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(1)By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ READING COMPREHENSION - 01. RURAL WORLD NOW AN URBAN ONE. Among all the Third World cities, only Shanghai boasted of a population of full five-million souls in 1950. According to an estimate by the United Nations population specialists, however, there will be no less than forty-five such supercities in the poorer half of the world by the year 2005. London, meanwhile, will have fallen from the once prestigious position of being the second-largest in the world to the extremely modest position of being number twenty-seven down the line. If current trends continue, the metropolitan area of Mexico City, today with about seventeen million people and ahead of Tokyo as the world's most populous centre, will reach twenty-six million by 2005. Sao Paulo will be right behind at twenty-four million. Life, in metropolitan areas of such immense proportions, is compressed and miserable. Already in some districts of Cairo and Djakarta, as much as two to three hundred thousand people are jammed into every square mile... This is four times the population density of comparable towns in the West. "Stabilization of global population is still virtually a century away," writes a noted urbanologist: "Before zero population growth is achieved, therefore, cities could come to resemble insect colonies rather than human habitats.". ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01 In 1950, Shanghai a. was the only city with a population of five million. b. took its place among the Third World cities with a population of five-million souls. c. had a population of no less than five million. 1.

(2) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ d. was the most congested city among all the Third World cities. e. was the only Third World city in the world. Answer -- c --. 02 By the year 2005, a. London will have become a crowded and miserable Third World city. b. conditions will be much worse in the Third World than they are today. c. there will be altogether forty-five supercities in the world. d. London will have become an extremely modest supercity down the line of twenty-seven such supercities in the Third World. e. no city with a population of under five-million souls will be considered suitable for human habitation. Answer -- b --. 03 By 2005, Mexico City will a. be just ahead of and be closely followed by Sao Paulo. b. be second to Tokyo, as the world's most populous centre. c. have already started an inevitable downward trend in population. d. have become an urbanized and uncongested provincial centre. e. take its place between Tokyo and Sao Paulo population-wise. Answer -- a --. 04 Life in such metropolitan areas a. offers many more opportunities for the citizens collectively. b. cannot be argued to lead to much happiness. c. ought not to be compared to the conditions in Cairo or Djakarta. d. is undoubtedly four times better than it is in the Third World. 2.

(3) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ e. becomes compressed into an area of a single square mile. Answer -- b --. 05 The closing statement means: a. In any case, any human habitat is rather like an insect colony. b. World population will stabilize no earlier than the middle of the next century. c. Stabilization of global population would can only be achieved within a period of one hundred years, whatever the conditions are. d. Zero population growth is obviously desirable from the viewpoint of the urbanologist quoted in the passage. e. Many urbanologists are quite content about the way the things are going. Answer -- d --. READING COMPREHENSION - 02. YATAĞAN SMOKE HARMS THE NEARBY PINE TREE FORESTS. The sulphur dioxide gas being emitted from the chimneys of the Yatağan thermal power plant is reported to be causing severe environmental damage and is held to be particularly hazardous for the pine tree forests in the region. People living in Yatağan, Muğla, have long been known to have sent in complaints to the central government, but nothing so far has been done about it. 3.

(4) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ The thermal power plant, with its many problems, was the main topic in a seminar held in İzmir over the weekend. Speakers pointed out that 200 tons of lignite hourly (4,800 tons daily) are burnt in order to operate the three turbines of the plant and that 1,000 tons of sulphur dioxide gas is being emitted daily over the region. The only measure taken so far has been the setting up of a series of electronic filters in order to contain the light floating ash produced. But the poisonous gases cannot, of course, be kept from spreading. There were seen red and brown stains on the pine trees in the region first in 1983 and this has become a regular feature on a much larger scale ever since the third unit went into circuit in December 1984. The tragedy is that many pine trees are now being cut down because they have dried up. These are within a radius of three to four kilometres from the plant. There is yet another pine tree forest twelve kilometres away and even this one, too, shows signs of having been seriously affected by the ever-increasing menace from the poisonous gases emitted daily over the region. It was duly emphasized by several speakers that, if the poisonous gases cannot be brought under control, eventually the flora and fauna in the region will be completely destroyed and this whole area will look like a desert in future.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01. Sulphur dioxide is. a. reported to be beneficial especially for the region's pine trees. b. a necessary evil as far as electricity production is concerned. c. dangerous particularly for this region. d. known to lead to environmental problems. e. held from spreading by installing electronic filters. Answer -- d --. 4.

(5) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ 02 People living in Yatağan, Muğla, a. have done nothing about the situation so far. b. are in close contact with the central government. c. would rather cut down all the unaffected trees. d. are known to have complained about the central government. e. urgently want something to be done about the situation. Answer -- e --. 03 Measures must be taken to a. send in complaints to the central government. b. bring poisonous gases under some kind of control. c. contain the light floating ash produced. d. burn better quality coal than ordinary lignite to operate the three turbines. e. organize more serious seminars on this subject. Answer -- b --. 04 Mark the correct interpretation: a. Ever since the third unit went into circuit, the red and brown stains on the pine trees have shown a steady decline. b. One solution to the problem obviously lies in the cutting down of the affected pine trees. c. Destruction of flora and fauna in the region is nothing but a tragic event, to say the least. d. If a tree is dried up, there can be no regrets over its being cut down. e. Several speakers emphasized that there is nothing to be done to overcome this problem. Answer -- c --. 05 An alternative title for the passage would be: 5.

(6) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ a. Tragedy Of Thermal Power Plants: A Case In Point b. Problems Of Regional Pine Tree Forests c. Responsible People Of Yatağan, Muğla d. How Insensitive A Government Can Get e. Discussing Environmental Pollution Answer -- a --. READING COMPREHENSION - 03. GENETICIST: EGGS SHOULD BE USED. An eminent Turkish geneticist has come forward and stated in court that leaving fertilized human eggs in cold storage is putting "early human beings" into a concentration camp, "deprived of liberty, deprived even of time." Dr. Aysel Tanju, head of the genetics department at the Turkish National Centre of Scientific Research, was testifying in a divorce case. The couple involved produced seven fertilized eggs in an in vitro fertilization clinic last year that have since been kept in cryogenic storage. Now the couple disagree on what should be done with them. While the man categorically states that he does not want them used by anyone without his consent, his ex-wife expresses her intention to become pregnant with them. Needless to say, the case is without legal precedent, and the characterization of the eggs has become a key distinction in the trial. Dr. Tanju, who enjoys a well-deserved fame and prestige in the field of genetics as the discoverer of the non-chromosomal basis of the much-feared Binladenismus syndrome, testified that life begins at the moment of fertilization. 6.

