eı;tdroits de L'Asie Mineure, dans le Isles ... ), s. 391- 392, Paris, Jean-Baptiste-Claude Bauche, 1725.

BUCKHAM, George, Notes from the Journal of a Tourist, 2 C., C. I, s. 250-251 [Kahire], New York, Gavin Houston, 1890.

BUCKINGHAM, J. S., Travels among the Arab Tribes (Inhabiting the Countries East of Syria and Palestine ... ), s. 310 [Şam],

Landon, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1825.

BURCKHARDT, John Lewis, Travels in Syria ani:ı Holy Land, s. 218

[Trablusşam], Landon, The Association for Promoting the Discovery of the hıterior Parts of Africa, 1822 ..

BURGESS, Richard, Greece and the Levant (or Diary ofa Summer's Excursion in 1834 with Epistolary Supplements), 2 C., C. I, s. 222- 223 [Galata], Landon, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman, 1835.

BUSSIERRE, Th. Renouard de, Lettres sur L'Orient Ecrites Pendant les Annees 1827 et 1828, 2 C., C. I, s. 78-81 [Galata], Paris, Chez F. G. Levrault, 1829.

BUTTERWORTH, Hezekiah, Zigzag Journey in the Orient (The -Adriatic to the Baltic), s. 183-184 [Galata], Bostan, Estes and

Lauriat, 1881.

CARLSON, John Ray, Cairo to Damascus, s. 381-382 [Şam ve Ha- lep], New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1951.

CARNE, John, Letters from the East (Written During a Recent Taur Through Turkey, Egypt, Arabia, the Holy Land, Syria and Greece, 2 C., C. I, s. 27-28 [Galata], Landon, Henry Colburn, 1826.

CARNE, John, Syria, The Holy Land, Asia Minor, 2 C., C. I, s. 22

[Trablusşam], Landon, Paris and America, Fisher, Son and Co, [1839-1840].

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CASTELLAN, A. L., Lettres Sur la Moree (L'Hellespont et Constantinople), 2 C., C. il, 2. B., s. 78 [Galata], Paris, Chez A.

Nepveu, 1820.

CHANDLER, R., Travels in Asia Minor and Greece, 2 C., C. I, 3. B., s. 309 [Manisa], London, Joseph Booker and R. Priestley, 1817.

CHANTAL, J. B. J. de, Beautes de L'Hist~ire des Voyages les Plus Fameux Autour du Monde, 2 C., C. il, s. 180-183 [Galata], Paris, Fruger et Brunet, 1836.

CHARMES, Gabriel, Five Months at Cairo and in Lower Egypt, s.

170-172 [Kahire], London, Bentley, 1883.

CHOISEUL-GOUFFIER, Le Comte de, Voyage

a

Constantinople (Fait

a

L'Occasion de L'Ambassade de M. Le Comte de Choiseul- Gouffier

a

la Porte Ottomane), Haz:1flayan: Guillaume Martin, s.

186-190 [Galata], Paris, Fn. Plee, 1821.

CHOISEUL-GOUFFIER, Le Comte de, Voyage Pittoresque dans L'Empire Ottoman, en Grece, dans la Troade (les Iles de L'Archipel et sur les Cotes de L'Asie-Mineure), 4 C., C. N, s.

184,Paris,J.P.Aillaud, 1842.

CHRISTMAS, Henry, The Sultan ofTurkey, Abdul Medjid Khan: A Brief Memoir of His Life and Reign (With Notices of the Country, its Army, Navy and Present Prospects), s. 117 [Galata], London, John Farquhar Shaw, 1854.

CLARIDGE, R. T., A Guide Along the Danube (from Vienna to Constantinople, Smyma, Athens, the Morea, the Ionian Islands and Yenice from the Notes ofa Joumey Made in the Year 1836), s.

139-140 [Galata], London, F. C. Westley, 1837.

CLARKE, Edward Daniel, Travels in V arious Countries of Europe, Asia and Africa, 8 C., C. ill, s. 50-54 [Galata], London, T. Cadell and W. Davies Printing, 1818.

[CLER, Jean-Joseph-Gustave], Souvenirs d'un Officier du Deuxieme de Zouaves, 2. B., s. 106 [Silivri], Paris, Michel Levy Freres, 1859.

COBB, Stanwood, The Real Turk, s. 215-216, 254-256 [Galata], Bos- ton, New York, Chicago, The Pilgrim Press, 1914.

COLBECK, Alfred, A Summer's Cruise in the Waters of Greece, Turkey and Russia, s. 217 [Galata], London, T. Fisher Unwin, 1887.

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COMPAGNONI, [Guiseppe], Storia Dell'Iınpero Ottomano, s. 2091- 2160, Livorno, Glauco Masi, 1829.

COPPING, Arthur E., A Journalist in the Holy Land (Glimpses of Egypt and Palestine), s. 34 [Kahire], New York, Chicago, Toronto, Fleming H. Revell, 1912.

