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entrGeology and Evolution of the River Büyük Menderes, Western Anatolia, TurkeyBüyük Menderes Nehri’nin Jeolojisi ve Evrimi

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(1)Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni Geological Bulletin of Turkey. Cilt 54, SayÕ 1-2, Nisan-A÷ustos 2011 Volume 54, Number 1-2, April-August 2011. Büyük Menderes Nehri’nin Jeolojisi ve Evrimi Geology and Evolution of the River Büyük Menderes, Western Anatolia, Turkey  Nizamettin KAZANCI, Alper GÜRBÜZ, Sonay BOYRAZ Ankara Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliºi Bölümü, 06100 Tandoºan/Ankara (e-posta: Nizamettin.Kazanci@eng.ankara.edu.tr; agurbuz@eng.ankara.edu.tr; boyraz@eng.ankara.edu.tr). ÖZ ò›ò‡†‡”‡•‡Š”‹ȋȌ͸ͳͷ—œ—Ž—º—˜‡̱ʹͶͲͲͲʹŽ‹ƒƒ­Žƒƒ‹Ž‡‰‡‡‹œ‹ǯ‡†ÚòŽ‡ ‡ „ò›ò ƒƒ”•— ‘Ž—’ ƒ–Ç ƒ†‘Ž—ǯ— Œ‡‘‘”ˆ‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹‹ ‘Ž—痏—†ƒ ڐ‡Ž‹ ”‘Ž ‘›ƒÇç–Ç”Ǥ ‡Š”‹ ƒçƒºÇ›ƒ–ƒºÇò›ò‡†‡”‡• ”ƒ„‡‹ȋ Ȍǡ‘”–ƒ›ƒ–ƒºÇ‡‹œŽ‹ ”ƒ„‡‹ǡ›—ƒ”Ç›ƒ–ƒºÇ‹•‡ƒŽƒǦ‹ƒ”. ”ƒ„‡‹ ‹­‹†‡†‹”Ǥ ò–ò ›ƒ–ƒ „‘›— ƒǡ ‡º‹ Ç”ǍŽÇŽƒ”Ç ‘Žƒ ›‡”Ž‡” Šƒ”‹­ǡ ƒƒ ƒÇç ƒƒŽÇ ‡†‡”‡•Ž‹†‹”Ǥ çǔÇ „òòŽòŽòºò –ƒÇŽƒ›ƒ Ǯ‡†‡”‡•Ž‹ ƒƒŽ ȋmeandering channelȌǯ –‡”‹‹ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–ò”ò‡ „— ‡Š”‹ –ƒ”‹Š•‡Ž ƒ†Ç ǮMaiandros Fluǯ ‡•ƒ• ƒŽÇƒ”ƒ ò”‡–‹Ž‹ç–‹”Ǥ ò›ò ‡†‡”‡• ‡Ž–ƒ•Çǯ†ƒ‹ ȋ†‡Ž–ƒ ‘’Ž‡•‹Ȍ ‹ ‡Ž‡‡Ž‡”‹ ‘”–ƒ›ƒ ‘›†—º—ƒ ‰Ú”‡ǡ ǯ‹ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ ‰‡­‹ç‹ ‡­ Ž‡›‹•–‘•‡ǯ†‡ǡ •‘ ʹͷͲͲͲͲ ›ÇŽ ‹­‹†‡†‹”Ǥ ——Žƒ „‹”Ž‹–‡ǡ ƒ”ƒœ‹ ˜‡ •‘†ƒŒ „—Ž‰—Žƒ”Çǡ ‡•‹ ǯ‹ •‘ —œ—Ž.ƒºÇ•‘Žƒ”ǐƒƒ†ƒ” ‹­‹†‡•ÇÇ”ŽÇƒŽ†ÇºÇÇǡ„—‰òò›—ƒ”ǘ‡‘”–ƒ›ƒ–ƒ„ÚŽòò†‡ƒƒ”•— ›‡”‹‡ ‹‹ ƒ›”Ç •Çº ˜‡ ‰‡‹ç ‰ÚŽ ȋ ‡­ Ž‡›‹•–‘•‡ ƒ”ƒ›Ú› ڎò ˜‡ ƒŽƒ ڎòȌ „—Ž—†—º—— ‰Ú•–‡”‡–‡†‹”Ǥ ‡­ Ž‡›‹•–‘•‡ǯ†‡ òˆ‹ ˜‡ ‹ƒ”•—›— ƒŽƒ ڎò̵‡ †ÚòŽ‡–‡†‹”Ǥ ƒƒœ .ƒ›Ç ‹•‡ ƒ”ƒ›Ú› ‰ÚŽò‡ —ŽƒçÇç ˜‡ „—‰òò ‡‹Ú› — ‘ ƒŽƒ”Ç ‹Ž‡ –‡•‹Ž ‡†‹Ž‡ „ò›ò „‹” †‡Ž–ƒ ‘Ž—ç–—”—ç–—”Ǥ ڎŽ‡”ǡ ‘Ž‘•‡ „ƒçǐ†ƒ ƒ’ÇŽÇç ȋ„‘烎ÇçȌ ˜‡ ‰òòòœ†‡‹ ‡Š”‹ –‡ç‡òŽ ‡–‹ç–‹”Ǥ ‡‹ǯ‹ƒŽƒ˜‡ƒ”ƒ›Ú›‰ÚŽŽ‡”‹‹ƒ’ƒ•Çǡ†”‡ƒŒƒŽƒÇÇ˜‡–ƒçǐƒ–‘”–—Ž‹–ƒ”ǐǃ”–Ç”Ççǡ „—ƒ„ƒºŽÇ‘Žƒ”ƒ•‘†‡Ž–ƒ‹Ž‡”Ž‡‡•‹­‘ŠÇœŽÇ‰‡”­‡Ž‡ç‹ç–‹”Ǥ Anahtar kelimeler: ƒ”•—Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹ǡò›ò‡†‡”‡•‡Š”‹ǡ ‡­Ž‡›‹•–‘•‡ǡ—˜ƒ–‡”‡”ǡ‡Š‹”ƒ’ƒǡ‰ÚŽ. ABSTRACT The River Büyük Menderes (RBM) with the 615 km course and 24,000 km2 drainage area is the longest stream of not only Anatolia but also whole eastern Mediterranean region, which discharges into the Aegean Sea. It is also one of the driven elements on Quaternary morphology of western Anatolia. Upper course of the RBM places in the Baklan-Dinar Graben (BDG) while middle and lower courses are in Denizli Graben (DG) and Büyük Menderes Graben (BMG) respectively. It has a meandering channel along the longitudinal profile except for some short discontinuities. In fact, the term “meandering” channel in earth. . . ʹͷ. .