(7) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ "As soon as he has been conceived, a man is a man," she said.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01. Choose the correct statement:. a. Nowadays, we often witness geneticists testifying in courts. b. Some fertilized human eggs must certainly be kept in hot storage. c. A concentration camp is the most appropriate place for "early human beings" to be kept in cold storage. d. Dr. Aysel Tanju is an eminent Turkish geneticist who, up to now, has repeatedly testified in courts. e. The court needed a geneticist to testify and clarify the issue in this particular divorce case. Answer -- e --. 02 According to Dr. Tanju, a. leaving fertilized human eggs in cold storage is the same as stuffing people into concentration camps. b. this couple has produced seven fertilized eggs. c. in vitro fertilization must take place in cryogenic storage. d. no sooner than we think of a man as a man, he becomes a man. e. only a geneticist can decide what must be done with fertilized human eggs. Answer -- a --. 03 Choose the incorrect statement: 7.

(8) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ a. There has never been a court case of this kind up to now. b. Dr. Tanju takes great pleasure in being well-known in the field of genetics. c. An in vitro fertilization clinic must also provide for proper cryogenic storage. d. It was essential for this court case that a qualified scientist should put forward his or her opinion as to the definition of a fertilized human egg. e. Dr. Tanju is best known as the geneticist who discovered the non-chromosomal basis of the much-feared Binladinismus syndrome. Answer -- b --. 04 Choose the correct statement: a. The husband would like his ex-wife to become pregnant with the fertilized eggs they've produced in an in vitro fertilization clinic. b. Binladinismus syndrome is a specific risk to be taken into account for any couple considering in vitro fertilization. c. The couple involved in this particular court case are getting a divorce because they disagree on what should be done with the eggs they've produced in an in vitro fertilization clinic. d. Binladinismus syndrome, the genetic basis of which was discovered by Dr. Aysel Tanju, is a non-chromosomal disorder. e. According to the passage, whatever the court decision is, the wife should be entitled to become pregnant with the eggs that her husband and herself have produced together. Answer -- d --. 05 An alternative title for the passage might be: a. The Double Life Of A Geneticist b. An Unprecedented Non-Chromosomal Problem c. The Importance of Unfertilized Human Eggs d. Tragedy Of Divorce: A Modern Instance e. Human Eggs In Cryogenic Storage Answer -- d -8.

(9) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. READING COMPREHENSION - 03. GENETICIST: EGGS SHOULD BE USED. An eminent Turkish geneticist has come forward and stated in court that leaving fertilized human eggs in cold storage is putting "early human beings" into a concentration camp, "deprived of liberty, deprived even of time." Dr. Aysel Tanju, head of the genetics department at the Turkish National Centre of Scientific Research, was testifying in a divorce case. The couple involved produced seven fertilized eggs in an in vitro fertilization clinic last year that have since been kept in cryogenic storage. Now the couple disagree on what should be done with them. While the man categorically states that he does not want them used by anyone without his consent, his ex-wife expresses her intention to become pregnant with them. Needless to say, the case is without legal precedent, and the characterization of the eggs has become a key distinction in the trial. Dr. Tanju, who enjoys a well-deserved fame and prestige in the field of genetics as the discoverer of the non-chromosomal basis of the much-feared Binladenismus syndrome, testified that life begins at the moment of fertilization. "As soon as he has been conceived, a man is a man," she said.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 9.

(10) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. 01. Choose the correct statement:. a. Nowadays, we often witness geneticists testifying in courts. b. Some fertilized human eggs must certainly be kept in hot storage. c. A concentration camp is the most appropriate place for "early human beings" to be kept in cold storage. d. Dr. Aysel Tanju is an eminent Turkish geneticist who, up to now, has repeatedly testified in courts. e. The court needed a geneticist to testify and clarify the issue in this particular divorce case. Answer -- e --. 02 According to Dr. Tanju, a. leaving fertilized human eggs in cold storage is the same as stuffing people into concentration camps. b. this couple has produced seven fertilized eggs. c. in vitro fertilization must take place in cryogenic storage. d. no sooner than we think of a man as a man, he becomes a man. e. only a geneticist can decide what must be done with fertilized human eggs. Answer -- a --. 03 Choose the incorrect statement: a. There has never been a court case of this kind up to now. b. Dr. Tanju takes great pleasure in being well-known in the field of genetics. c. An in vitro fertilization clinic must also provide for proper cryogenic storage. d. It was essential for this court case that a qualified scientist should put forward his or her opinion as to the definition of a fertilized human egg. e. Dr. Tanju is best known as the geneticist who discovered the non-chromosomal basis of the much-feared Binladinismus syndrome. 10.

(11) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ Answer -- b --. 04 Choose the correct statement: a. The husband would like his ex-wife to become pregnant with the fertilized eggs they've produced in an in vitro fertilization clinic. b. Binladinismus syndrome is a specific risk to be taken into account for any couple considering in vitro fertilization. c. The couple involved in this particular court case are getting a divorce because they disagree on what should be done with the eggs they've produced in an in vitro fertilization clinic. d. Binladinismus syndrome, the genetic basis of which was discovered by Dr. Aysel Tanju, is a non-chromosomal disorder. e. According to the passage, whatever the court decision is, the wife should be entitled to become pregnant with the eggs that her husband and herself have produced together. Answer -- d --. 05 An alternative title for the passage might be: a. The Double Life Of A Geneticist b. An Unprecedented Non-Chromosomal Problem c. The Importance of Unfertilized Human Eggs d. Tragedy Of Divorce: A Modern Instance e. Human Eggs In Cryogenic Storage Answer -- d --. READING COMPREHENSION - 05 11.

(12) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. TAKE A BRISK WALK -- AND LIVE LONGER !!. A study published last week in the celebrated Journal of the Patagonian Medical Association says that even a minimum amount of exercise -- a brisk half-hour walk once a day would be enough -gives significant protection not only against cardio-vascular diseases and several types of cancer but also against mortality arising from a variety of other health problems. Put plainly, people who exercise just a little bit tend to live longer. The eight-year-old, 88,888-subject study, carried out by researchers at the famed Institute for Aerobics Research in the Neverneverland, is hardly the first to establish a link between moderate exercise and longevity. But the present report is considered significant for its several unique features. For one thing, it includes both men and women, in contrast to the earlier, mostly-male surveys. For another, it strengthens the evidence that physical exercise may positively help in the fight against cancer. This was a relationship discovered only in the past few years. On the other hand, while this and earlier studies agree on the benefits of regular, moderate exercise, there is no consensus of scientific opinion on the possible physiological mechanisms involved. It may be that physical exercise increases coronary blood flow, decreases clotting, or maybe does both... Such an impact would obviously lessen the chances of blood-vessel blockages that are known to cause cardio-vascular problems. Again, medical authorities speculate that, since it increases bowel movements, physical exercise becomes an important factor in avoiding colon cancer. These issues may or may not be clarified within the framework of the next phase of the investigation, which is expected to cover some 99,999 people. In the meantime, a probable inverse link between physical exercise and the AIDS will also be checked on. For the average man or woman, however, the message is clear beyond any shadow of doubt: Get moving, folks!. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01. A minimum amount of exercise is or means. a. something you cannot afford to overlook if you mean to protect yourself against many health hazards. 12.

