• Sonuç bulunamadı

SONLU ELEMANLAR ANALİZİ İLE ÇEKME KEPÇELİ YERKAZARIN KEPÇESİ ÜZERİNDEKİ GERİLMELERİN İNCELENMESİ

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "SONLU ELEMANLAR ANALİZİ İLE ÇEKME KEPÇELİ YERKAZARIN KEPÇESİ ÜZERİNDEKİ GERİLMELERİN İNCELENMESİ"

Copied!
7
0
0

Yükleniyor.... (view fulltext now)

Tam metin

(1)

3

!"#$%&'&()*+&',*-.)*/!01*2)*/!03!*245)*60'7'*8.99 :;'<-.)*=;<2)*>>*245)*/#>,#?@#A*8.99

!"#$%&'#()*'#(%'+#,%-.#()/0#123453#647'+#89:'#;.3'#8.&24#89:'#<=>'+#?@A?B?#4&2C5%2>DC2-0'2&0'-% !!"#?%.E'#F=%'+#,%-.#()/0#123453#647'+#89:'#;.3'#8.&24#89:'#<=>'+#?@A?B?

!"#$% &#&'("#()% ("(#*+*% *#&% ,&-'&% -&.,&#*% /&)-(+()0"% -&.,& *% 1+&)*"2&-*% 3&)*#'&#&)*"%*"4&#&"'& * 56788%298569:;59<=%0=>7859?@59<=%<=%@%26@?A9=7%B;CD75%$89=?%E9=957%&A7F7=5%(=@AG898 B#'&C*DA#%#&E#"F*8-* !01G*D !0F*8.99H*I!@J'*D!%%#>,#"F*8K*L!M&A!$*DNJ$#F*8.99 @0%.G#(H8IBHJ *) ,40%#FKJ<?LM !!" H+&I

N23C2# 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%>.%Q4# 9%2-324>53>2%5# 32O*2454# 3.G.# R5%5C5G>2# 2-35>2E5C5# 5>2# &)/%0&.4# 5>54-5>5&5%'## <0# 2-35>2E5C# SQ%.SQ4&.# 3.G.# R5%5C5454# T=S-2%&5/5# &5%24U2# R./>Q# )>.%.3# 32O*2&2# G93S23# T2%5>C2>2%# )>0EC.3-.&Q%'# <0# T2%5>C2>2%54# 3.G.*# =P2>>53>2%542# T=%2# &2/5E5C545# T=P>2C>2C23# 72# T2%5>C2>2%54# G)/04# )>&0/0# 32O*2# R5>2E24>2%545# -2SO5-# 2-C23+# 32O*2454# &.:.# 2-354# R5%# E235>&2# G2%# 5>2# 2-35>2E5C5454# S./>.4C.SQ#72#R.3QCV)4.%QC#C.>5G2->2%5454#.P.>-Q>C.SQ#5*54#)>&03*.#=42C>5&5%'##<0#*.>QEC.4Q4#.C.UQ# *23C2#32O*2>5#G2%3.P.%Q4#32O*2S54&2#)>0E.4#T2%5>C2#&./Q>QCQ4Q4#54U2>24C2S5+#R0#T2%5>C2>2%54#W.%3>Q# 3.G.#R5%5C5#=P2>>53>2%5#5*54#T=S-2%&5/5#&2/5E5C54#T=P>24C2S5#72#32O*2#9P2%54&2#T2%5>C2>2%54#24#G)/04# )>&0/0# 4)3-.>.%Q4# -2SO5-# 2&5>C2S5&5%'# # <0# *.>QEC.&.# :2&2X2%2# 0>.EC.3# 5*54# 5P>2424# G)># SQ%.SQG>.Y# 5"# *23C2# 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%# 32O*2S5454# 9*# R)G0->0# 3.-Q# C)&2>5454# )>0E-0%0>C.SQ+# 55"# 32O*2V3.G.# R5%5C5# 2-35>2E5C# 72# 30772-# C)&2>5454# T2>5E-5%5>C2S5+# 555"# S)4>0# 2>2C.4>.%# .4.>5P5# 30>>.4.%.3# 32O*2# 9P2%54&2# )>0E.4#T2%5>C2>2%54#72#E235>#&2/5E53>53>2%5454#54U2>24C2S5+# 57"#T2%5>C2#72#3.G.#R5%5C5#=P2>>53>2%5#.%.SQ4&.# :.SS.S5G2-# .4.>5P5# 72# 7"# S)40*>.%Q4# &2/2%>24&5%5>C2S5&5%'# N.>QEC.# S)40*>.%Q# 24# G)/04# T2%5>C2>2%54# *23C2#:.>.-Q4Q4#32O*2#5>2#R5%>2E-5/5#R./>.4-Q#4)3-.>.%Q#72#32O*2454#&5E>2%54&2#)>0E-0/040#72#P2C5454# SQ3Q>Q/Q#.%--Q3*.#E235>#&2/5E53>53>2%5454#.%--Q/Q4Q#T=S-2%C5E-5%'##?G%QU.#:.SS.S5G2-#.4.>5P5+#32O*2#9P2%54&235# T2%5>C2>2%54#24#W.P>.#:.SS.S5G2-#T=S-2%&5/5#3.G.#R5%5C5#=P2>>5/5454#5*S2>#S9%-94C2#.*QSQ#)>&0/040#72#24# .P#:.SS.S5G2-#T=S-2%&5/5#3.G.#R5%5C5#=P2>>5/5454#&2#G)/04>03#)>&0/040#T=S-2%C5E-5%' (=@J5@6% KLCMDA76N%N23C2#A2O*2>5#$2%3.P.%#A2O*2S5+#Z.>.-V[54U5%#823.45PC.SQ+#F2%5>C2#<24P2-5C5+# <5>T5S.G.%#(2S-23>5#N5P5C+#\)4>0#H>2C.4>.%#?4.>5P5 (B I)(4I (%.T>542#O%)&0U-575-G#5S#U>)S2>G#%2>.-2&#-)#2WW2U-572#R0U32-VW)%C.-5)4#54-2%.U-5)4'##(0%54T#-:5S#54-2%.U-5)4# S0RS-.4-5.>#S-%2SS2S#.4&#&2W)%C.-5)4S#C.G#)UU0%#)4#-:2#R0U32-#.4&#5-S#U)CO)424-S#&02#-)#-:2#2]-2%4.># W)%U2S#.4&#:2.7G#>).&S'##8)45-)%54T#-:2#&5S-%5R0-5)4#)W#-:2S2#S-%2SS2S#.4&#&2W)%C.-5)4S#.4&#&2-2%C5454T# U%5-5U.>#U)CO)424-S#)W#R0U32-#.%2#5CO)%-.4-#W)%#.U:52754T#)O-5C5P2&#R0U32-VW)%C.-5)4#54-2%.U-5)4#.4&# W)%#C545C5P54T#C.54-24.4U2#U)S-S#.4&#C.]5C5P54T#&%.T>542#O%)&0U-575-G'#8.54#)R^2U-572S#)W#-:2#S-0&G# O%2S24-2&#54#-:5S#O.O2%#.%2#-)#5472S-5T.-2#-:2#S-%2SS#&5S-%5R0-5)4#)4#-:2#&%.T>542#R0U32-+#-)#C)45-)%#-:2# U:.4T2S#54#-:2#S-%2SS#&5S-%5R0-5)4#W)%#&5WW2%24-#W)%C.-5)4#U:.%.U-2%5S-5US+#.4&#-)#&2-2%C542#-:2#U%5-5U.># O)54-S#_:2%2#-:2#:5T:2S-#S-%2SS2S#)UU0%'#1:2#%2S2.%U:#C2-:)&)>)TG#W)>>)_2&#24-.5>SY# 5"#&272>)O54T#`(# S)>5&#C)&2>#)W#-:2#&%.T>542#R0U32-+# 55"#&272>)O54T#R0U32-VW)%C.-5)4#54-2%.U-5)4#C)&2>+# 555"#5472S-5T.-54T# S-%2SS# .4&# &2W)%C.-5)4S# &5S-%5R0-5)4S# )4# -:2# &%.T>542# R0U32-+# 57"# O2%W)%C54T# S24S5-575-G# .4.>GS5S# -)# &2-2%C542# -:2# C)S-# 54X024U54T# W)%C.-5)4# O%)O2%-G# )4# -:2# S-%2SS# &5S-%5R0-5)4+# .4&# 7"# .SS2SS54T# -:2# %2S0>-S'#1:2#%2S0>-S#S:)_2&#-:.-#-:2#&%.T>542#)72%>).&54T#U)4&5-5)4S#)UU0%%2&#)4#R)--)C#2&T2#)W#-:2# R0U32-#-22-:#.4&#&%.T#:5-U:#O.%-S'##8)%2)72%+#S24S5-575-G#.4.>GS5S#S:)_2&#-:.-#S-%2SS#7.>02S#)4#-:2# R0U32-#2>2C24-S#_2%2#-:2#C)S-#S24S5-572#-)#-:2#U:.4T2S#54#54-2%4.>#W%5U-5)4#.4T>2#.4&#-:2#>2.S-#S24S5-572# -)#-:2#U:.4T2S#54#&24S5-G'# -7GO<6P8N%(%.T>542#<0U32-+#B5TT54T#82U:.45SC+#\-%2SS#\5C0>.-5)4+#a)CO0-2%#?5&2&#(2S5T4# a?("+# ;545-2#H>2C24-#?4.>GS5S# ;H?"

