Cost of biodiesel (%)
•
Raw material 84
•
Chemicals 7
•
Water-electricty 4
•
Fixed Expenses 5
Vegetable oils Microabial oils
Feedstock is very important in biofuel production
Biofuels are classified in four groups according to the raw material used;
First generation
Second
Third
Fourth
First generation biofuels:
They are the fuels which are obtained from agricultural production as raw materials and which can be used for food purposes.
Second generation biofuels:
They are not used as food and are obtained from lignocellulosic biomass such as agricultural and forestry waste.
Third generation biofuels:
In fact, they are the fuels obtained from CO2 via photosynthetic microorganisms Fourth generation biofuels:
Fuels obtained from, genetically modified raw materials or microorganisms.
Because of the petroleum based fuels are readily available and cheaper, the development of biodiesel and ethanol affected negatively.
But today, the energy crisis that threatens
the world and the environmental problems
caused by the use of petroleum fuel
accelerated the development of these
biofuels.
1893, Rudolf Diesel, designed engine that uses vegetable oils as fuel
Peanut oil was used as fuel (1900, World
Fair, Paris)
The second important step in the development of biodiesel was taken by the Belgian scientist G.
Chavenne (University of Brussels)
Transesterification method of vegetable oils has been developed to obtain biodiesel.
1937,“conversion patent for the usage of vegetable oils as fuels
However, due to the cost disadvantage, biodiesel
could not advance until the end of the 1980s.
In the 1990s, due to the Gulf War and rising oil prices, alternative energy sources gained attention again esp.
biodiesel
In the 1990s, especially Germany and France pioneered this
issue.
In the 2000s, both rising oil prices and environmental
sensitivities, as well as strategies for the development of people engaged in agriculture, triggered the growth of the biodiesel sector.
Nasıl telaffuz edildiğini öğrenin
In the 2000s, both rising oil prices and environmental sensitivities, as well as strategies for the development of people engaged in agriculture, triggered the growth of the biodiesel sector.
The idea of using bioethanol as fuel in automobile engines was put forward by Henry Ford in the USA.
In 1908, fuel was used in the Model T vehicle.
Brazil and the United States have bioethanol use strategies prepeared in the 1970s.
Tax reductions, incentive and support mechanisms, etc.