(13) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ b. the medical equivalent of half-an-hour's leisurely walk. c. more than enough to give you absolute protection against many health problems, including cardio-vascular diseases and several types of cancer. d. a guarantied publication in the Journal of the Patagonian Medical Association. e. a leisurely walk to be taken for at least half an hour a day. Answer -- a --. 02 "Put plainly" means — a. simply and laboriously exemplified. b. briefly and ornamentally asserted. c. eloquently and equivocally emphasized. d. expressed without beating about the bush. e. succinctly stated, using in the meantime a good deal of circumlocution. Answer -- d --. 03 Choose the appropriate interpretation: a. Earlier studies ignored women altogether. b. People who exercise regularly tend to live longer. c. Physical exercise is no doubt the sole answer to colon cancer. d. Modest exercise is the unquestionable result of longevity. e. The researchers carried out a study on 88,888 eight-year-old subjects in the Neverneverland. Answer -- b --. 04 Choose the inappropriate interpretation: a. There is no consensus of scientific opinion on the benefits of regular, moderate exercise. b. It is possible that exercise both increases blood flow and decreases clotting. 13.

(14) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ c. Blood-vessel blockages do lead to cardio-vascular problems. d. An increase in bowel movements is known to be positively associated with reducing the probability of colon cancer. e. There is practically no difference of opinion between this study and the earlier ones as to the positive effects of regular and moderate exercise. Answer -- a --. 05 The message for the average man or woman is that one should a. immediately start moving from place to place. b. start exercising regularly, without losing any more time. c. consult one's doctor immediately as to the benefits of regular, moderate exercise. d. join in with the 99,999 people who are expected to take part in the next phase of the investigation. e. wait for the expected results of the next study before deciding to contract the AIDS. Answer -- b --. READING COMPREHENSION - 06. A MURDER AT THE ROYAL HOTEL. I have been staying at the Royal Hotel for some time now. This morning, as I walked past a room on the first floor, suddenly I heard a woman's somewhat muffled voice: "Help!" the woman was obviously trying to scream. Then I heard a man's voice. "Don't move, or I'll shoot you!" the man 14.

(15) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ was shouting angrily. "Oh, please don't shoot me," the woman was crying. Then the man gave a final, blood-chilling laugh. And I heard a shot. And I felt a shiver run down my spine simultaneously... Without giving the matter a second thought, I knocked on the door loudly. "Come in," said the woman, however, in a soft voice, and I rushed into the room. "What's the matter?" I asked her: "Can I help you?..." "Who're you?" the woman asked angrily. "I... I heard a shot," I declared, somewhat hesitatingly. And I added: 'Are you all right?" The woman laughed, "Of course I am all right." She then turned to the man: "Put you gun in your pocket, dear," she simply said... "What on earth is happening here?" I asked, I think with some rightful exasperation. The man's answer was that they were not quarrelling at all, but that they were actors and were trying to memorize their parts for a new play. Adapted from L.G. ALEXANDER'S Question and Answer.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01. We may surmise, deduce, infer, conclude from the narrative that the narrator. a. is a hotel keeper. b. frequently stays at hotels. c. is currently staying at the Royal Hotel. d. has a room on the first floor. e. is a very curious man and frequently pokes his nose into other people's business. Answer -- c --. 02 The actors are a. either husband and wife or lovers. b. exasperated with one another. c. having a genuine quarrel. 15.

(16) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ d. going to perform a play at the hotel. e. rehearsing, so they're play-acting. Answer -- e --. 03 When he sees the woman is perfectly well and happy, the narrator a. becomes confused. b. gets furious. c. is very happy, too. d. puts his gun in his pocket. e. asks the woman if he can help her. Answer -- a --. 04 Here we have a. a true-life drama. b. just a pleasant little anecdote. c. a scene from an exciting play. d. a passage from a novel. e. a joke written by two actors. Answer -- b --. 05 The lesson we might draw from the story is that a. we shouldn't poke our nose into other people's business. b. actors should be cautious when they are learning their parts. c. people should mind their own business when staying at a hotel. d. things are not sometimes what they seem to be. 16.

(17) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ e. one should never speak to a stranger. Answer -- d --. READING COMPREHENSION - 07. A STUPENDOUSLY SENSATIONAL ARCHAELOGICAL FIND UNEARTHED. The temple which the archaelogists explored had in fact been used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman Times. In the most sacred inner room of this building, clay fragments of no less than fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was among these remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head, however, happened to be discovered among the remains of fifth century B.C. We may, at this very point, justifiably indulge in some speculation: This head must have been found in the Classical period and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were greatly surprised to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman, in that she stood over six feet high and her hands defiantly rested on her hips. She was wearing a gorgeous, full-length skirt which swept the ground. To make a brief story of it all, she was very graceful indeed despite her great age. So far, however, the archaeologists have been unable to establish her real identity. Adapted from L.G. ALEXANDER'S Question and Answer.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 17.

(18) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ 01. The temple which the archaeologists explored. a. had been in existence for at least a thousand years prior to the Roman period. b. was situated in Rome. c. was destroyed by the Romans. d. was explored by the archaelogists for religious purposes. e. is still used as a place of worship. Answer -- a --. 02 The fifteen statues the passage tells us about were a. images of ordinary people. b. all carved of exquisite Roman marble. c. oil painted all over their body. d. made of clay, which rendered them somewhat fragile. e. representative of ancient gods and goddesses. Answer -- d --. 03 The missing head a. was thrown away by the Romans. b. had an exquisite classical Roman beauty. c. belonged to a beautiful goddess of short stature. d. was very graceful although it belonged to an old woman.. e. had been sculptured way back in the fifteenth century B.C. Answer -- e --. 18.

(19) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ 04 Archaelogists a. would like to establish the identity of the ancient goddess this statue represented. b. found naked statues of fifteen ancient goddesses in the most sacred inner room of the temple. c. reconstructed the statues and cleaned this most sacred inner room of the temple. d. explored the temple, wearing full-length skirts. e. excavated a very modern-looking Roman temple. Answer -- a --. 05 A suitable alternative title for this passage might be: a. Ancient Religions b. An Unknown Goddess c. A Temple in Rome d. Roman Goddesses e. A Message From The Past Answer -- b --. READING COMPREHENSION - 08. GORILLA ATTACKER JUDGED INSANE. 19.

(20) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. A man who, of all places, jumped into a Melbourne Zoo gorilla closure and attacked the apes was committed to a mental institution last Tuesday. Zoo staff said the 27-year-old man chased Betsy, an adult female, while making monkey sounds and beating his chest with his fists. The man punched and kicked the poor terrified primate and drove a five-year-old baby male, Mzuri, into a corner. He was finally trapped and captured by the police. The attacker, from the southern state of Tasmania, apparently arrived in Melbourne on Monday and went straight to the zoo, shouting, "I've come here to kill a gorilla!" He told the police that "voices" instructed him to attack the animals. A police spokeswoman said that after being examined by doctors, the man was committed under the Mental Health Act. It has been reported that the zoo staff are keeping the gorillas under observation in case any psychological damage was caused by the attack. Modified from a report by The Associated Press.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01. A man,. a. jumped -- surprisingly enough -- into a gorilla closure and attacked the animals. b. jumped into all sorts of places in the Melbourne Zoo. c. shut the gorillas into a zoo closure and attacked them. d. also attacked the health officials in the mental hospital. e. was referred to a mental institution for a medical consultation. Answer -- a --. 02 Choose the correct statement: a. Mzuri, driven to a corner, was finally trapped and captured by the police. b. The man gave loving hugs and kisses to Mzuri, the baby gorilla.. 20.