(2)

b

QR%3*)*S N23C2V32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%>.%# .*Q3# )U.3# 3=C9%# C.&24>2%54&2# =%-93.PQ# 5E>2C54&2# SQ3>Q3>.# 30>>.4Q>.4+# G93S23# G.-Q%QC# C.>5G2-5# T2%23-5%24# R9G93#3.O.S5-2>5#C.354.>.%&Q%# L235>#c"'##$.-Q%QC# C.>5G2-5# cdd# C5>G)4# ?<(# &)>.%Q# R0>.4# *23C2V 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%>.%Q4# O2%W)%C.4SQ4Q4# G.45# 9%2-324>5/5454# 72# 72%5C>5>5/5454# .P.C5# &9P2G&2# )>C.SQ#C.&24#5E>2-C2U5>5/5454#R.E.%QSQ#72#3.%>Q>Q/Q# .*QSQ4&.4#*)3#R9G93#=42C#-.EQC.3-.&Q%'

L235># c'# 8.%5)4# edfd# C)&2># *23C2# 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%'

F949C9P&2#32O*2#3.O.S5-2S5#G.3>.EQ3#`c#5>.#ccd# C3#.%.SQ4&.+#G.E>.%Q#R5%#5>.#`c#.%.SQ4&.#&2/5E24# ?70S-%.>G.g&.#he#.&2-+#F942G#?W%53.g&.#if#.&2-+# A.4.&.g&.# ii# .&2-+# Z54&5S-.4g&.# cj# .&2-+# 72# <%2P5>G.+#a)>)CR5.+#823S53.+#I4T5>-2%2+#[.CR5.+# [5CR.R_2g&2# -)O>.C# S235P# .&2-# *23C2V32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%# W..>5G2-# T=S-2%C23-2&5%# \:.%%)U3# 7&+# ckkfl# F5>2_5UP+# iddd"'# # 6>32C5P&2# 5S2# 19%35G2# A=C9%# IE>2-C2>2%5# 1AI"# R94G2S54&235# C92SS2S2>2%&2# S235P# .&2-+# =P2># S23-=%&2# R5%# .&2-#)>C.3#9P2%2#*23C2#32O*2>5#G2%3.P.%#S.GQSQ# &)30P&0%# m.%>.3+#ckef"'##

N23C2# 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%>.%# &)/%0# 30>>.4Q>&Q3>.%Q4&.#72#24#0GT04#)O2%.SG)4#E.%->.%Q# S./>.4&Q/Q4&.# 9%2-324>53# .*QSQ4&.4# &5/2%# G2%# 3.P.%>.%>.# 3QG.S>.4&Q/Q4&.# )>&03*.# .7.4-.^>Q&Q%'## A2O*2# 3.O.S5-2S5# ccd# C3g9# T2*24+# &=3C2# G.%Q*.OQ#cdd#CgG5#R0>.4#R0#G2%3.P.%>.%#)%-.>.C.# hd#S.45G2&2#G.3>.EQ3#cdd#-)4>03#C.>P2C2G5#cdd# C# 0P./.# R.E3.# R5%# 4.3>5G2# R5%5C5# 30>>.4C.&.4# &=32R5>C23-2&5%>2%# (2C5%2>+# iddh"'# # <0# &=4T9# SQ%.SQ4&.# 3.PQ# O2%W)%C.4SQ4Q# 72# C.354.4Q4# 0P04# &=42C&2# 2-35>5# 30>>.4QC# )%.4Q4Q# 2-35>2G24# 24# =42C>5# W.3-=%>2%# 32O*2454# 3.G.# R5%5C5# 5>2# 2-35>2E5C5# 72# R0# 2-35>2E5C# SQ%.SQ4&.# 32O*2# 9P2%54&2# C2G&.4.# T2>24# T2%5>C2>2%&5%'# A2O*2#