(2)  ‹œƒ‡––‹

(3) ǡŽ’‡” ooǡ‘ƒ›. sciences was originated from “Maiandros flu” the antic name of the RMB. Based on results obtained from the BM delta (delta complex), the life story of the BMR has been in the last 250,000 years correspond to late Pleistocene. However, field geology and core studies indicated that the old RBM was a short, limited stream at the BMG till last Glacial Stage. During that time middle and upper course were separate drainage basins containing two lakes called Sarayköy Lake and Baklan Lake respectively. The Kufi stream and the Dinar stream have been discharging into the Baklan lake during the Late Pleistocene, while the Banaz into the Sarayköy Lake producing a delta represented by the modern open-sand pits of Yeniköy. Lakes have been emptied by capture or back erosion and then large RBM could form in early Holocene. This capture increased significantly drainage area, water and sediment capacity of the new river, subsequently the uppermost part of the RBM delta complex occurred rapidly. Key words: River geology, River Büyük Menderes, late Pleistocene, Quaternary, river capture, lake. ڏò”Žò†ò” ˜‡ „ƒçŽƒ‰Ç­Žƒ”Ç ‡‘Œ‡ǯ‡ ƒ†ƒ” ‰‹†‡”Ǥ ‹” „ƒçƒ ‹ˆƒ†‡ ‹Ž‡ ‰òòòœ†‡‹ ‹çŽ‡›‹çŽ‡”‹‹Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ ‰‡­‹ç–‡†‡º‹ç‡”‡†‡˜ƒ ‡––‹”‹çŽ‡”†‹”Ǥ Y”‡º‹ ‘Ž‰ƒ ‡Š”‹ ƒœƒ” ‡‹œ‹ ’‡–”‘ŽŽ‡”‹‹ ”‡œ‡”˜—ƒ”Ç ‘Žƒ †‡Ž–ƒ›‹ ‹•–‹ˆŽ‡”‹‘Ž—ç–—”— —•—†—”Ǥ‡Ž–ƒŠƒ”ˆ‹ȋȟȌǡ†‡Ž–ƒ ‹•–‹ˆ‹ ˜‡ †‡Ž–ƒ –‡”‹‹‹ Ú‡‹ ‘Žƒ ‹Ž ‡Š”‹ǡ —œ— ڏò”Žò ƒƒ”•—Žƒ”ƒ „‹” †‹º‡” ڔ‡–‹”Ǥ —”ƒ›ƒ ƒ†ƒ” •ƒ›ÇŽƒ „ò–ò ڜ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡”ǡ ƒƒ”•—Žƒ”ǐ ‡†‹‡ ڜ‰ò Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ ‰‡­‹çŽ‡”‹ ‘Ž†—º——ǡ Š‡”„‹” ƒƒ”•—›— ‡†‹ ‡˜”‹‹ ­‡”­‡˜‡•‹†‡ ‡Ž‡ ƒŽÇƒ„‹Ž‡ ‡Ž‡”‹‹ ƒÇ–Ǧ Žƒ”džǔǤ. GGRGf ‘ ›òœ›ÇŽ†ƒ òˆ—• ƒ”–ÇçÇ ˜‡ –‡‘Ž‘Œ‹†‡‹ ‹Ž‡”Ž‡‡Ž‡”‡ „ƒºŽÇ ‘Žƒ”ƒ ƒƒ”•—Žƒ” ›‘º— ‹ ‡Ž‡‡Ž‡”‹‘—•—‘Ž—ç–—”Ǥò›ò›‡‡‡”Ǧ Œ‹ ‰‡”‡•‹‹‹ ȋ†‘Žƒ›Ç•Ç›Žƒ „ƒ”ƒŒŽƒ”ǐ ­‘ºƒŽƒǦ •ÇȌǡ ‹Ž‹ †‡º‹ç‹Ž‡”‹ ȋ—”ƒŽÇǡ –ƒçÇŽƒ”ǡ ­ÚŽŽ‡ç‡˜„‘Žƒ›Žƒ”Ȍǡ­‡˜”‡‹”Ž‹Ž‹º‹ȋ›‡”ò•–ò˜‡ ›‡” ƒŽ–Ç •—Žƒ”ǐǐ ‹”Ž‡‡•‹ǡ –‡‹œ •—›ƒ ‹Š–‹›ƒ­Ȍ ƒƒ”•—Žƒ”ǐ ڐ‡‹‹ ‰ò†‡ ‰ò‡ ƒ”–Ç”ƒ–ƒ†Ç”Ǥ ƒ–‡ ‰ò ‡Ž ˜‡ ‡•‹ ›‡”Ž‡ç‹Ž‡”‹­‘º—Ž—º—ƒƒ”•—Žƒ”ǐ‡ƒ”ǐ†ƒ ˜‡›ƒ ò•–ò†‡†‹” ˜‡ •—›ƒ ‰‡”‡•‹‹ Š‡’ ‘Žƒ‰‡Ž‹ç–‹” ȋ ƒ••ƒǡ ʹͲͲͶȌǤ ò›ò ‡Š‹”Ž‡”‹ ƒ–ǺÇ ˜‡›ƒ ‰‡­–‹º‹ ›‡”Ž‡”†‡‹ –‡•‹”Ž‡”‹ǡ ‡›†ƒƒ‰‡–‹”†‹º‹†‡º‹ç‡Ž‡”‡•‹†‡„‡”‹Š‡’ ‡”ƒ ‘—•— ‘Ž—ç–—” ȋ”‹†‰‡ǡ ʹͲͲ͵Ǣ ‹ƒŽŽǡ ʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ. ƒ”•— Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹ Š‡òœ ›‡‹ †‘ºƒǦ –ƒ†Ç”Ǥ ‡”­‹ ƒƒ”•—Žƒ” –ƒ”ƒˆÇ†ƒ ‘Ž—ç–—”—Žƒ ƒŽÇ˜‡›ƒ‹ ‡‹•–‹ˆŽ‡”‹‘”–ƒ•ƒŽ‹ ‡Ž‡‡•‹˜‡ ›‘”—Žƒ”Ç ‰ò˜‡Ž‹ ƒ›ƒŽƒ”ƒ „ƒºŽƒÇç–Ç” ȋڔǤ ‘ŽŽ‹•‘ ˜‡ ‡™‹ǡ ͳͻͺ͵Ǣ ‘ŽŽ‹•‘ǡ ͳͻͻ͸Ǣ ‹ƒŽŽǡ ͳͻͻ͸ȌǤ —”ƒ†ƒ ƒ•–‡†‹Ž‡ ‹•‡ „‹” ƒƒ”•—›— ‹Ž ‘”–ƒ›ƒ ­ÇÇçǐ†ƒ ‰òòòœ‡ ƒ†ƒ” ‰‡­‹”†‹º‹ †‘ºƒŽ †‡º‹ç‹Ž‡”‹ –òò†ò”Ǥ G ‡Ž‡‡›‡ ƒƒ”•—›— 狏†‹‹ ŠƒŽ‹†‡ „ƒçŽƒ›ƒ”ƒ ‡•‹ œƒƒŽƒ”ƒ †‘º”— ‹Ž‡”Ž‡‡ †ƒŠƒ —›‰—†—”Ǥ — ›ƒŽƒçǏ†ƒ ƒƒ”•—Žƒ”ǐ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ ‰‡­‹çŽ‡”‹‹ ‰Ú”‡ ‡Ž‹ Ç•ƒ ‘Ž†—º—ǡ ‡•‡”‹•‹‹ —˜ƒ–‡”‡”ǯ†‡ ›‘º—Žƒç–ǺÇ •Ú›Ž‡‡„‹Ž‹”Ǥ — †‘º”—†—”ǡ ƒ ƒ „ò›ò ò­ò Š‡” ƒƒ”•— ڐ‡Ž‹†‹” ˜‡ ‰‡­‹ç‹‹ ‘”–ƒ›ƒ. — †Ú‰ò•òò „‹” ’ƒ”­ƒ•Ç ‘Žƒ ƒƒ”•—Žƒ”ǡ ›‡”›òœòò 燍‹ŽŽ‡†‹”‡ ‡–‡Ž‡”‹ „ƒçǐ†ƒ ‰‡Ž‹”Ǥ ›Ç œƒƒ†ƒ ڐ‡Ž‹ –‘”–—Ž –ƒçǏƒ ˜‡ †‡’‘Žƒƒ ‘”–ƒŽƒ”džǔǤ ‡–‘Ǧ ‹œƒÇ›‡”›òœò‡‡–‹Ž‡”‹‹‰Ú”òò”ÇŽƒ”Žƒ”Ǥ ƒ”ƒ––ǍŽƒ”Ç ƒƒ­Žƒƒ ƒºÇ ‹Ž‡ òœ‡”‹†‡ „—Ž—Ǧ †—Žƒ”Ç Ž‹–‘Ž‘Œ‹‹ ˆ‹œ‹•‡Ž ˜‡ ‹›ƒ•ƒŽ †ƒ›ƒǦ ÇŽƒ”ǐÇ ‘”–ƒ›ƒ ­Çƒ”Ç”Žƒ” ȋŠ‘”Ž‡› ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ͳͻͺͶȌǤ .‡˜”‡ 烔–Žƒ”ǐƒ —›ƒ”ƒ ‡†‹Ž‡”‹‡ ڜ‰ò †‡Ž–ƒǡ –ƒçÇ †òœŽòºòǡ „ƒ–ƒŽÇŽƒ” –‡ç‹Ž ‡†‡”Ž‡” ȋ”‹†‰‡ǡ ʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ ƒœÇŽƒ”Ç —œ— . . ʹ͸.