(21) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ c. Betsy punched and kicked the poor primate in order to protect Mzuri, her five-year-old male baby. d. The man made monkey sounds and beat his chest with his fists in imitation of the apes. e. The twenty-seven-year old man got angry with the apes because they would not accept him as one of their own kind. Answer -- d --. 03 As he explained his reasons for attacking the apes, the man said, "Because ............... ." a. I shouted that I've come to kill a live gorilla b. I am from the southern state of Tasmania c. I wasn't in my right mind d. Voices instructed me to do so e. I arrived in Melbourne on Monday and went straight to the zoo Answer -- d --. 04 Choose the incorrect statement: a. The man attacked Betsy, while the female ape was making monkey sounds and beating her chest with her fists. b. We understand that the first thing the man did when he arrived in Melbourne was to go to the zoo. c. The Mental Health Act permits people to be committed to a mental institution upon the results of a medical examination. d. Within twenty-four hours of his arrival in Melbourne, the man found himself committed to a mental hospital in the same city. e. The staff would like to make sure that the apes have suffered no adverse psychological effects. Answer -- a --. 05 This newspaper report might appear in the ............... columns. a. Editorial 21.

(22) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ b. Current Affairs c. City News d. World Of Entertainment e. Obituaries Answer -- c --. READING COMPREHENSION - 09. INVESTMENT FOR EXPORTS. New investments are of vital importance for the continuation of Turbania's exports performance, according to a World Bank report. Studying the contribution of the small- and medium-scale industries in particular, the report says that Turbania's exports underwent a rapid development in the beginning of the 1990s, adding, nevertheless, that high interest rates on industrial credits coupled with diminishing economic growth rates in the ensuing years have adversely affected the country's efforts to continue that promising performance. The report points out that the greater proportion of investors have tended to go into fields where they expect speculative gains, causing manufacturing industries to suffer considerable losses in production as a result. It is true that exports volumes have been on the increase over the past two years and this has made it possible for the manufacturing sector to substantially extend its capacity utilization level. But this has not led to any appreciable big jump in fixed capital investments because whatever boom is generated by the industry, it is all but by units which had been operating at an all-time lowest capacity level in the pre-2001 era, according to the report. The report also draws attention to the fact that the country urgently needs to improve its domestic macro-economic balances and reform its overall financial system. "The general output in textiles and automotive sectors formerly had all gone up within the framework of improving exports. The government had encouraged exports through tax rebates, high import taxes, and exchange rate 22.

(23) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ policies. Since mid-2002, however, these methods have been replaced by direct subsidies," the report points out. It predicts that the abolition of tax rebate should lead to a decline in fictitious export cases and prove an obstacle to the unfair distribution of export incentives. However, Turbania's May foreign trade figures, which have remained long undisclosed by the State Institute of Statistics were announced yesterday, and they show only a modest increase in export volumes over the past eighteen months, as well as a month-by-month expansion in the country's foreign trade deficit.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01. The World Bank Report recommends that Turbania. a. give priority to keeping up her exports performance. b. close down the booming channels of her exports performance. c. undergo a rapid development since the beginning of the 1990s. d. encourage the exports by increasing speculative gains. e. be more careful in studying the small- and medium-scale industries' exporting performance. Answer -- a --. 02 Investors should be encouraged a. to earn more by speculative gains. b. to demand from the government high interest rates. c. to do everything they can in order to adversely affect the country's exporting performance. d. to cut down on their capacity utilization level. e. to divert their money to manufacturing industries. Answer -- e --. 23.

(24) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ 03 The increasing exports volumes just recently have brought about a. a big jump in fixed capital investments. b. a parallel increase in capacity utilization levels in the industries previously operating at unusually low levels. c. a decline in fictitious export cases. d. an improvement in domestic macro-economic balances and the country's overall financial system. e. a greater optimism on the part of the World Bank experts relating to Turbania's continued economic policies. Answer -- b --. 04 Which of the following is not an economic measure? a. direct subsidies to exporting industries b. tax rebates c. exchange rate policies d. high import rates e. imprisonment of fictitious exporters Answer -- e --. 05 The World Bank Report is a. optimistic. b. pessimistic. c. cautionary. d. sarcastic. e. revisionist. Answer -- c --. 24.

(25) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. READING COMPREHENSION - 10. LET EUROPE BE YOUR OYSTER. Europe is on the move... By the end of 2005, a barrier-free market with about 500 million consumers will have taken shape. This presents a tremendous challenge for many companies. While the growth potential is immense, the risks are also considerable. Only the fittest and the most efficient companies will be able to cope successfully with the resultant fierce competition. The shares of these top-ranking firms will be among the star performers on the European stock markets. Yet, selecting the stocks with the highest potential is never so easy. Many investors, for this reason, prefer to entrust this delicate task to genuinely professional fund managers. OUR COMPANY is a new investment fund designed primarily to look after the interests of private investors who need professional help. We invest in the shares of leading European companies. The chief criteria for stock selection are growth potential, competitiveness and, of course, financial strength. OUR COMPANY stands up for top-quality products backed by expertise and know-how -- in other words, such products as represented in our own investment funds. Make sure that you do not miss the opportunity that Europe is offering you: simply send in the enclosed form of application... And leave the rest to our experts.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01. This is a passage from. a. a science fiction story. b. the memoirs of a traveller who has travelled widely in Europe. 25.

(26) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ c. a pamphlet published by the European Economic Council. d. an advertisement circulated by a private firm as part of their new promotion campaign. e. a book on economic investments. Answer -- d --. 02 By the end of 2005, a. there'll be a single, barrier-free commercial market in Europe. b. 500 million consumers will have decided to invest in European companies. c. the growth potential will be immense, though the risks will be more or less negligible. d. these top-ranking firms will share the entire market among themselves. e. all investors will have entrusted the delicate task of selecting the stocks with the highest potential to genuinely professional fund managers. Answer -- a --. 03 Only the fittest and the most efficient companies will a. present a challenge. b. compete for star performers. c. speculate on the shares of European firms. d. manage to survive despite fierce competition. e. succeed in yielding to the resultant competition. Answer -- d --. 04 OUR COMPANY a. looks after your interests as investors. b. is the leading European company. c. will only accept top-quality customers. 26.

(27) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ d. urgently needs professional assistance. e. is one of the chief criteria for stock selection. Answer -- a --. 05 This piece of writing aims at being a. economical and commercial. b. convincing and persuasive. c. conceited and grandiose. d. malevolent and dishonest. e. hysterical and sensational. Answer -- b --. READING COMPREHENSION - 11. FENERBAHÇE TAKES REVENGE ON OLYMPIAKOS PIRAEUS. İSTANBUL. Turkey's top scorer Tuncay Şanlı again did not fail to score a hat trick as Fenerbahçe of İstanbul beat Olympiakos Piraeus 4-2 in a warm-up soccer friendly here. Şanlı, who scored 29 goals as his team won the Football League title last year, opened his series with a rocketing header in the 10th minute before 55,000 fans at the Fenerbahçe Stadium on the Asian side of this city.. 27.

