HEPARINUM, HEPARİN

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MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES

•  Mucopolysaccarides are long chains of sugar molecules. They are called

glycosaminoglycans or glucosamine containing polysaccharides.

•  Algae, mushroms and kitins are the

mucopolysaccharides occuring from N- asetilglucosamines.

•  PİROJENs are also polysaccharides carrying of the metabolic products of some bacteries.

Prof. Dr. Gülçin Saltan İşcan 1

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MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES

A gel like substance found in;

•  Body cells

•  Mucous secretions

•  Synovial fluids

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Glycosaminoglycans

Involved in a variety of extracellular functions; chondroitin is found in tendons, cartilage and other connective tissues

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Glycosaminoglycans

A characteristic of glycosaminoglycans is the presence of acidic functionalities (carboxylate and/or sulfates)

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HEPARİN: GLUCOSAMİNE +GLUCURONIC ACID

• Found in liver, lung, gut, arters as sodium salt.

• 100 g liver contain --- 7,5 mg HEPARİNE

• Isolation:Heparine obtain from the lungs of beef

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HEPARINUM, HEPARİN

•  Lungs of beef + water --- 6 h macerate

•  %2 NaOH +%3,6 (NH4)₂SO₄added---waited in 50⁰C’ for 1 hour

•  Temperature increases 70⁰C and filtered süzülür

•  Filtrate+diluted H₂SO₄ … pH 2,5----raw HEPARİN precipitate

•  Filtered and washed---remove fats

•  Mixture with absolute EtOH

•  Heparine purified

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HEPARINUM (TF), HEPARİN

•  Dissolve in alkali solution, adjust to PH 5 with acetic acid and cadmium

•  Filtrate+acetone--- HEPARİN precipitate

•  HEPARİN grey coloured hygroscopic powder

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HEPARINUM, HEPARİN

•  Assay: activity measured compairing reference

•  Activity of 0.0077 mg referance substance =1 IU

•  Measuring the coagulation of sheep plasma

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HEPARINUM, HEPARİN

•  coagulation:

•  1st phase: occurence of activated TROMBOPLASTİNE

•  2 st phase: TROMBİN occurence from

PROTROMBİNEwith the effect of tromboplastine)

•  3 nd phase: FIBRINE occurence from FİBRİNOGEN with the aid of TROMBİN and Ca ⁺⁺

•  4 th phase: LYSIS of FIBRINE with the aid of fibrinolizine

•  Heparin blockes the coagulation in the 2nd phase

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HEPARINUM, HEPARİN

•  The most important mucopolysaccharides using pharmacetic industry.

•  Structure: protein linked mucopolysaccharide metabolism partially in the liver by heparinase to

uroheparin, which has only slight antithrombin activity.

20-50 % is excreted unchanged.

•  The heparin polysaccharide chain is degraded in the gastric acid administered IV or SC.

•  Heparin should not be given IM danger of hematoma formation.

•  Heparine is also used in arteriosclerosis

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HEPARINUM (TF), HEPARİN

•  PHARMACEUTICS OF HEPARINE

•  CALCIPARIN

•  LIQUEMINE

•  FRAGMİNE

•  CLEXANA

•  FRAXIPARINE

•  FLUXUM

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HYALURONIC ACID

•  Hyaluronic acid is a mucopolysaccharide which is present in animal tissues.

•  It further holds cells together in a jellylike matrix and serves as a lubricant and

shock-absorber in joints.

N-acetylglucosamine+D-glucuronic acid

• 

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HYALURONIC ACID/Sodium hyaluronate

•  several products are used in the

management of osteoarthritis symptoms

– Hyalagan and Synvisc

•  others are used as ophthalmic surgical

adjuncts in cataract extractions, intraocular lens implantation, corneal transplant and retinal attachment surgery (Healon,

Amvisc, AMO Vitrax)

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Hyaluronate:

material used to cement the cells into a tissue

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Hyaluronic acid derivatives

•  several products are used in the

management of osteoarthritis symptoms

– Hyalagan and Synvisc

•  others are used as ophthalmic surgical

adjuncts in cataract extractions, intraocular lens implantation, corneal transplant and retinal attachment surgery (Healon,

Amvisc, AMO Vitrax)

•  HYALGİN---Ester of hyaluronic acid+Ca alginate

•  JALOSKİN---Ester of hyaluronic acid