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g<%524# 72# J0C>2G# ckkj"# 32O*2# 9%2-324>5/545# .%.E-Q%CQE# 72# 32O*2G5# :.%232-# 2--5%24# P54U5%# :.>.-# C23.45PC.SQ4Q4# &2/5EC2S5454# 32O*2# 72%5C>5>5/542# 2-35S545# 54U2>2C5E-5%'# a>2.%G# ckke"# 535# W.%3Q# *23C2# 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%# 32O*2S5454# &)>C.# 72%5C>5>53>2%545# .G%Q3# 2>2C.4>.%# G=4-2C5# 5>2# 54U2>2C5E# 72# 32O*2# 5*2%5S54&235# C.>P2C2# O.%*.>.%Q4Q4# 3542-53# 242%^5>2%5454# GQO%.4C.G.# 2-35>2%545# .4.>5P# 2-C5E-5%'# N23C2# 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%Q4#32O*2S5454#&)>0C#S9%2U5#72#R0#S9%2*-2# )%-.G.# *Q3.4# 30>>.4Q>.C.G.4# P.C.4# 1)_4S)4# 7&# iddc"# -.%.WQ4&.4# S)4>0# 2>2C.4>.%# G=4-2C5# 30>>.4Q>.%.3# 54U2>24C5E# 72# *.>QEC.# S)404&.# 32O*2# 5*54# 24# 0GT04# G93# C53-.%Q4Q# R2>5%>2G2U23# R5%# C)&2># T2>5E-5%5>C5E-5%'# # ?4U.3# R0# *.>QEC.&.# 32O*2# 9P2%54&235# T2%5>C2# &./Q>QCQ# 72# 24# 3%5-53# 4)3-.>.%# -2SO5-# 2&5>C2C5E-5%'# # N23C2# 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%Q4# =4# 2>2C.4>.%Q4&.4# R0C# 9P2%54&2# )>0E.4# T2%5>C2# 72# E235># &2/5E53>5/5# &./Q>QC>.%Q# (2C5%2># iddh"# -.%.WQ4&.4# S)4>0# 2>2C.4>.%# .4.>5P5#5>2#54U2>24C5E-5%'##<0#*.>QEC.&.#32O*2&235# ./Q%>Q3-.4# &)>.GQ# R0C.# 2-35# 2&24# 30772->2%# .4.>5P2# &.:5># 2&5>C5E# .4U.3# 32O*2# 9P2%54&2# )>0E.4# T2%5>C2>2%# 54U2>24C2C5E-5%'# a)2-P22# 7&'# iddj"# .G%Q3# 2>2C.4>.%# G=4-2C5# 30>>.4.%.3# R5%# 23S3.7.-=%94# 32O*2S54&235# G9394# &./Q>QCQ4Q# 72# 32O*2454# &5E>2%5454# G2%# 5>2# 2-35>2E5C545# .4.>5P# 2-C5E>2%&5%'#<0#*.>QEC.&.#24#G93S23#T2%5>C2>2%54# 32O*2454#&5E>2%54&2#)>0E-0/0#T=P>2C>24C5E-5%'## <0# C.3.>2454# 3)40S0# )>.4# *.>QEC.&.# *23C2# 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%# 32O*2S5# 9P2%54&2# )>0E.4# T2%5>C2# 72# E235># &2/5E53>5/5# &./Q>QCQ# W.%3>Q# 3.G.# R5%5C5# =P2>>53>2%5# 5*54# S)4>0# 2>2C.4>.%# .4.>5P5# 5>2# 54U2>24C5E#72#32O*2454#24#G)/04#T2%5>C2#.>-Q4&.# 3.>.4# 3%5-53# 4)3-.>.%Q# -2SO5-# 2&5>C5E-5%'# ?G%QU.# 32O*2#9P2%54&235#T2%5>C2#72#E235>#&2/5E53>53>2%5454# 24#W.P>.#:.4T5#3.G.#R5%5C5#=P2>>5/542#:.SS.S5G2-# T=S-2%&5/545# R2>5%>2C23# 5*54# &2# &0G.%>Q>Q3# .4.>5P5# G.OQ>CQE-Q%'

(3)

5

N=P9C# .>T)%5-C.SQ# )>.%.3# &)/%0S.># S-.-53# G.3>.EQC# S2*5>C5E-5%'# # <0# .>T)%5-C.&.+# 32O*2# 2>2C.4>.%Q4&.# )>0E.4# E235># &2/5E53>53>2%5454# 0GT0>.4.4#30772->2%>2#&)/%0S.>#5>5E35>5#)>&0/0#72# G.OQ4Q4#2>.S-53#C932CC2>#O>.S-53# Hmm"#)>&0/0# 7.%S.GQ>CQE-Q%'n

\)4>0#2>2C.4>.%#G=4-2C5#R.E>QU.#9*#.E.C.&.4# )>0EC.3-.&Q%# <2U32%+# iddb"Y# 5"# =4# 5E>2C# G.# &.# .4.>5P# 2&5>2U23# U5SC54# 9*# R)G0->0# `<"# 3.-Q# C)&2>5454# )>0E-0%0>C.SQ+# 55"# .4.>5P# 2&5>2U23# G.OQ4Q4# 39*93# R5>2E24>2%2# .G%Q>C.SQ# 72# E235># W)43S5G)40404# -.4QC>.4C.SQ+# 555"# SQ4Q%# &2/2%>2%5454#-.4QC>.4C.SQ'##N=P9C#.>T)%5-C.SQ+# )>0E-0%0>.4# C)&2>54# 0GT04# R5%# 40C2%53# *=P9C# -2345/5#30>>.4Q>.%.3#*=P9>C2S5#5>2#-.C.C>.4Q% TR%,&-'&U-&.,&#*%/&)-(+()#()2(% -&.,&U-(/(%B*)*'*%&I-*#&S*'*"*"% 1)&I-&"#*V&%&I-* *

N23C2# 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%>.%&.# 32O*2454# L235># i"# 3.G.# R5%5C5# 5>2# 2-35>2E5C5+# 32O*2454# &)>0>03# )%.4Q+#&)>C.#S9%2S5+#9%2-324>5/5#2-35>2G24#R.E>QU.# W.3-=%>2%&24&5%'##<0#2-35>2E5C#SQ%.SQ4&.#32O*2454# &5E>2%54&2# )>0E.4# 30772-# 72# R04.# R./>Q# )>.%.3# )>0E.4# T2%5>C2>2%# 32O*2&2# U5&&5# :.S.%>.%.# 72# G2%3.P.%Q4# S2%75S# &QEQ# 3.>C.SQ4.# &)>.GQSQG>.# &.# G93S23#C.>5#3.GQO>.%.#42&24#)>C.3-.&Q%'

L235>#i'#N23C2#32O*2>5#G2%3.P.%#32O*2S5' A2O*2# 0U04&.35# &5E>2%54# G2%2# S.O>.4C.SQ# 72# 32O*2454# )%-.>.C.# 3.PQ# 3)E0>>.%Q4&.# c+fVi+d# 32O*2# R)G0# C2S.W2&2# S9%93>24C2S5# G)>0G>.# &)>.%'# # <0# S9%2*-2# G2%54# 3)OC.G.# 3.%EQ# &5E>2%2# 0GT0>.&Q/Q# 30772-+# 32O*2454# &)>C.# S9%2S5+# &5E>2%&235# .EQ4C.VGQO%.4C.# 72# 9%2-324>53# .*QSQ4&.4# R9G93# %)># )G4.%'# # KP&)/.4# idd`"#

*23C2V32O*2# G2%3.P.%>.%&.# 32O*2# S.O>.4QE# 30772-5# 5>2# 32O*2# S.O>.4QE# .*QSQ+# 32O*2# ./Q%>Q/Q+# 3.PQ#R.S.C./Q#2/5C#.*QSQ#T5R5#2-324>2%#.%.SQ4&.35# 5>5E35G5# 54U2>2C5E-5%'# # $.P.%# 32O*2# S.O>.4QE# 30772-5454#32O*2454#S.O>.4C.#.*QSQ#G.45#32O*2# -.R.4Q4#G.-.G#&9P>2C>2#G.O-Q/Q#.*Q#5>2#.%--Q/Q#R0# .*Q#kdo#5324#.P.C5#&9P2G2#*Q3-Q/Q4Q#5SO.->.CQE-Q%# KP&)/.4+#idd`"'##A2O*2454#&5E>2%542#G.4SQG.4# 30772-# 5S2# 32O*2454# O)P5SG)40# 72# *23C2# :.>.-Q4Q4#G.-.G>.#G.O-Q/Q#.*Q#5>2#G.3Q4&.4#5>5E35>5&5%' WR%-&.,&"*"%1,%B!/$I#$%-(I0%'!2&#*"*"% !#$SI$)$#'( 0 A2O*2454#9*#R)G0->0# `<"#3.-Q#C)&2>5#R5>T5S.G.%# &2S-23>5# *5P5C# O%)T%.CQ# \)>5&_)%3S# \)>5&_)%3S# a)'+#iddk"#30>>.4Q>.%.3#)>0E-0%0>C0E-0%'##A2O*2G5# )>0E-0%.4# O.%*.>.%# .%3.# &07.%+# -.R.4+# G.4# &07.%+#32C2%+#*23C2#:.>.-Q#R./>.4-Q#4)3-.SQ#72# 3.>&Q%C.# :.>.-Q# R./>.4-Q# 4)3-.SQ# )>C.3# 9P2%2# R.E>QU.#.>-Q#T%0R.#.G%Q>CQE-Q%'##A2O*2G5#)>0E-0%.4# :2%# R5%# O.%*.4Q4# R)G0-0+# R)G0-# R5>T5>2%5# 9%2-5U5# p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`# 72# b# 32O*2# 72# :.>.-VP54U5%# C23.45PC.SQ4Q4# SQ%.SQG>.# W.%3>Q# .*Q>.%&.4# 72# `<# T=%94-9S949# S04C.3-.&Q%>.%' L235># `'# A2O*2# 72# P54U5%# :.>.-# C23.45PC.SQ4Q4# C)&2>#T=%94-9>2%5'

(4)

h

L235># b'# A2O*2# 72# P54U5%# :.>.-# C23.45PC.SQ4Q4# `<#3.-Q#C)&2>5'

`<#3.-Q#C)&2>5#)>0E-0%0>.4#32O*2454#3.G.#R5%5C5# 5>2# 2-35>2E5C5# &5E>2%# .%.UQ>Q/Q# 5>2# S./>.4C.3-.&Q%'## <0# 42&24>2# &5E>2%54# C)&2>>24C2S5# 72# P2C54# -.%.WQ4&.4# 2-35# 2&24# 30772->2%54# -.:C545# 32O*2# 9P2%54&235# T2%5>C2# &./Q>QCQ4Q4# -.:C545# 5*54# )>&03*.# =42C>5&5%'# # <0# *.>QEC.&.# &5E>2%54# C)&2>>24C2S5# SQ%.SQ4&.# 30>>.4Q>.4# R)G0-# =P2>>53>2%5#72#5>T5>5#&2/2%>2%#N5P2>T2#cg&2#72%5>C5E-5%'## N5P2>T2# cg&24# &2# .4>.EQ>.U./Q# T5R5# C)&2>>2424# 32O*2&2#:2%#R5%#&5E#.%.SQ4&.35#C2S.W2#bb+f#UC# )>0O#-)O>.C#h#.&2-#&5E#R0>04C.3-.&Q%'##