CORNILLE, Henri, Souvenirs D'Orient, 2. B., s. 44-46 [Galata], Pa- ris, Arthus Bertrand, 1836.

COUFOPOULOS, Demetrius, A Guide to Constantinople, 4. B., s.

49-50 [Galata], 50 [Bah~ye], 139 [Yenikapı], London, Adam and Charles Black, 191 O.

COUSINERY, E. M., Voyage dans la Macedoine (Contenant des Recherches sur L'Histoire, la Geographie et ·les Antiquites), 2 C., C. 1, s. 140 [Selanik], Paris, lmprimerie Royale, 1831.

COX, Samuel S., A Buckeye Abroad (or Wanderings in Europe and in the Orient), s. 252, New York, George P. Putnam, 1852.

COX, Samuel S., Diversions ofa Diplomat in Turkey, s. 227, 387, New York, Charles L. Webster and Co, 1893.

COX, Samuel S., Orient Sunbeams (or from the Porte to the Pyrarnids by Way of Palestine), s. 100 [Galata], New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1882.

CROWE, Eyre Evans, The Greek and the Turk (or Powers and Prospects in the Levant), s. 312-316 [Galata], London, Richard Bentley, 1853.

CURTIS, William Eleroy, Around the Black Sea, Asia Minor, Armenia, Caucasus, Circassia, Daghestan, The Crimea, - Roumania, s. 173, New York, Hodder and Stoughton, 1911.

CUTTS, E. L., Christians under the Crescent in Asia, s. 336-338 [Galata], Landon, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, [1877].

D' AUBIGNOSC, L. P. B., La Turquie Nouvelle (Jugee au Point ou L'Ont Amenee les Reformes du Sultan Mahmoud), 2 C., C. 1, s.

201-206 [Galata], Paris, La Librairie de Delloye, 1839.

DAMER, G. L. Dawson, Diary ofa Tour in Greece, Turkey, Egypt and The Holy Land, 2 C., C. 1, s. 93-94 [Galata], London, Henry Colburn, 1841.

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DAVID, Jules A., Lucien Spalma, 2 C., C. 1, s. 311-317 [Galata], Bruxelles, J. P. Meline, 1835.

DELAROIBRE, M., Voyage en Orient, s. 257-258 [Galata], Paris, Debecourt, 1836.

DODGE, Robert, Diary, Sketches and Reviews (During an European Tour in the Year 1847), s. 178 [Galata]:New York, [Dostları ^için kendisi tarafından bastınlmıştır], 1850.

DONISTHORPE, Wordsworth, Down the Streaın of Civilization, s.

115-119 [Kahire], London, George Newnes, 1898.

DUCKETT, W. A., La Turquie Pittoresque' (.Histoire, Moeurs, Description), s. 215-216 [Galata], Paris, Victor Lecou, 1855.

DURBİN, John, Observations in the East (Chiefly in Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Asia Minor), 2 C., C. il, s. 228 and 231-232 [Galata], New York, Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1845.

EAMES, Jane Anthony, The Budget Closed, s. 37 [Galata], Boston, Ticknor and Fields, 1860.

EDDY, Daniel C., [CLARKE, Daniel], Walter's Tour in the East, s.

107 [Rüffil tekkesine misafir olan mevleviler], 138 [Kasımpaşa],

New York, Sheldon and Company, 1864.

EGMONT, Van ve HEYMAN, John, Travels through Part of Europe, Asia Minor, the Islands of the Archipelago, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mount Sinai ete., Hollandacadan İngilizceye tercüme eden bilinmiyor, 2 C., C. il, s. 351-354 [Halep], London, L. Davis and C. Reymers, 1759.

EINSTEIN, Lewis, inside Constantinople (A Diplomatist' s Diary During the Dardanelles Expedition April-September 1915), s. 100-

101 [Galata], London, John Murray, 1917.

ELIOT, Charles, Turkey in Europe, Yeni B., s. 182-186 [Kahire], London, Edward Arnold, 1908.

ELLIOTT, C. B., Travels in the Three Great Empires of Austria, Russia and Turkey, 2 C., C. I, s. 402-403 [Galata], London, Richard Bentley, 1838.

ELLISON, Grace, An Englishwoman in a Turkish Harem, s. 132-133 [Galata], London, Methuen and Co., 1915.

ENAULT, Louis, Constantinople et la Turquie (Tableau Historique, Pittoresque, Statistique et Moral de L'Empire Ottoman), s. 447-448 [Galata], Paris, L. Hachette, 1855.

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Batılı Seyahamamelerin Bibliyografyası

EVERHART, James B., Miscellanies, s. 208-209 [Galata], West Chester, Edward F. James, 1862.

FARLEY, J. Lewis, -Egypt, Cyprus and Asiatic Turkey, s. 190, London, Trübner and Co., 1878.

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