(28) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ Striker Alexios Alexandris levelled for Olympiakos when he converted a penalty in the 23rd minute. The penalty was awarded after Marco Aurelio had tackled Andreas Niniadis. Receiving a pass from Van Hooijdonk, Tuncay made the score 2-1 in the 32nd minute and added a third two minutes later. Van Hooijdonk, after missing numerous scoring chances, recorded the hosts' fourth goal from close range when he dribbled past two Olympiakos defenders and goalie Angelos Georgiou in the 64th minute. Defender Giorgios Anatolakis was sent off for arguing with the linesman and for disputing the referee's decision. He had signed a two-year contract for Olympiakos, when his own team was relegated to the second division last year. He is expected to face a three-match suspension under the new FIFA official rules. Alexandris scored the visitors' second goal with a somersault shot in the 83rd minute when the Fenerbahçe defence failed to clear the ball in the penalty area. Olympiakos had won the first exhibition game 3-2 in Piraeus on Monday. Fenerbahçe, Football Association Cup holder and the current Turkish League leader, will have to defend its title this weekend at the home of one of the most fanatically supported teams in the country, when they play away at Trabzonspor's Avni Aker stadium.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01. Tuncay Şanlı. a. didn't score any goals. b. scored three goals. c. was full of warm and friendly feelings. d. has so far scored 29 goals. e. has so far scored 32 goals. Answer -- b --. 02 "To convert a penalty" means: a. to send the ball out, in other words, miss one's chance to score. 28.

(29) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ b. to level the score and thus to save the home side from defeat. c. to score a goal when a penalty has been awarded. d. to award a goal after a particularly nasty tackle. e. to leave it for another player to kick it. Answer -- c --. 03 Van Hooijdonk a. received a pass from Tuncay Şanlı. b. was dribbled past by two Olympiakos defenders. c. recorded four goals from close range. d. could and should have scored more goals. e. tackled Georgiou, the Olympiakos goal-keeper. Answer -- d --. 04 Anatolakis a. is a player who is expected to have a good scoring chance in all the games that his team plays. b. will play for Olympiakos Piraeus for two more years. c. is generally a very quarrelsome player. d. is going to complain to the FIFA because his previous team was relegated to the second division last season. e. didn't do any good to his team by getting sent off. Answer -- e --. 05 Fenerbahçe a. won the Football League Cup last year. b. will play this weekend in Istanbul. 29.

(30) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ c. is one of the most fanatically supported teams in the country. d. will no doubt be beaten in Trabzonspor's Avni Aker Stadium. e. has successfully defended its title against Olympiakos Piraeus. Answer -- a --. READING COMPREHENSION - 12. PARASITIC AND VIRUTIC DISEASES. Man, like other animals, is ever a host to a great number of parasites: foreign organisms which cling to the skin or live inside the body. Most of these parasites cause us little discomfort, but a few are responsible for serious parasitic diseases particularly in tropical countries. Malaria and sleeping sickness, for instance -- and these are caused by small protozoan parasites consisting of a single cell -- are still major causes of death in many parts of the world. Other parasitic diseases like schistosomiasis, which are due to much larger worm-like parasites, cause relatively few deaths, but they seriously affect the well-being of more than two hundred million people. In Western countries the parasites of man are relatively unimportant, although livestock are seriously affected. We are much more familiar with infectious diseases caused by very small organisms called microbes: the bacteria and viruses. To the biologist these microbes are also parasites. But the diseases that they cause are, for convenience, not referred to as parasitic. Not so many years ago, quite a number of the diseases caused by bacteria or viruses, like cholera, pneumonia, smallpox, and poliomyelitis were among the foremost causes of deaths in Western countries. Nowadays cases of some of these diseases are so rare that medical students should feel fortunate ever to see them. John Clegg, "The Immunology of Parasitic Diseases", Biology In Human Affairs.. 30.

(31) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01. Man. a. loves all other creatures of God. b. feeds, keeps, breeds and cares for his parasites. c. is the carrier of many parasites. d. behaves hospitably to his parasites. e. allows foreign organisms to cling to his skin. Answer -- c --. 02 Which of the following is not a parasitic disease? a. Sleeping sickness b. Protozoa c. Schistosomiasis d. Malaria e. None of the above is Answer -- b --. 03 Schistosomiasis a. has caused two hundred billion people to die. b. is caused by a parasite consisting of a single cell. c. likes parasites more than worms. d. is a parasitic disease. e. is itself a large parasite. 31.

(32) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ Answer -- d --. 04 Who or what is more likely to be affected by parasites in Western countries? a. Man b. Smallpox c. Livestock d. Microbes e. Schistosomiasis Answer -- c --. 05 The last sentence means: a. It is impossible in our day for a medical student to come across a case suffering from one of these diseases. b. Medical students are lucky not to see these diseases any more. c. There is no need to study these diseases any longer. d. Some of these diseases are so dangerous that even medical students should avoid studying them. e. Nowadays a medical student may not have an opportunity to study some of these diseases during his or her training. Answer -- e --. READING COMPREHENSION - 13. 32.

(33) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. THE HONEYMOON COUPLE. One must bear well in mind the fact -- for fact it is -- that compared with normal married life, the honeymoon is merely a playtime. The serious business of living together comes later. It is then that the real test begins. It should not be surprising, therefore, that so many people find their honeymoon delightful in almost every respect. The conditions, however, were then entirely favourable, which is very rarely the case in ordinary, everyday life. Thus, many of us look back on the happy times of our first days of marriage and sigh for their return. Facing the tedious daily routine, we compare them with our present-day feelings. No wonder that we feel cheated! We blame our marriage or our partners, failing to realize that the conditions were then totally different. A sound recognition of the real nature of the honeymoon would enable those who sigh for the return of the days gone-by to realize that they are simply longing for a holiday together in which they can be absorbed in each other just as they had been during their honeymoon. Well, there is nothing to prevent them from doing this, unless they have ceased to take as much interest in each other as they once did! Dr. Eustace Chesser, How to Make a Success of Your Marriage.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01 It is a fact that a. married life should always be modelled upon one's honeymoon. b. one's honeymoon is never as serious as one's marriage is. c. a happy honeymoon should always precede a happy marriage. d. the honeymoon has not much predictive value for a couple's subsequent married life. e. one's honeymoon is an authentic prelude to what is to follow. Answer -- d -33.