A2O*2454# `<# 3.-Q# C)&2>5454# )>0E-0%0>C.SQ4&.4# S)4%.35# .E.C.+# S)4>0# 2>2C.4>.%# .4.>5P54&2# R5%# T5%&5#&2/2%5#)>.4#SQ4Q%#3)E0>>.%Q4Q4#R2>5%>24C2S5#72# 32O*2G2#2-35#2&24#30772->2%54#:2S.O>.4C.SQ&Q%' N5P2>T2#c'#A2O*2#(5E>2%5454#<)G0->.%Q (5E>2%#5>2#5>T5>5#=P2>>53>2% (2/2% (5E#S.GQSQ (5E>2%#.%.SQ#C2S.W2 F245E>53 qP04>03 $.-.G#0P04>03 (9E2G#0P04>03 h#.&2-bbf#CC `bk#CC jbb#CC fbf#CC bic#CC \)4>0# 2>2C.4>.%# .4.>5P5454# G.OQ>C.SQ# 5*54# 3.-Q# C)&2>54# )>0E-0%0>C.SQ4&.4# S)4%.# 9*# R)G0->0# ./# C)&2>5454# )>0E-0%0>C.SQ# 5*54# 3.-Q# 2>2C.4# R5*5C5454# -.4QC>.4C.SQ# T2%23C23-2&5%'# # <0# *.>QEC.&.+# 32O*2454# 2/5C>5# G9P2G>2%54&2# `<# 2>2C.4>.%# G.%.-C.# 3)40S04&.35# 2S423>5/54&24# &)>.GQ# a`(b# &5G2# .&>.4&Q%Q>.4+# &=%-# &9/9C>9# -2-%.:2&%.>#2>2C.4>.%#30>>.4Q>CQE-Q%'

XR% -&.,&/&% &I-*% &2&"% -$YY&I#&)% Y&% 0"0)%-!S$##()0"0"%B&#*)#&"'& *

\)4>0# 2>2C.4>.%# .4.>5P54&2# *=P9C# .>T)%5-C.SQ# *.>QEC.&.4# =4U235# S)4# .E.C.# )>.4# SQ4Q%# &2/2%>2%5454#.-.4C.SQ+#2>&2#2&5>2U23#S)40*>.%Q4# :.SS.S5G2-5#72#&)/%0>0/0#.*QSQ4&.4#S)4#&2%2U2# =42C>5&5%'#\Q4Q%#&2/2%>2%5#.4.>5P#2&5>2U23#U5SC54# SQ4Q%# 4)3-.>.%Q# 72# R0# 4)3-.>.%&.# 0GT0>.4.4# 30772->2%54#&2/2%#72#G=4#)>.%.3#R2>5%>24C2S5#5>2# R0>040%'# N23C2# 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%Q4# 32O*2S542# 2-35# 2&24# 30772->2%54# 72# SQ4Q%# &2/2%>2%5454# .-.4C.SQ# 5*54# 3.G.# R5%5C5# =P2>>53>2%5454# 72# 3.G.# R5%5C5#-.%.WQ4&.4#32O*2454#&5E>2%542#0GT0>.4.U.3# 30772->2%54#-.:C54#2&5>C2S5#T2%235%'#(5E>2%2#2-35# 2&24# 30772->2%54# :2S.O>.4C.SQ4&.# 30>>.4Q>.4# 3.PQ# T2)C2-%5S5# 72# 32O*2V3.G.# R5%5C5# 2-35>2E5C5# L235>#f#72#hg&.#T=%9>C23-2&5%'##

L235># f'# A2O*2454# &5E>2%542# 2-35# 2&24# 30772->2%# 72#&5E>2%54#G2%#5>2#2-35>2E5C5' <0# *.>QEC.&.# *23C2# 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%>.%Q4# T242>>53>2# *.>QE-Q%Q>&Q/Q# P2C54# =P2>>53>2%5# &533.-2# .>Q4.%.3#*)3#SQ3Q+#SQ3Q#72#T27E23#)>C.3#9P2%2#9*# .4.#W.%3>Q#3.G.#R5%5C5#5*54#R5>T5S.G.%#R24P2-5C>2%5# G.OQ>CQE-Q%'# (5E>2%2# 0GT0>.4.4# G93>2%54# :2S.O>.4C.SQ4&.#30>>.4Q>.4#R0#9*#3.G.#R5%5C542# .5-#C.>P2C2#=P2>>53>2%5#N5P2>T2#ig&2#72%5>C5E-5%'

(5)

j

A.PQ# C.354.SQ# 5>2# G2%# .%.SQ4&.35# R./Q4-Q# R5%*)3# .%.E-Q%C.UQ# -.%.WQ4&.4# W.%3>Q# G.3>.EQC>.%# 30>>.4Q>.%.3#C)&2>>24C5E-5%'#<0#*.>QEC.&.#32SC2# 30772-5#8UAG2S# ckef"#-.%.WQ4&.4#T2>5E-5%5>24#535# R)G0->0#C)&2>54#C)&5pG2#2&5>C5E#:.>5#30>>.4Q>.%.3 :2S.O>.4CQE-Q%' 2

(

c

)

T

!

w gd N

"

cdN

(1) <./Q4-Q#cg&2#1#32SC2#30772-5+#

w

#32SC2#T245E>5/5# C"+# # 3.G.# R5%5C5454# G)/04>0/0# -r C3"+#

g

G2%*235C5# 57C2S5# CrS42"+#

d

# 3.PQ4Q4# &2%54>5/5# C"+#

c

P2C5454# 3):2PG)4#C03.72C2-5+#

N

#./Q%>Q3# W.3-=%9# 72# c

N

# 3):2PG)4# W.3-=%9&9%'## Z2S.O>.C.>.%&.#&5E>2%2#2-35#2&24#32SC2#30772-5# <./Q4-Q# c# 30>>.4Q>.%.3+# 32S5>24# C.>P2C2454# ./Q%>Q/Q4.# 72# 3.G.# R5%5C5454# 3):2PG)404.# R./>Q# )>.%.3# -.:C54# 2&5>C5E-5%'# A.G.# R5%5C5# 72# &5E>2%# .%.SQ4&.35#2-35>2E5C&24#&)/.4#S9%-94C2#30772-5+# G.OQEC.#72#3.G.#R5%5C5#5*2%5S54&235#2G>2CS5P>53-24# 3.G4.3>Q#30772->2%#:2S.R.#3.-Q>C.CQE-Q%'