(4) Büyük Menderes Nehri'nin Jeolojisi ve Evrimi. „Ç”ƒ–ǍŽƒ”Ç ‘”–ƒ†ƒ†Ç”Ǥ ‡˜ —– ­ƒŽÇ珃†ƒ †‡º‹‹Ž‡ ‘—Žƒ” —›‰—ŽƒƒŽÇ ‘Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡ ƒŽÇÇç–Ç”Ǥ — ­ƒŽÇ珃Ç ƒƒ Ç ò›ò ‡†‡”‡• ‡Š”‹ǯ‹ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ ‹ ‡Ž‡‡•‹‹ ›ƒ’ƒǡ ƒ›ƒ ƒŽƒ†ƒ †‡‹œ‡ †ÚòŽ†òºò ›‡”‡ ƒ†ƒ” ‰‡­‹”†‹º‹ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ ‡˜”‹‹ ‘”–ƒ›ƒ ‘›ƒ–Ç”Ǥ. ‘—Žƒ•Ç ‰‡”‡‹”Ǥ GŽƒ˜‡–‡ǡ ‡Š‹”Ž‡”‹ ‰ò†‡Ž‹ Šƒ›ƒ––ƒ‹ ڐ‡Ž‡”‹ •‡„‡„‹›Ž‡ǡ ƒƒ”•— Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹ ›‡”„‹Ž‹Ž‡”‹ ‹Ž‡ –‘’Ž— ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒ „‹Ž‹•‡Ž „ƒº ‘Ž—ç–—”ƒ ƒ–Ç”Ǥ ƒŽ†Ç ‹ǡ —˜ƒ–‡”‡”ǯ‹ •ÇÇ”ǐǐ ʹǡ͸ ‹Ž›‘ ›ÇŽƒ ‰‡‹çŽ‡–‹Ž‡•‹ ȋƒœƒ Çǡ ʹͲͲͻȌǡ ƒœÇ•ƒƒǦ ƒ›ƒ ƒ „‹” ‘Ž—痏 œƒƒÇ ‘Ž†—º—— ‹çƒ”‡– ‡†‡”Ǥ. ò›ò ‡†‡”‡• ‡Š”‹ ȋȌ ƒ–Ç ƒ†‘Ž—ǯ— ‡ „ò›ò ƒƒ”•—›—†—” ˜‡ ‰‡‹ç „‹” ƒƒ­Žƒƒ ƒºÇƒ •ƒŠ‹’–‹” ȋf‡‹Ž ͳǡ ʹȌǤ ÇçÇ „‘›— ƒ ‡–”ƒˆÇ†ƒ ­‘ ‡•‹†‡ „‡”‹ „ò›ò ›‡”Ž‡ç‹ ›‡”Ž‡”‹ —”—Ž—ç–—” ȋڔǤ —‡‹ƒǡ ”‹’‘Ž‹•ǡ ƒ‘†‡‹ƒǡ ‹‡”‘’‘Ž‹•ǡ ”‹‡ǡ ‹Ž‡–‘•ȌǤ — †—”— ›Ú”‡‹ ˜‡ ǯ‹ ƒ”‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ ڐ‡‹‹ ƒ”–Ç”Çç ˜‡ ƒ†‡–ƒ òŽ–ò”‡Ž ‡”‡œ ‘Žƒ•ÇÇ •ƒºŽƒÇç–Ç”Ǥ ‡†‡”‡• ƒ•‹ˆ‹ǯ‹ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹‡˜”‹‹ǡ—ºŽƒ˜‡›ƒƒ–Ç‘”‘•ƒ’Žƒ”Ç ‹Ž‡ ‰‡Ǧ†‡‹œǯ‹ ‘Ž—痏 •‘”—Žƒ”Çǡ ›Ú”‡ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹‹ Š‡” œƒƒ ‹Ž‰‹­ ÇŽÇçǡ •‘ ›ÇŽŽƒ”ƒ †‘º”— ƒ”–ƒ ›‘º—Ž—–ƒ ­‘­ƒ –ƒ”–ÇçǎÇç–Ç”Ǥ Yœ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡ǡ„ÚŽ‰‡‹•‹•‹„ƒÇ†ƒƒ–‹ˆŽ‹º‹˜‡ ‡Š”‹„ò›ò‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡”‹­‹‡›‡”Ž‡ç‹ç‘Žƒ•Çǡ ›Ú”‡›‹ ˜‡ ǯ‹ ‹Ž‰‹ ‘†ƒºÇ ŠƒŽ‹‡ ‰‡–‹”‹ç ˜‡ ’‡ ­‘ ­ƒŽÇ珃Ç ›ƒ’ÇŽƒ•Çƒ ›‘Ž ƒ­Çç–Ç”Ǥ  ­‘ –ƒ”–Ççǎƒ Š—•—• ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡”‹ ƒ­ÇŽƒ œƒƒÇ ˜‡ ‡ƒ‹œƒ•Ç ŠƒÇ†ƒ†Ç” ȋڔǤ ‡›‹–‘ºŽ— ˜‡  ‘––ǡ ͳͻͻͳǡ ͳͻͻʹǢ ‡•–ƒ™ƒ›ǡ ͳͻͻͶǢ ǎƒœ ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ʹͲͲͲǢ ‡›‹–‘ºŽ— ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ʹͲͲʹǢ ‘œ—”–ǡ ʹͲͲͲǢ ʹͲͲ͵Ǣ ƒ”Ç ƒǡ ʹͲͲͲǢ —”˜‹•˜‡‘„‡”–•‘ǡʹͲͲͷǢ‘Œƒ›˜‡†‹ºǤǡʹͲͲͷǢ f‡ ˜‡ ‡›‹–‘ºŽ— ʹͲͲͻǢ ò”‡” ˜‡ †‹ºǤ ʹͲͲͳǡ ʹͲͲͻǢ ò”„òœ ˜‡ †‹ºǤ ʹͲͳʹ ˜‡ „—Žƒ”†ƒ‹ †‡º‹‡Ž‡”ȌǤ — ­ƒŽÇ珃Žƒ”ǐ •‘—­Žƒ”Ç Ǯڎ‰‡•‡Ž –”ƒ–‹‰”ƒˆ‹ ˜‡ ‘”ˆ‘–‡–‘‹ǯ „ÚŽòò†‡˜‡”‹Ž‡ ‡–‹”Ǥڎ‰‡‹‘”ˆ‘Ž‘Œ‹˜‡ ‘º”ƒˆ‹ ڜ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡”‹ǡ –ƒ”Ǐ ˜‡ —ŽŽƒƒ •—›— ‰‡”‡Ž‹Ž‹º‹ ˜„ •‡„‡’Ž‡”Ž‡ǡ  ›ƒŽÇœ ‰òòòœ†‡ †‡º‹Ž ‡•‹Ž‡”†‡ †‡ †‹ƒ– ­‡‡•‹ ­‡ç‹–Ž‹ ƒ”ƒç–Ç”ƒŽƒ”ƒ ‘— ‡†‹Ž‡•‹‡ •‡„‡’ ‘Ž—ç–—” ȋڔǤ ›‘Žǡ ͳͻͶ͹Ǣ ‘Žœ‡”ǡ ͳͻͷ͵Ǣ ”‹­ǡͳͻͷ͹ǢGǡͳͻ͹ͷǢ ڐ‡›ǡͳͻ͹ͷȌǤǯ‹ †‡‹œ‹ †‘Ž†—”ƒ•Çǡ †‡‹œ •‡˜‹›‡•‹ †‡º‹ç‹Ǧ Ž‡”‹‹ ‡Š”‹ ƒçƒºÇ ›ƒ–ƒºÇ òœ‡”‹†‡‹ ‡–‹Ž‡”‹. ƒ”•—Žƒ”ǐ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ ‹ ‡Ž‡‡•‹‹ ȋჍƒ”•—Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹Ȍڐ烔–Çǡ‡Ž‡ƒŽÇƒ ƒ‡Š”‹ –‘”–—Ž †‡’‘ŽƒÇç ˜‡ „— –‘”–—ŽŽƒ”ǐ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ ‰‡­‹ç ŠƒÇ†ƒ „‹Ž‰‹ ˜‡”‡ ‡ 燍‹Ž†‡ ‹•–‹ˆŽ‡‹ç‘Žƒ•Ç†Ç”Ǥ‘”–—Ž„‹”‹‹‹‘Žƒƒ•Ç ›‡”„‹Ž‹•‡Ž ˜‡”‹ ‡•‹Ž‹º‹†‹”Ǥ —— ‹­‹ ›ƒ ›‡–‡”‹ ‡ •ò”‡ ‰‡­‡‹ç–‹”ǡ ›ƒ –‘”–—Ž „‹”‹‹‹ ‹­‹ —›‰— Š‹†”‘†‹ƒ‹ ‘ç—ŽŽƒ” ›‘–—” ˜‡›ƒ Žƒ•‹ƒŽƒ†ƒ„‹”ƒƒ”•—‰‡Ž‹ç‡‹ç–‹”Ǥ‡Ž‹”Ž‹ „‹” ›ƒ–ƒºÇ ‹œŽ‡›‡”‡ ƒƒ •—Žƒ”ƒ Ǯƒƒ”•—ǯ ˜‡›ƒ Ǯ‡Š‹”ǯ ƒ†Ç ˜‡”‹Ž‹”‡ ‰Úœ‡–‹Ž‡ Š—•—•ǡ ‹­‹†‡‹ •—›—‡˜•‹•‡Žǡ‰‡­‹ ‹˜‡›ƒ†ƒ‹‹‘Ž—ç—†‡º‹Žǡ ›ƒ–ƒºÇÇ „‡Ž‹”Ž‹ ˜‡Ȁ˜‡›ƒ ƒŽÇ Ç ‘Žƒ•Ç ‡•ƒ• ƒŽÇÇç–Ç”Ǥ ƒ”•— ›ƒ–ƒºÇ ȋƒƒȌ ›ƒ ƒƒ”•—›— ‡†‹•‹ –ƒ”ƒˆÇ†ƒ –ƒœ‹ ‡†‹Ž‹ç–‹”ǡ ›ƒ †ƒ ‹­‹‡ ›‡”Ž‡ç–‹º‹ ˜ƒ†‹ ›ƒ–ƒºÇ „‡Ž‹”Ž‡‹ç–‹”Ǥ ƒœ‡ „‹”‹‹Ž‹ ȋ–‘”–—Ž „—Ž—†—”ƒȌǡ „ƒœ‡ ƒçǐ†Ç”ƒŽÇ ‘Žƒ ›ƒ–ƒǡ ‘º”ƒˆ›ƒÇ „‹” ’ƒ”­ƒ•Ç†Ç” ˜‡ †‘Žƒ›Ç•Ç›Žƒ ‡˜”‹Ž‡ç‡ •ò”‡ ‹ǡ ‘—Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹‰‡­‹ç‹†‹”Ǥ ƒ”•— Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹‹ Ǯ„ò›ò ‡Š‹”Ž‡”‡ǯ —›‰—Žƒƒ ƒ „‹” ‹ ‡Ž‡‡ ›Ú–‡‹ ‰‹„‹ †òçòòŽ‡•‹ •Úœ ‘—•— ‹•‡ †‡ǡ ‡Š‹”Ž‡”†‡‹ Ǯ„ò›òŽòǯ ƒ˜”ƒÇ Š‡’ –ƒ”–Ççǎǔ ‘Ž—ç–—”Ǥ Y”‡º‹ ‹ƒŽŽ ȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍ –ƒÇŽƒƒ•Ç†ƒ —œ—Ž—º—ͳͲͲͲ˜‡†ƒŠƒˆƒœŽƒ‘ŽƒŽƒ”Ǯ„ò›ò ‡Š‹”Ž‡”ǯ †‹”Ǥ ƒœÇ ƒ”ƒç–Ç”Ç ǎƒ” Ç–ƒ ڎ­‡º‹†‡ ƒƒ­Žƒƒ ƒºÇ ‘Žƒ ‡Š‹”Ž‡”‡ǡ „ƒœÇŽƒ”Ç ‹•‡ ‘”‘Œ‡‹ —烍Žƒ”ǐ ƒƒ­Žƒƒ•ÇÇ ›ƒ’ƒ ‡Š‹”Ž‡”‡ Ǯ„ò›òǯ ›ƒÇç–Ç”ƒ•Ç ›ƒ’ƒ–ƒ†Ç” ȋ‹ƒŽŽǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤò›òƒƒ”•—Žƒ”—œ—ڏò”Žò˜‡ ƒŽÇ ‹•–‹ˆŽ‡”‡ •ƒŠ‹’ ‘Žƒ„‹Ž‹”Ž‡”Ǥ ——Žƒ „‡”ƒ„‡”ǡ –‘”–—Ž †‡’‘Žƒ›ƒ „ò–ò ƒƒ”•—Žƒ”ǐ ڐ‡Ž‹ ‘Ž†—º—ǡ †‘ºƒ›ƒ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ ‹œŽ‡”‹‹. . . ʹ͹.