(34) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. 02 Couples a. should always remember their honeymoon as a perfect episode of happiness. b. would have an easier time together if only they could forget that their honeymoon was delightful in every respect. c. should create entirely favourable conditions for their honeymoon. d. must set realistic expectations concerning their married life. e. ought to enjoy their honeymoon as much as they can, because this is going to be the sole happy period in their lives together. Answer -- d --. 03 Why do we look back upon the happy times of our first days of marriage and sigh for their return? Because a. the disappointments of our later daily routine had then been away from us. b. we, as a couple, had a honeymoon together. c. conditions are entirely indifferent in our later life. d. we realize that the conditions are entirely different now. e. it is the same couple now facing the tedious daily routine. Answer -- a --. 04 The author suggests that we should a. always think of the days gone-by. b. immediately go on a honeymoon. c. be realistic in our desires and longings. d. cease to take as much interest in each other. e. stop preventing ourselves from having a holiday together. Answer -- c -34.

(35) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. 05 A suitable subtitle for the passage night be: a. What To Do On Your Honeymoon b. Now That Your Honeymoon Is Over c. Don't Ever Get Marrıed ! d. Tedious Daily Routine e. Why Not Get A Divorce Answer -- b --. READING COMPREHENSION - 14. A NECKLACE FOR MIRANDA. The woman in the shop put it on and it looked really pretty and expensive. It's only small stones, she said, but all very fine water and look at these Victorian designs. I remembered Miranda talking one day about how she liked Victorian things, so that did it. There was trouble about the cheque, of course. The woman wouldn't take it at first, but I got her to ring my bank and she changed her tune very quick. If I'd spoken in a la-di-la voice and said I was Lord Muck or something, I bet... Still I've got no time for that. It's funny how one idea leads to another. While I was buying the necklace I saw some rings and that gave me the plan I could ask her to marry me and if said no then it would mean I had to keep her. It would be a way out. I knew she wouldn't say yes. So I bought the ring. It was quite nice, but not very expensive. Just for show.. 35.

(36) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ When I got home I washed the necklace (I didn't like to think of it touching that other woman's skin) and hid it so that I could get it out at the correct time. Then I made all the preparations she said: there were flowers, and I put the bottles on the side-table, and laid out everything really grand hotel, with all the usual precautions, of course. We arranged I was to go down and fetch her at seven. After I took in the parcels I wasn't to see her, it was like it is before a wedding. What I decided was I would let her come up ungagged and untied just this once. I would take the risk but watch her like a knife and I would have the chloroform and CTC handy, just in case trouble blew up. Say someone knocked at the door, I could use the pad and have her bound up and gagged in the kitchen in a very short time, and then open up. John FOWLES, The Collector.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01. What the woman in the shop tried on for her customer, was. a. a Victorian design. b. a necklace. c. a ring. d. a scarf. e. an altered tune. Answer -- b --. 02 What gave the young man the idea that he could ask the girl to marry him? a. Some rings he saw in the shop. b. Buying the necklace. c. The fact that one idea leads to another. d. His suspicion that she would not say "Yes". e. His realization that he was so much in love with her. 36.

(37) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ Answer -- a --. 03 The name of the girl in the story is a. Victoria. b. CTC. c. Miranda. d. Lady Muck. e. We aren't told her name. Answer -- c --. 04 What do you think the relationship is between these two young people in the story? a. They are husband and wife, living in a country house. b. He is taking her out to a dance that evening. c. The man is really nuts. He is keeping her captive in a secret place. d. He is her doctor. She is a mental patient. e. They are lovers. They are hiding together. Answer -- c --. 05 The young man takes a number of precautions before he allows the young woman to come upstairs that evening. Which one of the following is not one of these? a. The fact that he has bought her a necklace. b. He keeps chloroform and CTC handy. c. He has decided to be extra careful against possible unexpected developments. d. He is ready to gag her up if anybody should unexpectedly come along and knock at the door. e. He knows that it isn't very likely, in any case, that anyone should visit the place. Answer -- a -37.

(38) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. READING COMPREHENSION - 15. A DISASTROUS DAY AT THE GABLES. Bessie worked for aunt Harriet for three years. During that time she so gained my aunt's confidence, that she was put in charge of the domestic staff. Aunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie's industry and efficiency. On top of all her other qualifications, Bessie was an expert cook as well. To put it in a nutshell, she acted the role of the perfect servant for three years before aunt Harriet discovered her "one little weakness"... Let me tell you the whole story now... After being absent from her country cottage for a week, my aunt unexpectedly returns one afternoon with a party of guests and instructs Bessie to prepare dinner. Not only is the meal, however, well below the usual standard, but also Bessie seems unable to walk steadily. She bumps into the furniture and keeps making mumbling remarks about the guests. When she comes in with the last course -- which is a huge pudding -- she trips on the carpet and the pudding goes flying through the air, narrowly missing my aunt, and crashing on the dining table with a considerable force. Despite the fact that this is considered great fun among the guests, aunt Harriet is horrified. She reluctantly comes to the sad conclusion that Bessie is drunk. The guests, needless to say, have realized this from the moment Bessie has opened the door for them and, long before this final catastrophe, they have had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement. Anyway, the poor girl is dismissed instantly. After her departure, aunt Harriet discovers piles and piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stored in what has once been her ideal servant's personal wardrobe. Apparently, they have somewhat mysteriously found their way up there from the wine-cellar! Story adapted from L.G. ALEXANDER'S, Question and Answer.. 38.

(39) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01 Aunt Harriet used to think that Bessie was a. a lazy drunkard. b. in charge of the domestic staff. c. the best servant she could ever find. d. an expert cook despite her one little weakness. e. acting the role of the perfect servant. Answer -- c --. 02 We understand that aunt Harriet a. is completely trustworthy. b. enjoyed entertaining unexpected visitors. c. often left The Gables on visiting other people. d. is a little too naive. e. was given to mumbling about the guests. Answer -- d --. 03 The guests a. had tried not to show that they were aware of the situation. b. reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk. c. had mysteriously found their way there from the wine-cellar. d. dismissed the poor girl instantly. e. didn't consider the situation funny. Answer -- a -39.

(40) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. 04 We may conclude from the passage that aunt Harriet a. is rather well-off and probably a widow. b. is an expert cook herself. c. hates wine. d. is always complaining about her servants. e. knows a lot about human nature. Answer -- a --. 05 A suitable title for the passage, by way of irony, might have been: a. An Expert Cook b. The Ideal Servant c. Guests for Dinner d. A Drunken Girl e. A Funny Day Answer -- b --. READING COMPREHENSION - 16. DISCUSSING THE HARVARD 40.

(41) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ CORE CURRICULUM. Part of the public pleasure in the Harvard report seems to arise from the expectation that a core curriculum will supply the undergraduates with the basic requirements of common learning. Like the popular support for some kind of minimal competency standards in secondary schools, the notion that the educated share a single set of facts and ideas is satisfyingly simple. There can be no doubt that it gratifies our need to perceive our society as a unified and consensual whole despite ample evidence to the contrary. Yet, The Report on the Core Curriculum expressly denies that it intends to supply us with any such common core: "We are definitely not proposing an identical set of courses viable for all students," they say: '"We do not think, anyway, that there is a single set of Great Books that every educated person must sooner or later read and master." Therefore, it must be stressed at the outset that those who would look to Harvard to define a body of knowledge common to all educated people are likely to be rather disappointed with the contents of this report. Adele SIMMONS, 'A Timid Reform, A Modest Advance", Harper's Magazine. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01 The Harvard Report On The Core Curriculum received a favourable response from the public, because a. there is widespread mistrust in the idea of a core curriculum. b. it solves, for once and all, the problem of basic requirements for undergraduate reading. c. of the minimal competency standards in secondary schools. d. they think this will mean a list of basic reading, proving that the society in which they live is a unified and consensual whole. e. the public believes in the high standards of the Harvard University. 41.