ZR% -&.,&% 1+&)*"2&% !#$S("% 3&)*#'&% 2(V0#0'0"0"% !"#$% &#&'("#()% ("(#*+*% *#&%*"4&#&"'& * A2O*2454#&5E>2%542#2-35#2&24#&5%24*#30772-5454#72# 32O*2#9P2%54&235#30772->2%54#:2S.O>.4C.SQ4&.4# S)4%.#SQ4Q%#3)E0>>.%Q#R2>5%>24C5E#72#32O*2454#`<# 3.-Q#C)&2>5#5*54#S)4>0#2>2C.4>.%#.4.>5P5#?R.s0S# h'kVi# O%)T%.CQ# \5C0>5.+# idcd"# 30>>.4Q>.%.3# T2%*23>2E-5%5>C5E-5%'# # A2O*2# 9P2%54&235# T2%5>C2# 72# E235># &2/5E53>5/5# &./Q>QCQ# .4.>5P# 2&5>C5E# 72# 32O*2454# 24# W.P>.# T2%5>C2G2# C.%0P# 3.>.4# 3%5-53# 4)3-.>.%Q#-2SO5-#2&5>C5E-5%# L235>#h"'##

L235># h'# A2O*2# 72# &5E>2%5# 9P2%54&235# t)4# 85S2S# T2%5>C2# &./Q>QCQY# ."# *)3# SQ3Q# P2C54+# R"# SQ3Q# P2C54+# U"#T27E23#P2C54' L235>#hg&.#T=%9>24#T2%5>C2#&./Q>QCQ#*)3#SQ3Q+#SQ3Q# 72# T27E23# C.>P2C2# 5*54# .G%Q# .G%Q# G.OQ>CQE-Q%'## L235>#hg&.#T=%9>&9/9#T5R5#T2%5>C2>2%54#24#G)/04# )>&0/0#G2%>2%#32O*2454#&5E>2%5454#0*#3QSQC>.%Q#5>2# *23C2# :.>.-Q4Q4# 32O*2G2# R./>.4&Q/Q# R./>.4-Q# 4)3-.>.%Q#)>C0E-0%' N5P2>T2#i'#A.G.#<5%5C5#KP2>>53>2%5# 8)0.P24#72#@2C24G5+#ckkk" [2C54#8.>P2C2#KP2>>53>2%5 <5%5C N)3#\Q3Q \Q3Q F27E23 $Q/Q4#$)/04>0/0 3TrC3 cebd cj`c chcd A):2PG)4 3m. id'b cf'f cf'`

I*S2>#\9%-94C2#?*QSQ (2%2U2 `b'd `c'e `d'`

m)5SS)4#,%.4Q d'`ef d'`fk d'``k

H>.S-53>53#A.-S.GQSQ 3m. cc`fh edhj bk`k

P#?&$4Q&C*RM#''&('#A&

[2C54V82-.>#\9%-94C2#?*QSQ (2%2U2 if'd i`'d ii'd

(6)

e

<24P2-5C# S)40*>.%Q4.# T=%2# 32O*2# 9P2%54&235# T2%5>C2# &./Q>QC>.%Q# 3.PQ# G.OQ>.4# P2C54# =P2>>53>2%542# T=%2# W.%3>Q>Q3# T=S-2%C23-2&5%'## A2O*2# &5E>2%542# .5-# R5%# 2>2C.4# 9P2%54&235# T2%5>C2#&./Q>QC>.%Q4.#R.3Q>.%.3#*)3#SQ3Q+#SQ3Q#72# T27E23# P2C54&2# 32O*2454# 3.%EQ>.E-Q/Q# &5%24*# 3QG.S>.4CQE-Q%'#A2O*2#&5E>2%542#.5-#S2*5>24#R5>2E24# L235>#jg&2#T=S-2%5>C5E-5%'

L235>#j'#ibjf`#4)g>0#32O*2#R5>2E245'

L235># e+# .G4Q# 4)3-.# 9P2%54&235# W.%3>Q# P2C54# =P2>>53>2%54&2# T2%*23>2E24# T2%5>C2# &./Q>QCQ4Q# T=S-2%C23-2&5%'# # L235># eg&2# T=%9>&9/9# T5R5# 32O*2# *)3# SQ3Q# P2C54&2# &.:.# W.P>.# T2%5>C2G2# 72# E235># &2/5E53>5/542# C.%0P# 3.>C.3-.# R04.# 3.%EQ>Q3#T27E23#P2C54&2#24#.P#T2%5>C2#72#E235># &2/5E53>5/542#C.%0P#3.>C.3-.&Q%'##K%42/54+#.G4Q# 2>2C.4&.# cc'# 5-2%.SG)4&.# *)3# SQ3Q# P2C54&2# bcd+dd#8m.#SQ3Q#P2C54&2#`k`+if#8m.gQ+#T27E23# P2C54&2# `fk+hk# 8m.# &2/2%54&2# T2%5>C2# -2SO5-# 2&5>C5E-5%'

L235># e'# A2O*2# &5E5# 9P2%54&235# R5%# 2>2C.4# 9P2%54&2#*)3#SQ3Q+#SQ3Q#72#T27E23#P2C54>2%&2#t)4# 85S2S#T2%5>C2#&./Q>QC>.%Q4Q4#3QG.S>.C.SQ' ?G%QU.# P2C54# =P2>>53>2%54&24# 32O*2# 9P2%54&235# T2%5>5C# &./Q>QCQ4Q# 24# W.P>.# 2-35>2G24# G.# &.# R5%# &5/2%# &2G5E>2# T2%5>5C# &2/2%5454# 24# &0G.%>Q# )>&0/0# P2C54# =P2>>5/5# &0G.%>Q>Q3# .4.>5P5# G)>0G>.# R2>5%>24C5E-5%'# # L235># k# &0G.%>Q>Q3# .4.>5P5# S)40U0# 2>&2#2&5>24#T%.p/5#T=S-2%C23-2&5%'##

L235>#k'#(0G.%>Q>Q3#.4.>5P5#T%.p/5'

