Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis, is a localized (pulmonary) or systemic disease characterized by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus in humans and animals.
is a localized (pulmonary) or systemic disease characterized by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus, in humans and animals.
•
• Dogs and pets are the most sensitive animals.
• Histoplasma capsulatum, is mycelial form when incubated at 22 - 25 ˚C; When cultivated at 37 ˚C, it grows in yeast-like form.
•
• The colonies produced at 25 C in Sabouraud dextrose agar are preceded by white-pink, then brown, forming aerial mycelium like cotton.
• In pathological materials, especially candelabra dyed preparations, small, oval, yeast, mononuclear, and sometimes polymorphonuclear cells are affected.
• In cultures made from pathological materials, white and aerial hyphae (Type-A) and other brown colored (Type-B) colonies are formed.
Epidemiology
• H. Capsulatum, exists in saprophytic form to soil. The presence of poultry feces in contaminated areas and in the perches has a good development environment.
•
• There is no animal or animal contamination. Individuals taking active sports are infected at the end.
• It has been reported that the root of the chickens is isolated.
• The environments in which the wounds occur are reservoirs for humans and animals.
• This disease is more common in specially trained dogs for hunting trails (crawling, digging). Apart from this, there are similar rates in cats, pigs and sheep.
• The agent is localized in some regions and produces endemic disease.
Clinical Symptoms
• Infection is difficult to diagnose because of a latent and chronic course in animals. Some of the symptoms that arise are not specific enough to describe the disease.
Laboratory Results
• Microscopy: Dyeed and unpainted preparations prepared from animal materials are found in yeast form. Mononuclear and sometimes polymorphonuclear structures are found in preparations prepared from blood, bone marrow and lymph nodules.
• Culture : Antibiotic SDA is removed from the receiving material by incubation at 25 °C and 2 °C for 2 weeks at 37 °C. Micro and macro morphologies of breeding colonies are examined. When necessary, the yeast form is re-sown to allow for conversion to a mycelial form.
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis, is a chronic, noncommunicable disease that is usually localized to the respiratory system in humans and animals.
• The agent has a dimorphic character, it is Coccidioides immitis.
• C.immitis, is very resistant to drying. It can protect its vitality for long periods on environmental conditions
• It develops easily in antibiotic SDA medium and at 25° C in 3-
5 days.
Epidemiology
• C.immitis and effective spores are more common in the soil
• In dry and windy weather, spores that are involved in the air are removed by the breathing air and become localized to the lungs.
• There is no animal or animal contamination.
• The possibility of infection from the portents in the vicinity is very rare and no digestive system infections have been found.
• Infection is mostly dog, cattle, horse, cat, pig and sheep.
Clinical Symptoms
• Many of the C.immitis infections are often overlooked because they are seen in latent or subclinical forms
• It is almost impossible to diagnose precisely without laboratory analysis even in the case of clinical trials.
• The most obvious symptom is cough, which is similar to tuberculosis and other pulmonary infections.