(5)  ‹œƒ‡––‹

(6) ǡŽ’‡” ooǡ‘ƒ›. fekil 1Ǥ ‰‡ ڎ‰‡•‹̵‹ ‰‡‡Ž –‡–‘‹ †—”—— ȋƒȌǡ ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡” ȋ„Ȍ ˜‡  ƒƒ­Žƒƒ ƒŽƒÇ†ƒ‹ –‡‡Ž ƒ›ƒ ‰”—’Žƒ”Çȋ ȌǤ Figure 1. Simplified tectonic setting (a) and grabens (b) and basic rock groups (c) in the drainage area of the RBM and Aegean region.. . . ʹͺ. .

(7) Büyük Menderes Nehri'nin Jeolojisi ve Evrimi. BÜYÜK MENDERES NEHRG. ŠƒÇ†ƒ †ƒ ‘Ž†—­ƒ ‰‡‹ç „‹Ž‰‹ ˜ƒ”†Ç” ȋ„œ ”‹­ǡ ͳͻͷͷǢ ͳͻ͹ͺǢ ڐ‡›ǡ ͳͻ͹͵Ǣ ”‘Žǡ ͳͻ͹͸Ǣ •— ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ͳͻͺ͹Ǣ  Š”Ú†‡” ˜‡ ƒ›ǡ ͳͻͻ͸Ǣ ”— ‡”ǡ ͳͻͻ͹Ǣ ƒ›‡‡œ ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ͳͻͻͻǢ —ŽŽ‡Š‘ˆˆ ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ʹͲͲͶǢ ƒœƒ Ç ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ʹͲͲͻȌǤ Yœ‡–Ž‡ǡ ƒ–Ç ƒ†‘Ž—ǡ ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡” ˜‡ „—”ƒ†ƒ‹ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ ‘Žƒ›Žƒ” ›‘º— 燍‹Ž†‡ ‡Ž‡ ƒŽÇÇç–Ç”Ǥ ——Žƒ „‡”ƒ„‡”ǡ †‘º”—†ƒ ƒƒ”•—›—Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹òœ‡”‹†‡ǡ›ƒ‹ǡǯ‹‹Ž ‘Ž—痏—†ƒ „— ›ƒƒ ‰‡­‹”†‹º‹ †‡º‹ç‡Ž‡” ŠƒÇ†ƒ ›‡–‡”Ž‹ ˜‡ –‘’Ž— „‹Ž‰‹ ›‘–—”Ǥ — ­ƒŽÇ珃†ƒ ڐ ‡ ǯ‹ ‘”ˆ‘Ž‘Œ‹ ڜ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡”‹ ‘”–ƒ›ƒ ‘—Žƒ ƒǡ •‘”ƒ –‘”–—ŽŽƒ”ǐƒ „ƒºŽÇ ‘Žƒ”ƒŒ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹‡˜”‹‹–ƒ”–Ççǎƒ ƒ–Ç”Ǥ. ǡ›‡”‡Žƒ›Ç–Žƒ”ƒ‰Ú”‡‹ƒ”‹­‹†‡†‘ºƒ”ǡ •Ç”ƒ•Ç›Žƒòˆ‹.ƒ›Çǡƒƒœ.ƒ›Çǡ.ò”ò•—ǡ­ƒ›ǡ .‹‡ .ƒ›ÇǯÇ ƒŽƒ”ƒ –ƒ”‹Š‹ ‹Ž‡– ‡–‹ ›ƒÇŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ ‰‡ ‡‹œ‹ǯ‡ †ÚòŽò” ȋf‡‹Ž ʹǡ ͶȌǤ G ȋͳͻ͹ͷȌ ˜‡ G ȋͳͻͻ͵Ȍ ƒ›Ç–Žƒ”ǐƒ ‰Ú”‡ —œ—Ž—º—ͷͺͶǡ•—–‘’ŽƒƒƒŽƒÇʹͶ͵ͲͲʹ †‹” ȋf‡‹Ž ʹȌǤ ‘º—†ƒ ‹ƒ” —­ÇƒÇǯ†ƒ „ƒçŽƒ›Ç’ ›ƒŽƒçǍ ͳͻ  ƒ†ƒ” ‹Ž‡”‹†‡ ڍ ڎ ˜‡ ͻ  •‘”ƒ