(42) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ Answer -- d --. 02 The notion of a core curriculum is interpreted by the ordinary citizen to mean a. a list of basic reading viable for all undergraduates. b. greater numbers of undergraduates being admitted to universities despite less public expenditure. c. an attempt to enlist popular support for minimal competency standards. d. basic minimal incompetency standards as in the secondary schools. e. that all undergraduates will be equally successful in developing their reading skills. Answer -- a --. 03 The author claims that people need to perceive society as a. having very high standards of learning. b. representing many conflicting views. c. satisfyingly simple. d. an integrated and unified whole. e. having ample evidence of instability. Answer -- d --. 04 The Report On The Core Curriculum a. has come up with a basic program of learning for all undergraduate students of Harvard University. b. advocates an identical set of courses for all students. c. defends that there is a set of great books that all educated persons must read. d. relies on the fact that everybody shares a common body of knowledge. e. is not proposing any one list of basic reading for all undergraduates to study and grasp sooner or later. Answer -- e -42.

(43) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. 05 The Harvard Report a. will disappoint everyone. b. looks to Harvard to define a body of common knowledge. c. must be appreciated by all educated people. d. is unduly ambitious in its professed aims. e. claims to be a modest effort toward improving teaching standards. Answer -- e --. READING COMPREHENSION - 17. THE MENOPAUSE. 43.

(44) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ The menopause is never a brief event in a woman's progression through life, but a condition to be endured from the moment the ovaries begin to dysfunction to the very last of her life. The fact is, as a woman's life span increases, so do the problems of the perimenopausal period. Disorders originating from the nervous system during this period were, in the past, attributed to nature's inability to rid the body of "evil influences". Today, novel concepts pertaining to the intricacies of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, however, give lie to such poetic speculations about the feminine mystique. Each and every woman must pass through three epochs in her progression through life. The first, from birth to adolescence, is in preparation for the second, the years of fertility. But the third ends her potential for reproduction. Thus, she enters the menopause, the permanent cessation of menstruation. Now, in her advancing years, she is protected from the many stresses and trials of child bearing, for which, unfortunately, she pays a price. For all the unwanted and undesirable developments during her perimenopausal years, the lessening of estrogen production by the ovaries is mainly responsible. R.B. GREENBLATT, A Modern Approach to the Perimenopausal Years.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01. The menopause is. a. a relatively short period in a woman's lifetime. b. is the third and ultimate period in a woman's life. c. the most significant event in every woman's life span. d. a condition to be endured from the moment a woman is born. e. an intricate disease connected with the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Answer -- b --. 02 ................ is/are just (a) poetic speculation. a. Theories about the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis 44.

(45) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ b. "Explanations" through a feminine mystique c. Telling lies to get rid of "evil influences" d. Every disaster originating from the nervous system e. Talking about Nature's unwillingness to come to terms with the problems of the perimenopausal years Answer -- b --. 03 Choose the correct statement: a. The menopause is a period of preparation for the ensuing years of fertility. b. Cessation of menstruation means a great potential for fertility. c. The female human animal goes through three phases in her life. d. Estrogen-producing glands work overtime during the menopause. e. A woman would not want to bear children once she enters she menopause. Answer -- c --. 04 Choose the incorrect statement: a. The fact that there is an insufficient level of estrogen production is mainly responsible for the developments during the menopausal period. b. When a woman enters the menopause, this means that she has ceased menstruating for good. c. In the old days, people used to offer mystical explanations for the expected natural developments during the menopause. d. Unfortunately, every woman pays a price by being protected from the many stresses and trials of childbearing. e. Detailed information on the complexities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis is a must if we want to understand the aetiology of the menopause. Answer -- d --. 05 A suitable subtitle for the passage might be: 45.

(46) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ a. A Woman's Regretful Feelings On Life b. How The Ovaries Function And Dysfunction c. A Brief Definition d. Evil influences And Cold Facts e. Poetic Speculation About The Feminine Mystique Answer -- c --. READING COMPREHENSION - 18. MEDIUM IS THE MESSAGE. When we think about the immediate and long-term effects of our Communications technologies, we must but begin with the immensely influential theories of Marshall McLuhan, whose efforts at understanding the media in the 1960's and 1970's dominated popular thinking in many countries and helped create the climate in which the new media age has flourished. It is twenty-five years now since the height of McLuhan's influence, but we still remember vividly how startling his formulations were and how much he seemed to promise in the name of the media. Mention McLuhan to anyone and there is an excellent chance that person will think, "Medium is the message." Not since Einstein and his famous formula has any intellectual been so linked with a single phrase. McLuhan's "Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man," published in 1964, outlined his theory of the impact of media both on culture and on our senses. Miles ORWELL, "Another Look At Marshall McLuhan", The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Review.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS: 46.

(47) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. 01. Marshall McLuhan. a. was an influential Communications technologist. b. has had a long-standing influence on how and what we think about the media. c. must be dominated in order to understand his influential theories. d. was very much influenced by the intellectual climate in many countries. e. has recently become somewhat unpopular. Answer -- b --. 02 "Mention McLuhan to anyone..." This means: a. If you just mention McLuhan's name to anyone. b. Go and tell the facts about McLuhan to everyone. c. You must remind of McLuhan to everyone. d. You mustn't hesitate to remind McLuhan's name to anyone. e. The expression is meaningless; it is a typing mistake. Answer -- a --. 03 Choose the correct statement: a. Einstein made us aware that medium was the message. b. McLuhan is at least as infamous as Einstein himself was. c. When we hear the statement, "Medium is the message," we immediately think of McLuhan. d. McLuhan, as an intellectual, is linked to Einstein by a single phrase. e. McLuhan outlined for us Einstein's theory of the impact of media both on culture and on our senses. Answer -- c -47.

(48) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. 04 Choose the correct statement: a. The new media age would not have flourished if it had not been dominated by McLuhan's immense influence. b. Marshall McLuhan died in the 1960's. It's been nearly half a century since his death. c. In our efforts to understand McLuhan's theories, we must not overlook how much he was influenced by the media. d. If you want people to believe that "Medium is the message," just mention McLuhan's name to them. e. Marshall McLuhan's name has taken its deserved place in the brief but glorious history of mass Communications. Answer -- e --. 05 According to the passage, one important aspect of the new media age McLuhan was particularly interested in was a. the technological problems in the Communications sector. b. Einstein and his famous formula [E=MC2]. c. popular thinking in many countries. d. how extensively people avoided the influence of the media. e. its effects on culture as well as on how we feel and think about everything. Answer -- e --. READING COMPREHENSION - 19. TWO GREAT TRADITIONS 48.

