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小鼠介白素 15 受體 alpha 次單元基因起動子之分析

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小鼠介白素 15 受體 alpha 次單元基因起動子之分析

介白素 -15 ( Interleukin-15 , IL-15 ) 在 1994 年被發現,雖然其胺基酸序列與介白素 -2 ( IL-2 ) 無顯著的相似性,但在結構上同屬 4 -helix bundle 的細胞激素,與 IL-2 皆能支 持淋巴細胞的生長與功能,但在體外實驗中, IL-15 所用需的劑量往往比 IL-2 高。 IL- 15 與 IL-2 不同的功能也陸續被發現,如對胸腺中 progenitor 細胞分化的影響,及對 腸壁表皮細胞間隙的 T 細胞,尤其是 CD8aa+ 亞群的死亡與存活的效應等。這些現像 顯示 IL-15 與 IL-2 以不同的機制來影響某些細胞的生理功能。

IL-15 與 IL-2 的受體都是由三個次單元組成,其中 beta 及 gamma 次單元是相同的,

而各有自己的 alpha 次單元。研究指出, IL-15 與 IL-2 經由 beta 、 gamma 次單 元的訊息傳遞支持 T 細胞的生長,此功能與 alpha 次單元無關。對於 IL-15 與 IL-2 不 同的功能,則顯示此二細胞激素可能經由其受體,傳導不同之訊息而造成。因為此二受 體使用不同的 alpha 次單元,因此 alpha 次單元可能是造成其訊息傳導不同的原因。 I L-2 受體的 alpha 次單元( IL-2Ra )並不參與訊息傳遞,因為其位於細胞內的安基酸 鏈太短; IL-15 受體的 alpha 次單元( IL-15Ra )在細胞內雖只有 37 個胺基酸,仍可 能具有傳遞訊息的功能。所以我們希望針對 IL-15 Ra 的表達作初步的研究。最終的目 的是希望能暸解 IL-15 Ra 表現的調控,以進一步認識 IL-15 及其受體在細胞生理上 所扮演的角色。

本論文針對 IL-15Ra gene ATG 之前的一段約 2.41kb 的 DNA 序列進行分析,利用 Lu ciferase reporter 在 Ba/F3 細胞上作一系列的 in vivo promoter assay ,尋找 IL-15Ra 的 啟動子。分析結果顯示在最靠近 ATG 的一段 0.4kb 的序列中可能含有啟動子,在 0.4kb 5 端的 0.7kb 序列中則可能含有抑制子,而 0.7kb 5 端的 1.1kb 則可能與 IL-15Ra 基因在 晚期的表現有關。

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Analysis of Mouse Interleukin-15 Receptor Alpha Chain Promoter

Interleukin-15 ( IL-15 ) is a T cell growth factor identified in 1994. In spite of lacking sequenc e homology between IL-15 and IL-2, both cytokine are members of the four-helix bundle cyto kine family, which supports lymphocyte growth. Differences in function of IL-15 and IL-2 ha ve also been found. In contrast to IL-2, IL-15 drives the differentiation of thymic progenitors t oward NK and gd T cells. IL-15 is also a survival factor for resting and activated CD8aa+ inte stinal intra epithelial lymphocyte. These observations suggest that IL-15 and IL-2 use different mechanisms to affect cell physiology.

The receptor of IL-15 and IL-2 consist of three subunits, including the shared b and g subunits and the unique a subunit. Previous studies on IL-2R clearly demonstrated that b and g subunits mediate signal transduction. The different function between IL-15 and IL-2 may result from th e different receptor a subunits. IL-2 receptor a subunit has a very short intracytoplasmic tail, w hich can not transduces signal. Whereas the IL-15Ra has signal transduction function although its intracellular domain is only 37 a.a. long.

In this study, I analyzed the promoter activity of a 2.41kb fragment immediately 5’ of ATG of the IL-15Ra gene. Using luciferase reporter system in BaF3 cells, the most 3’ 0.4kb fragment i s the candidate promoter region, while the next 5’ 0.7kb fragment may contain repressor, and t he 5’ 1.1kb before 0.7kb may relate to IL-15Ra expression at late stage. The information gener ated from these studies lead to future study in the control of IL-15Ra expression.

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