複方五味子芝麻萃取物對於四氯化碳誘導大白鼠
本研究針對五味子（ schizandra ）及芝麻（ sesame ），探討其萃取物對四氯化碳（ CCl 4 ）誘導肝損傷之大白鼠肝功能、抗氧化狀態及脂質代謝的影響。將六週齡大的雄性 SD 大白鼠分成五組，每組十隻，包括 A 組 : 正常飲食組、 B 組 : CCl4 處理組、 C 組 : CCl4 處理組，並餵食 7.5mg/kg/day 之 silymarin 、 D 組 : CCl4 處理組，並餵食低劑量之複方五 味子芝麻萃取物（ 43mg/kg/day ）及 E 組 : CCl4 處理組，並餵食高劑量複方五味子芝麻萃 取物（ 215mg/kg/day ）。 B 、 C 、 D 及 E 組皮下注射 0.75mL/kg 之四氯化碳（ 40% 四 氯化碳 / 橄欖油 , v/v ），每星期一次， A 組則以等量之橄欖油代替。實驗為期八週。結 果顯示，八週後 B 組血漿中 AST 及 ALT 的活性顯著高於 A 組，而 C 、 D 及 E 組之 AST 及 ALT 活性與 B 組比較之下，顯著降低。抗氧化能力方面，各組紅血球中之抗氧化酵素 活性皆沒有顯著差異。但是， B 組之肝臟中 glutathione peroxidase （ GPX ）的活性顯著 低於 A 組，而 D 組及 E 組之肝臟 GPX 活性顯著高於 B 組。肝臟中 glutathione reductase
（ GRD ）的活性在各組中皆沒有顯著差異。另外， B 組肝臟中 superoxidase dismutase
（ SOD ）的活性和 A 組沒有顯著差異，但 D 組及 E 組 SOD 的活性卻顯著高於 B 組。肝 臟 catalase （ CAT ）活性方面， B 組和 A 組沒有顯著差異，但 D 組的活性卻顯著低於 B 組。相較於 B 組， D 組能夠顯著提高紅血球中 glutathione （ GSH ）濃度，而 C 、 D 及 E 組皆較 B 組顯著提高肝臟中 GSH 的濃度。另外， C 組及 E 組與 B 組比較之下能夠顯著 降低血漿中脂質過氧化物 malondialdehyde （ MDA ）濃度。在脂質代謝方面， C 、 D 及 E 組在實驗末能夠顯著降低血漿及肝臟中總膽固醇濃度，並且顯著增加血漿中高密度脂蛋 白膽固醇（ HDL-C ）濃度。肝臟病理切片報告則指出， B 、 C 、 D 及 E 各組雖然在肝 臟纖維化方面沒有顯著差異，但是 D 組及 E 組卻能顯著改善膽管增生及發炎反應的情形。
綜合以上結果可以推測，複方五味子芝麻萃取物在 CCl4 誘導肝臟損傷的模式下，可以藉 由改善大白鼠之抗氧化狀態以及脂質代謝的作用以達到保護肝臟的功能。
Effects of schizandra and sesame extract mixture on CCl4- induced liver injury in rats
In this study, we examined the effects of schizandra and sesame extract mixture on carbon tetrachloride-in duced liver injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats aged 6 weeks were assigned to five groups: A(control group), B(CCl4 injection), C(CCl4 injection combined with the supplementation of silymarin, 7.5mg/kg/da y), D(CCl4 injection combined with the supplementation of schizandra and sesame extract mixture, 43 mg/
kg/day) and E(CCl4 injection combined with the supplementation of schizandra and sesame extract mixtur e, 215 mg/kg/day). Rats in group B, C, D and E were subcutaneously injected with 0.75ml/kg of 40% CCl4 dissolved in olive oil once a week, while rats in group A were injected with olive oil only. The experimenta l period was 8 weeks. The results indicated that rats in group C, D and E showed a significantly lower plas ma AST and ALT activities than those of rats in group B (p<0.05) after eight weeks. Glutathione reductase (GRD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in erythro cytes showed no difference among all groups. However, hepatic SOD and GPX activities in group D and E were significantly increased than those of group B(p<0.05). Hepatic GRD activities showed no difference a mong all groups, and hepatic CAT activities in group D showed significantly higher than those of group B.
In addition, the reduced glutathione(GSH) concentration of erythrocytes in group D showed significantly h igher by 25% than that of group B(p<0.05). Compared to group B, the MDA(malondialdehyde) concentrati on of erythrocytes in group C and E were significantly deceased by 42% and 25% respectively(p<0.05). Th e hepatic GSH concentrations in group C, D and E showed significantly increased by 48%, 45% and 53% r espectively than those of group B(p<0.05). There was no difference in hepatic MDA concentrations in each group. In addition, groups C, D and E showed the significantly lower total cholesterol concentration than g roup B in plasma and liver. Rats in group C, D and E showed the significantly high HDL-C concentration i n plasma than rats in group B. These results suggest the schizandra and sesame extract mixture showed the hepatoprotective effects by means of improving the antioxdative capacity and lipid metabolism, when rats were under CCl4-induced oxidative stress.