<0# .4.>5P# S)40U04&.# 32O*2# 9P2%54&235# T2%5>C2>2%54# 24# W.P>.# &0G.%>Q>Q3# T=S-2%&5/5# P2C54# =P2>>5/5454# 5*S2># S9%-94C2# .*QSQ# )>&0/0# R2>5%>24C5E-5%' [R% !"$,#()%Y&%H"&)*#&) N23C2# 32O*2>5# R5%# G2%3.P.%Q4# 32O*2S5# 9P2%54&235# T2%5>C2# &./Q>QC>.%Q4Q# -.:C54# 2-C23# 5*54# S)4>0# 2>2C.4>.%# G=4-2C5# R.E.%QG>.# 0GT0>.4CQE-Q%'# H>&2# 2&5>24# S)40*>.%# 32O*2454# W.%3>Q# 3.G.# R5%5C5# 3)E0>>.%Q4&.# 4.SQ># R5%# E235># &2/5E53>5/542# 0/%.&Q/Q4Q+# R0# G93>2C2>2%2# &.G.4QO# &.G.4.C.G.U./Q4Q# -2SO5-# 2-C2C5P&2# 72# 24# 3%5-53# T2%5>C2# R=>T2>2%545# R2>5%>2C2C5P&2# =42C>5# R0>T0>.%# S./>.C.3-.&Q%'# <0# *.>QEC.4Q4# S)40*>.%Q# 24# 3%5-53# T2%5>C2# R=>T2S5454# 32O*2G2# *23C2# :.>.->.%Q4Q4# R./>.4&Q/Q# 32O*2454# G.4# &07.%>.%Q4&.35# R./>.4-Q# 4)3-.>.%Q# 72# 32O*2454# &5E>2%5# )>&0/040# T=S-2%C5E-5%'# F2%5>C2# &./Q>QCQ# .4.>5P5# S)40*>.%Q4.# T=%2# 32O*2454# &5E>2%5# 5*54# 30>>.4Q>.U.3# C.>P2C2454# .3C.# &.G.4QCQ4Q4# fcd# 8m.+# *23C2# :.>.-Q4Q4# 32O*2G2# R./>.4&Q/Q# 4)3-.>.%&.# 30>>.4Q>.U.3# C.>P2C2454# .3C.# &.G.4QCQ4Q4# 5S2# bcd# 8m.g&.4# R9G93# )>C.SQ# T2%23C23-2&5%'# N)3# SQ3Q# 3.G.# R5%5C54&2# R0# &2/2%>2%&24# S)4%.# 3Q%Q>C.# C2G&.4.# T2>C5E-5%'## N.>QEC.#S)40*>.%Q#32O*2454#S2%75S#=C%9494#&.:.# 0P04# )>C.SQ# 5*54# C.>P2C2# S2*5C5# 3)40S04&.# =42C>5#R0>T0>.%#)%-.G.#*Q3.%CQE-Q%'

$.OQ>.4# &0G.%>Q>Q3# .4.>5P5# S)40*>.%Q# 32O*2# 9P2%54&235# T2%5>C2>2%5# 24# W.P>.# 2-35>2G24# C.>P2C2# =P2>>5/5454# 5*S2># S9%-94C2# .*QSQ# )>&0/040# T=S-2%C5E-5%'# 8.>P2C2454# G)/04>0/0# 5S2#T2%5>C2#72#E235>#&2/5E53>53>2%545#24#.P#2-35>2G24#

(7)

k

C.>P2C2#=P2>>5/5#)>.%.3#R2>5%>24C5E-5%'##A):2PG)4# 5S2# T2%5>C2# &2/2%>2%545# 5*S2># S9%-94C2# .*QSQ# 72# S9%-94C2# .*QSQ4&.4# &.:.# .P# G)/04>03-.4# &.:.#W.P>.#2-35>2G24#R5%#C.>P2C2#=P2>>5/5#)>.%.3# R2>5%>24C5E-5%'# <0# S)40U.# T=%2# *23C2# 32O*2>5# G2%3.P.%Q4#=%-93.PQ#5E>2C5#G.O.U./Q#3.G.#R5%5C5# 5*54# )O-5C0C# R5%# 5*S2># S9%-94C2# .*QSQ4.# S.:5O# )>C.SQ+# 32O*2# 9P2%54&2# 32O*2454# 9%2-5>&5/5# C.>P2C2454# .3C.# &.G.4QCQ4&.4# &.:.# W.P>.# T2%5>C2>2%2# 42&24# )>.U.3# 3.&.%# G93S23# 5*S2># S9%-94C2#.*QSQ4.#S.:5O#)>.4#3.G.#R5%5C>2%54&2#&2# T27E2-C2# 5E>2C5454# 2-354# R5%# R5*5C&2# G.OQ>C.SQ# T2%23C23-2&5%'##

<0# *.>QEC.4Q4# &27.CQ# 45-2>5/54&2# G.OQ>.U.3# *.>QEC.>.%# =%-93.PQ# 5E>2C5# G.OQ>.U.3# 3.G.# R5%5C5454# =P2>>53>2%542# R./>Q# )>.%.3# 32O*2# 9P2%54&235# T2%5>C2>2%5# 24# .P.# 54&5%2U23# =PT94# 32O*2#&5E5#-.S.%QC>.%Q4Q#3.OS.C.>Q&Q%' <0# *.>QEC.&.# 2>2# .>Q4.4# G93>2%# *23C2V 32O*2454#)O2%.SG)40#SQ%.SQ4&.#C2G&.4.#T2>24# 32O*2&235#G932#72#32O*2454#57C2S542#R./>Q#)>.4# &54.C53# 30772->2%&5%'# ?G%QU.+# 32O*2454# 324&5# ./Q%>Q/Q# &.# :2S.O>.C.>.%.# &.:5># 2&5>C5E-5%'# <0# S)40*>.%#)O2%.-=%#2-35S5#&.:5>#2&5>C23S5P54#5&2.># )O2%.SG)4>.%# 5*54# 30>>.4Q>.R5>5%'# ?4U.3+# 32O*2# 9P2%54&235# T2%5>C2# &./Q>QC>.%Q4Q# 2-35>2G24# 24# =42C>5# W.3-=%>2%&24# R5%5454# )O2%.-=%94# G2-354>5/5# 72# -2U%9R2S5# )>&0/0# 040-0>C.C.>Q&Q%'# <0# R./>.C&.+#*23C2#32O*2>5#G2%3.P.%#)O2%.-=%9494# 3.R54>2%5454#3)4-%)>#S5S-2C>2%5#5>2#&)4.-Q>C.SQ#72# T2%23-5/54&2# )O2%.-=%2# 0G.%Q# T=4&2%2U23# R5%# 5P>2C2454#T2%23>5>5/5#3.*Q4Q>C.P&Q%'

-(/"(-#()