(49) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. The two most powerful and enduring ideas in American political culture are so deeply shared that we are unaware -- except, perhaps, when we visit other nations that have been shaped by quite dissimilar ideas -- how pervasive they are. One idea draws on that part of our Puritan heritage that attached a high value to the rationalization and moralization of society. The other draws on a tradition that, though still ancient, is about two centuries younger than the first: it is, of course, the theory of natural rights... Originally defined as the right to life, liberty and property, today it indicates a desire to maximize individual self-expression, and as such, it is understood in terms of the claims that the individual may make against society. Needless to say, these two intellectual and cultural traditions are to a certain extent in conflict. The more we extend the scope of individual rights, the harder it becomes to regulate and to improve the society, and vice versa. James 0. WILSON, "Intellectuals and Public Policy", The Public Interest.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01 The two intellectual traditions the passage tells us about are ............... in American political culture. a. very widespread b. now nonexistent c. morally degenerating d. pervasively misunderstood e. mutually inheritable Answer -- a --. 02 Americans, on the whole, 49.

(50) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ a. draw their most powerful and persistent ideas from Puritanism. b. display a bewildering variety of political views and beliefs across the country. c. frequently visit and criticise the other parts of the world. d. are still influenced by their Puritan past. e. share many of their political views with the other nations. Answer -- d --. 03 The theory of natural rights a. has the opposite meaning now of how it was originally understood. b. favours individualistic values when they are in conflict with the interests of the society. c. protects American society against the claims made by foreign individuals. d. defies the individual's rights to life, liberty and property. e. is a recent trend in American political culture. Answer -- b --. 04 These two intellectual and cultural traditions a. are in such an irreconciliably violent conflict that the entire structure of the society is in danger. b. need not be spoken about in vice-versa terms. c. regulate and improve the society according to individual preferences. d. have an inverse effect on one another to a certain degree. e. both go back to the very beginnings of American history. Answer -- d --. 05 A suitable alternative title for the passage might be: a. Intellectualism in The United States Of America 50.

(51) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ b. Conflicting Traditions Never Destroy A Society c. Rationalization And Moralization of Society d. On The Paradoxical Nature of American Political Culture e. In Support Of Individualism Versus Populism Answer -- d --. READING COMPREHENSION - 19. TWO GREAT TRADITIONS. The two most powerful and enduring ideas in American political culture are so deeply shared that we are unaware -- except, perhaps, when we visit other nations that have been shaped by quite dissimilar ideas -- how pervasive they are. One idea draws on that part of our Puritan heritage that attached a high value to the rationalization and moralization of society. The other draws on a tradition that, though still ancient, is about two centuries younger than the first: it is, of course, the theory of natural rights... Originally defined as the right to life, liberty and property, today it indicates a desire to maximize individual self-expression, and as such, it is understood in terms of the claims that the individual may make against society. Needless to say, these two intellectual and cultural traditions are to a certain extent in conflict. The more we extend the scope of individual rights, the harder it becomes to regulate and to improve the society, and vice versa. James 0. WILSON, "Intellectuals and Public Policy", The Public Interest.. 51.

(52) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01 The two intellectual traditions the passage tells us about are ............... in American political culture. a. very widespread b. now nonexistent c. morally degenerating d. pervasively misunderstood e. mutually inheritable Answer -- a --. 02 Americans, on the whole, a. draw their most powerful and persistent ideas from Puritanism. b. display a bewildering variety of political views and beliefs across the country. c. frequently visit and criticise the other parts of the world. d. are still influenced by their Puritan past. e. share many of their political views with the other nations. Answer -- d --. 03 The theory of natural rights a. has the opposite meaning now of how it was originally understood. b. favours individualistic values when they are in conflict with the interests of the society. c. protects American society against the claims made by foreign individuals. d. defies the individual's rights to life, liberty and property. 52.

(53) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ e. is a recent trend in American political culture. Answer -- b --. 04 These two intellectual and cultural traditions a. are in such an irreconciliably violent conflict that the entire structure of the society is in danger. b. need not be spoken about in vice-versa terms. c. regulate and improve the society according to individual preferences. d. have an inverse effect on one another to a certain degree. e. both go back to the very beginnings of American history. Answer -- d --. 05 A suitable alternative title for the passage might be: a. Intellectualism in The United States Of America b. Conflicting Traditions Never Destroy A Society c. Rationalization And Moralization of Society d. On The Paradoxical Nature of American Political Culture e. In Support Of Individualism Versus Populism Answer -- d --. READING COMPREHENSION - 20. 53.

(54) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________ THE IDEA OF A GOD THAT PLAYS DICE. The quantum theorists viewed the material world not as a continuum, but as distinct packets of energy. From some distance, a mound of wheat looks smooth and unbroken, but when we get closer we notice the discrete grains. So, too, the quantum theorists saw light as a rain of photons. They discovered that it was not possible to measure the position, the momentum or the energy of subatomic particles simultaneously and that any observation of subatomic reality would be distorted by the observer. The new physics, therefore, did not worry much about what atoms were. It was indeed more concerned with what the atoms did, that is, with their energy transitions. The quantum physicists proposed that, within the atom, it was the laws of statistics and probability that the behaviour of the particles followed. This also included a tendency toward a rather messy disorder. But we must admit that these theories, no matter how consistent they may be, imply such events that are forever unknowable and unpredictable. Even Einstein, whom Heinz R. Pagels calls "the last classical physicist," was disturbed. He could never accept the idea of "a God that plays dice." Younger scientists, however, do not share Einstein's discomfort. In our day, Newton's clockwork universe has definitely been replaced by a random universe. David M. BURNS, A Strange and Alien World.. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:. 01 The quantum physicists point out to the seemingly uniform appearance of a mound of wheat seen from a distance to exemplify the idea that a. packets of energy in reality are integrated into a continuum. b. we must get closer to the mound of wheat so that we may see how smooth and unbroken it is. c. a rain of photons is needed to make an observer to understand a physical reality. d. the World of appearances may not be the world of realities. e. the material world is more of a continuum than it was previously supposed. Answer -- d -54.

(55) By Dream_Cather joshua.ranad@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________________. 02 The quantum theorists discovered that a. subatomic particles are distorted by observational reality. b. one cannot measure the position, the momentum or the energy of subatomic particles separately. c. they should care more about what atoms are than they care about their energy transitions. d. the behaviour of subatomic particles is. best explained by referring to the laws of statistics and probability. e. nuclear physics has a preferential tendency toward a rather messy disorder. Answer -- d --. 03 Choose the correct interpretation: a. Events explained by quantum physics can never be predicted in time and space. b. Quantum physicists will always remain inconsistent about physical realities. c. If Einstein were alive today, he would hypothetically accept the idea of "a God that plays dice". d. It was classical physicists who developed the idea of a random universe. e. Quantum physics has proven once again how correct Newton's interpretation of a clockwork universe had been. Answer -- a --. 04 "A random universe" means: a. Orderly b. Simultaneous c. Energetic d. Hypothetical e. Unplanned Answer -- e -55.