(8) çǍŽÇ ڎòǯ‡ ‰‹”‡” ȋ

(9) çǍŽÇ. ڎòǯ‡ ƒ†ƒ” ‘Žƒ Ç•Ç ‹ƒ”•—›— ‘Žƒ”ƒ †ƒ „‹Ž‹‹”ȌǤ ‘Ž‘•‡ǯ†‡ „— ›ƒƒǡ „—Ž—†—º— ›‡” ˜‡ Ç•‡

(10) çǍŽÇ ƒ”•–‹ ƒ›ƒºÇÇ ‘Ž—ç–—”Ǧ †—º— „‹” „ƒ–ƒŽÇ ‘Žƒ „— „ÚŽ‰‡ ȋ

(11) •ƒ‡Žǡ ʹͲͲͻȌǡ ͳͻͷʹ ˜‡ ͳͻ͹ʹǯ†‡ •—Žƒƒ ˜‡ †”‡ƒŒ.  fekil 2Ǥò›ò‡†‡”‡•‡Š”‹ƒƒ­ŽƒƒƒºÇǡƒƒ˜‡›ƒ‘ŽŽƒ”ÇȋƒçƒºÇǡ‘”–ƒ˜‡›—ƒ”Ç›ƒ–ƒȌǤ Figure 2. Drainage network, main channel and branches of the River Büyük Menderes (lower, medial and upper courses).. . . ʹͻ. .

(12)  ‹œƒ‡––‹

(13) ǡŽ’‡” ooǡ‘ƒ›. –ƒ”‹Š–‡‹ ƒ†Ç ǮMaiandros fluǯ †ƒ ò”‡–‹Ž‡ ȋ–”ƒ„‘ǡ ‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ƒ

(14) Ȍ ǮmeanderingǦ ‡†‡”‡•Ž‹ƒƒŽǯǡ„—ƒçǔÇ„òŽòŽò›ƒ–ƒŽƒ”ǐ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–ò”ò†‡ —ŽŽƒÇŽƒ ‹•‹ ‘Ž—ç–—” ȋ— ‹•‹ Ú‡‹‡ ›ƒ„ƒ Ç ƒ›ƒŽƒ”†ƒ ˆƒœŽƒ ”ƒ•–Žƒƒœǡ ò” ›‡”„‹Ž‹ ‹Ž‡”‹ †ƒŠƒ ­‘ ˜—”‰—ŽƒƒŽƒ”Ç ‰‡”‡‹”ȌǤ GŽ‡”‹‹ „ÚŽòŽ‡”†‡ „— ‘Ž—痏Žƒ”ǐ •‡„‡’Ž‡”‹ ˜‡ ǯ‹ ‘”ˆ‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹ ŠƒÇ†ƒ†ƒŠƒ‰‡‹ç„‹Ž‰‹Ž‡”˜‡”‹Ž‡ ‡–‹”Ǥ. ƒƒ ǛŽƒ ›ƒ’ÇŽƒ •‡–Ž‡”Ž‡ „ò›ò „‹” ‰ÚŽ ŠƒŽ‹‹ ƒŽÇç–Ç” ȋ

(15) çǍŽÇ ڎòǢ ͸ͷ ʹȌǤ —”ƒ†ƒ ›—ƒ”džƒ‹ ›ƒ–ƒºÇ†ƒ ȋ‹ƒ”•—›—Ȍ ‡˜•‹Ž‹ •— „—Ž—ƒ ǯ‹ ƒ•ÇŽ „‡•Ž‡›‹ ‹ ˜‡ †ƒ‹‹ •— ƒ›ƒºÇ