<2U32%+#?'#?'+# iddbl# #?4# M4-%)&0U-)%G# F05&2# -)# ;545-2# H>2C24-#?4.>GS5S+# 1:2#?C2%5U.4# \)U52-G# )W#82U:.45U.>#H4T5422%S+#@2_#$)%3+#chj#S.GW.' a>2.%G+# m'# u'# ckke"l# 1:2# ;5>>54T# )W# (%.T>542# <0U32-S'# 8.-:2C.-5U.># H4T5422%54T# 54# M4&0S-%G+#

\]Q^+#cVib'

a)2-P22+# a'# v'+# <.SS)4+# ?'# Z'# 72# t2%C22%+# m'# ?'# iddj"'# (5SU%2-2# .4&# a)4-5400C# 8)&2>>54T# )W# H]U.7.-)%# <0U32-# ;5>>54T'# v)0%4.># )W# 12%%.C2U:.45US+#44+#cjjwceh' (2C5%2>+#@'+#iddhl'#x(G4.C5U#(%.T>542#8)&2>54T# .4&# <))C# \-%2SS# ?4.>GS5S# W)%# HWpU524-# H]U.7.-5)4+n# ()3-)%.# 12P5+# 85SS)0%5# q4572%S5-G# )W#\U524U2#.4&#12U:4)>)TG+#iddj"+#cbe#S.GW.' F5>2_5UP+# m'+# idddl# M4-2%4.-5)4.># (%.T>542# m)O0>.-5)4#8.-0%2S+#a).>#?T2+#Q_Z][^+#`dV`i' 8UAG2S+# H'+# ckefl# \)5># a0--54T# .4&# 15>>.T2'# B2-%5272&#W%)C#8UF5>>#<5)%2S)0%U2#H4T5422%54T+# :--OYrr___'CUT5>>'U.rW5>2SrR5)24Tr<BHHfciy O.%-c'O&W 8)0.P24+# ?'# 8'# 72# @2C24G5'+# 8+# ckkkl# ;545-2# H>2C24-# ?4.>GS5S# )W# \0RS)5>2%# a0--54T# 54# @)4V Z)C)T242)0S'# \)5># .4&# 15>>.T2# B2S2.%U:+# 51+# cVcf' ,g<25%42+# 1'# 72# J0C>2G+# F'+# ckkjl# MCO%)72&# (%.T>542# m%)&0U-575-G# 1:%)0T:# B5TT54T# (2S5T4'# B2-%5272&# v042# idcd+# W%)C# ?0S-%.>5.4# a).># ?SS)U5.-5)4# B2S2.%U:# m%)T%.C# ?a?Bm"+# : - - O Y r r _ _ _ ' . U . % O ' U ) C ' . 0 r . R S - % . U - S ' .SO]z%2OM&{abdd`

KP&)/.4+# 8'+# idd`l# (%.T>542# $2%3.P.%>.%&.# A2O*2# \.O>.4QE# 823.45PC.SQ# 72# A0772-5+# 8.&24U5>53#(2%T5S5+#XT]Q^+#cjVih'

m.%>.3+# 1'+# ckefl# ?*Q3# A=C9%# IE>2-C2U5>5/54&2# $2%54&2# I4U2>2424# (%.T>542# qGT0>.C.>.%Q+# 8.&24U5>53#(2%T5S5+#TX]T^+#fVib'

\:.%%)U3+# F'<'+# ?SO54.>>+# 1'# ,'# 72# \U)--# ?'+# ckkfl# x82.S0%2C24-# .4&# ?4.>GS5S# )W# (%.T>542# ,O2%.-54T# m.%.C2-2%S# W)%# <>)U3# H]U.7.-5)4+n# m%)U'# M4-'# \GCO'# ,4# 8542# m>.4454T# .4&# Hs05OC24-#\2>2U-5)4+#B.^#\54T:.>#7&'# 2&S"#?'#?# <.>32C.+#<.>32C.+#B)--2%&.C+#fcjVfii'

\5C0>5.+# idcdl# (.SS.0>-# \GS-|C2S+# B5S54T# \04# 85>>S+# chh# t.>>2G# \-%22-# m%)75&24U2+# BM+# :--OYrr ___'S5C0>5.'U)Cr>)U.-5)4SrS5C0>5.y:s':-C>' \)>5&_)%3S# a)%O'+# iddkl'# (.SS.0>-# \GS-2C2S# \)>5&u)%3S# a)%O'# `dd# <.32%#?72402# a)4U)%&+# 8?dcjbi+# :--OYrr___'S)>5&_)%3S'U)CrS_r U)4-.U-VR':-C'

1)_4S)4+#m'+#80%-:G+#m'+#F0.4+#['#72#F0%T24U5+# Z'+# iddcl# ,O-5C5S.-5)4# )W# (2S5T4# J).&# J272>S# W)%#(%.T>542#<0U32-S'#B2-%5272&#v042#idcd+#W%)C# ?0S-%.>5.4# a).>#?SS)U5.-5)4# B2S2.%U:# m%)T%.C# ?a?Bm"+# :--OYrr___'.U.%O'U)C'.0r.RS-%.U-S' .SO]z%2OM&{ajdd`'

Referanslar

Benzer Belgeler

Nâzım, onu kırmıştı ama, Şevket Süreyya yine kırılma­ mıştı. Nâzım Hikmet’i hep sever, çalışma odasında, kol­ tuğunun arkasında, yağlıboya bir Nâzım

Salâh Birsel, kitabından söz ederken “üşütük, zevzek, oturak haspası, kadın oburu, şişmanırak, uyuntu ve zigoto bir sürü insanın haymana beygiri gibi ortalık yerde

Tarihi ve beşeri ilimlerin, bu arada edebiyat araştırmalarının tabii ilimlerden farklı metotlara ve bakış açılarıyla gerçekleştirilebilmesi mecburiyeti vardır..

Tablo 11. i) Öğrencilerin görüşleri hizmet içi pedagojik formasyon eğitimi düzenlenmesinin uygunluğuna göre değişmekte midir?.. Öğrencilere ait öğretmen eğitim

kalan pizzayı da Fatih yemiştir. Geri

[r]

The idea is that the mass of the scalar field is not constant in space and time, but rather depends on the environment, in particular, on the local matter density: In regions of

Bir önceki bölümde sunulan çalışmalardan da anlaşılacağı üzere sifonik sistemde çıkış sayısının artırılması, tali düşey iniş borusunun çapının