(16) çǍŽÇ ڎòǯ†ò”Ǥ

(17) çǍŽÇ ڎòǯò ­ÇÇç ƒ›ƒºÇ ‘Žƒ ǡ .‹˜”‹Ž ‘˜ƒ•ÇÇ ‰‡­–‹–‡ •‘”ƒ ƒŽƒ ‘˜ƒ•ÇÇ ‘”–ƒŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ ‰ò‡›„ƒ–Ç›ƒ †Ú‡”ǡ†ƒ”˜‡‡º‹Ž‹„‹”„‘ºƒœÇ‰‡­‡”ȋ ƒçƒ–„‡Ž‹ „‘ºƒœÇȌ ˜‡ .ƒŽ ‹Ž­‡•‹ ‹˜ƒ”ǐ†ƒ ͸Ͳ  †‡”‹Ž‹Ž‹ ‰ÚòŽò ˜ƒ†‹†‡ ƒƒ”Ǥ — ˜ƒ†‹†‡ ­ÇÇçǐ†ƒ ȋƒ”Ǎƒ›ƒ ‘ºƒœÇȌ ›‹‡ „‹” ‡º‹ Ç”ǍŽÇºÇƒ —º”ƒ”˜‡͹ǯŽ‹„‹”燎ƒŽ‡‘Ž—ç–—”—”ȋ.‹œ‡Ž‰‡ͳȌǤ.  òœ‡”‹†‡ „‡Ž‹”Ž‹ ‹•–ƒ•›‘Žƒ”†ƒ ͳͻͷͲǯ†‡ „— ›ƒƒ †òœ‡Ž‹ ‘Žƒ”ƒ •—ǡ ͳͻͺͷǯ†‡ „— ›ƒƒ •— ƒŽ‹–‡•‹ ˜‡ ˜‡ •‡†‹‡– ‰ÚœŽ‡Ž‡”‹ ›ƒ’ÇŽƒ–ƒ ‘Ž—’ǡ „ÚŽ‰‡‹ ‹Ž‹‹ǡ •— ”‡Œ‹‹ ˜‡ ‡”‘œ›‘ †—”—— ŠƒÇ†ƒ ‰ò˜‡‹Ž‹” ˜‡”‹Ž‡” ‡˜ —––—”ȋGǡͳͻͺ͹ǢʹͲͲ͵ǢGǡͳͻͺ͸ǢʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ. Çizelge 1.ǯ‹ˆƒ”ŽÇ„ÚŽ‰‡Ž‡”†‡›ƒ–ƒ‡º‹‹Ǥ Table 1. Bed slopes of the RBM in different positions.. òˆ‹.ƒ›Ç„‘›— ƒ. Ωͻ. ‹ƒ” ”ƒ„‡‹. Ωʹͷ. .ƒŽǦƒ”ƒ›Ú›ƒ”ƒ•Ç. Ωͺ. ƒ”ƒ›Ú›Ǧڍ‡. Ωͳʹ. ڍ‡Ǧ‰‡‡‹œ‹. ΩͶ. ƒ›ƒ–ƒ†‡‹œ‡‘”–ƒŽƒƒ. Ωʹ. BÖLGESEL STRATGGRAFG VE MORFOTEKTONGK  ƒƒ ˜‡ ›ƒ ‘ŽŽƒ”Ç „ò›ò ڎ­ò†‡ ‡–ƒ‘”ˆ‹ ˜‡ ”‹•–ƒŽ‡ ƒ›ƒŽƒ” ‹Ž‡ ‡œ‘œ‘›‹ ˜‡ ‡‘Œ‡ „‹”‹Ž‡”‹ òœ‡”‹†‡ „—Ž——”Ǥ ƒ­Žƒƒ ƒŽƒÇ†ƒ „—Žƒ”†ƒ „ƒçƒ ‡‘Œ‡ ˜‘Žƒ‹ ˜‡ ˜‘Žƒ‹Žƒ•–‹Ž‡”‹ ƒœ †ƒ ‘Ž•ƒ ›‡” ƒŽÇ” ȋf‡‹Ž ͳǡ ͵ȌǤ ”‹•–ƒŽ‡ ˜‡ ‡–ƒ‘”ˆ‹ ƒ›ƒŽƒ” ‡†‡”‡• ƒ•‹ˆ‹ ˜‡ ڔ–ò ƒ›ƒŽƒ”Ç ‘Žƒ”ƒ –ƒÇŽƒƒ–ƒ†Ç” ȋ ‘Žœ‡”ǡ ͳͻͷ͵Ǣ Šƒ’—–ǡͳͻ͹͸Ǣ†‡‹œ˜‡†‹ºǤǡͳͻͺ͸Ǣ‘ƒ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ͳͻͺ͸Ǣ ‘”ƒ ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ͳͻͻʹǢ f‡‡Žǡ ͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ —Žƒ” ­‘º—Ž—Žƒ ‡Š”‹ †‡‹œ‡ †ÚòŽ†òºò ›‡”†‡ ‹–‹„ƒ”‡ǡ ›ƒŽƒçǍ ͳͺͲ  †‘º—›ƒ †‘º”—ǡ —Šƒ”‡– ‹˜ƒ”ǐƒ ƒ†ƒ” ‰‡‹ç „‹” ƒŽƒ†ƒ ›òœ‡›Ž‡›‡ ƒ›ƒ ƒ›ƒ ‘—Ǧ —†ƒ†Ç”Žƒ”Ǥ —Žƒ”ƒ ›ƒ•ŽÇ ‘Žƒ”ƒ ‡‘Œ‡ „‹”‹Ž‡”‹‡˜ —––—”ȋf‡‹ŽͷǦ͹ȌǤǯ‹ƒçƒºÇ Ç•ÇŽƒ”ǐÇ‘Ž—ç–—”ƒ„—‡•‹†‡†ƒŠƒ‰‡”‹›‡ †‘º”— ‡œ‘œ‘›‹ ˜‡ ‡‘Œ‡ ›ƒçŽÇ „‹”‹Ž‡”‹ ƒŽƒ †ƒºÇŽÇŽƒ”Ç ˆƒœŽƒŽƒçǔ ȋf‡‹Ž ͳȌǤ Yœ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡ ‡‹œŽ‹ǡ.ƒŽǡ.‹˜”‹Žǡ‹ƒ”›Ú”‡Ž‡”‹†‡ƒœ‘”ƒ†ƒ ‡œ‘œ‘›‹ ‘ˆ‹›‘Ž‹– ˜‡ ƒ”„‘ƒ–Žƒ”Ç ‹Ž‡ „‹”Ž‹–‡ ”‡ǡ ”–ƒ ˜‡ ‡­ ‡‘Œ‡ –‘”–—ŽŽƒ”Ç ›ƒ›‰Ç ‘Žƒ”ƒ „—Ž—ƒ–ƒ†Ç” ȋڔǤ ‡„‡”–ǡ ͳͻͷ͸Ǣ. ƒœÇ ›‡”‡Ž ƒ›Ç–Žƒ”†ƒ òˆ‹ .ƒ›Ç †ƒ ǯ‹ „ƒçŽƒ‰Ç Ç ‘Žƒ”ƒ ƒ„—Ž ‡†‹Ž‡–‡†‹” ȋf‡‹Ž ʹȌǤ ‹ ƒŽÇ ȋˆ›‘Ȍ ‹Ž­‡•‹‹ ‰ò‡›‹†‡ Šƒ”Ǐ „‡Ž†‡•‹ ›ƒÇŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ „ƒçŽƒ›ƒ òˆ‹ .ƒ›Çǡ ›‡” ›‡” †ƒ” ˜‡ †‡”‹ ˜ƒ†‹Ž‡”†‡ ‰‡­‡” ˜‡ ›ƒŽƒçǍ ͶͲ  ƒ–Ǎ–ƒ •‘”ƒ .‹˜”‹Ž ‘˜ƒ•Ç†ƒ ǯ‡ƒ–ÇŽÇ”Ǥ‹­‹ڐ‡”‹Ž‡ƒ›ƒŽƒ”†ƒ ‹ƒ”•—›—›ƒœǦÇç•—„—Ž—†—”—”ǡòˆ‹.ƒ›Ç‹•‡ †ƒŠƒ —œ—†—”Ǥ ‡Š‹” ƒ”ƒ›Ú› ›ƒÇŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ .ò”ò•— ‹Ž‡ „‹”Ž‡ç‹” ˜‡ ò›ò ‡†‡”‡•. ”ƒ„‡‹̵‡ ‰‹”‡”Ǥ —Šƒ”‡–ǡ —›— ƒǡ ƒœ‹ŽŽ‹ǡ ›†ÇǯÇ ‰‡­–‹–‡ •‘”ƒ .‹‡ .ƒ›Ç ‹Ž‡ „‹”Ž‡ç‹”ǡ ڍ‡ ‘˜ƒ•Ç†ƒ ‰ò‡›„ƒ–Ç›ƒ ›Ú‡Ž‹” ˜‡ †‡‹œ‡ —Žƒçǔ ȋf‡‹Ž ͳǡ ʹȌǤ ǯ‹ ‡ ڐ‡Ž‹ ڜ‡ŽŽ‹º‹ǡ ›ƒ–ƒ ‡º‹‹‹ ƒœŽÇºÇǡ „‹ŽŠƒ••ƒ ƒœ‹ŽŽ‹ǯ†‡ †‡‹œ‡ †ÚòŽò ‡›‡ ƒ†ƒ” ­‘­ƒ Ç˜”ǏŽƒ” ›ƒ’ƒ•Çǡ „Ç”ƒÇŽÇç ‡†‡”‡• ‘ŽŽƒ”Ç ˜‡ ‰‡­‹ ‹ ‰ÚŽŽ‡” ‘Ž—ç–—”ƒ•Ç†Ç” ȋ.‹œ‡Ž‰‡ ͳǡ ʹȌǤ ǯ‹. . . ͵Ͳ. .

(18) Büyük Menderes Nehri'nin Jeolojisi ve Evrimi. †‹ºǤ ȋʹͲͲͻȌǯ†ƒ ˜‡”‹Ž‡–‡†‹”Ǥ ‘—— ƒ›”ǐ–ÇŽƒ”Ç„—ƒƒŽ‡‹ƒ’•ƒÇ†Ççǐ†ƒ†Ç”Ǥ. ͳͻ͸ͺǢ Žƒ–‡ǡ ͳͻ͸͹Ǣ ‘›ƒŽÇǡ ͳͻ͹ͲǢ ”‹ç ˜‡ ƒ”ƒƒǡ ͳͻͺ͹Ǣ ڍ–ƒç ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ͳͻͺͻȌǤ GŽ‡”‹‹ „ÚŽòŽ‡”†‡ †‡º‹‹Ž‡ ‡º‹ ‰‹„‹‡Š”‹ƒƒ›ƒ–ƒºÇ ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡” ‹­‹†‡†‹” ˜‡ „—”ƒŽƒ”†ƒ ‡Š”‹ ‡†‹ ò”òŽ‡”‹†‡ „ƒçƒ ­‡ç‹–Ž‹ ‡‘Œ‡ ˜‡ —˜ƒ–‡”‡” –‘”–—ŽŽƒ”Ç „—Ž——” ȋf‡‹Ž ͳȌǤ. ”ƒ„‡Ž‡”†‡‹ ‰‡‡Ž •–”ƒ–‹‰”ƒˆ‹ „‡œ‡”Ž‹º‡ ƒ”çǐ Ž‹–‘Ž‘Œ‹ ­‡ç‹–Ž‹Ž‹ †‹ƒ– ­‡‡” ȋf‡‹Ž ͵ǡ ͷǦͺȌǤ ‡Š”‹ ƒçƒºÇ „ÚŽòŽ‡”‹‹ „—Ž—†—”ƒ ò›ò ‡†‡”‡• ”ƒ„‡‹ǯ†‡ ȋ Ȍ ›ƒŽÇœ ƒ –‡‡Ž òœ‡”‹‡ ‰‡Ž‡ ”‡Ǧ”–ƒ ‹›‘•‡ ò”òŽ‡”‹ ‰ÚŽ•‡Ž ‹–‡Ž‹–‡ ‘Ž—’ǡ ‰‡”‹ ƒŽƒŽƒ” ƒŽò˜›ƒŽ ˜‡ ˆŽò˜›ƒŽ Ú‡Ž‹ ƒ„ƒ Ç”ǐ–ǎdžǔ ȋƒœƒ Ç ˜‡ †‹ºǡ ʹͲͲͻǢ f‡‹Ž ͵ǡ ͹ȌǤ —ƒ ƒ”çǐ ‡Š”‹ ‘”–ƒ ˜‡ ›—ƒ”Ç ‡•‹Ž‡”‹‹ –ƒçǛƒ ‡‹œŽ‹ ˜‡ ƒŽƒǦ‹ƒ” ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡”‹ „ò›ò ڎ­ò†‡‰ÚŽ•‡Ž–‘”–—ŽŽƒ”Ç„—Ž—†—”—”ȋ ƒ›‡‡œǡ ͳͻͺͻǢ Ž­‹­‡ ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ʹͲͲ͹Ǣ ò”„òœ ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ʹͲͳʹǢf‡‹Ž͵ǡͺȌǤ. ƒ–Ç ƒ†‘Ž— ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡”‹ ˜‡ „—— „‹” ’ƒ”­ƒ•Ç ‘Žƒ”ƒ  ˜‡  ǡ ‡†‡”‡• ƒ•‹ˆ‹ǡ ƒ•‹ˆ‹ ڔ–ò ƒ›ƒŽƒ”Ç òœ‡”‹†‡†‹” ȋf‡‹Ž ͳȌǤ —œ‡›‡ ˜‡ †‘º—›ƒ †‘º”— ‡‘Œ‡ ›ƒçŽÇ ˜‘Žƒ‹Žƒ•–‹ ˜‡ ‰ÚŽ•‡Ž –‘”–—ŽŽƒ” ›ƒ›‰ÇŽƒçǔǤ —Žƒ”ǐ‰ò‡›˜‡‰ò‡›†‘º—•—†ƒ­‘º—Ž—º— ‡œ‘œ‘›‹ ƒ›ƒŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ ‘Ž—烐 —ºŽƒ ƒ’Žƒ”Ç ȋα ‹›ƒ ƒ’Žƒ”ÇȌ ˜‡ ‘”‹† –‡–‘‹ —烺Ç ›‡” ƒŽÇ” ȋf‡‹Ž ͳȌǤ ”ƒ„‡Ž‡” „ÚŽ‰‡•‹†‡ ›‘º— ˆƒ›Žƒƒ ˜‡ „—”ƒ†ƒ‹ ‡‘Œ‡ ƒ›ƒŽƒ”ǐǐ ‰Ú”‡ ‡Ž‹ †ƒ›ƒÇ•Çœ ‘Ž—ç— ‡†‡‹›Ž‡ǡ „ÚŽ‰‡†‡ ›ò•‡ †ƒºŽƒ” ˜‡ †‡”‹ ˜ƒ†‹Ž‡” ‘Ž—珗疗”Ǥ Ǖƒ ƒ ‡‰‡„‡Ž‹ –‘’‘‰”ƒˆ›ƒ „— „ÚŽ‰‡‹ „‡Ž‹”‰‹‘”ˆ‘Ž‘Œ‹ڜ‡ŽŽ‹º‹†‹”Ǥ ǯ‹ Š‡‡ ‰ò‡›‹†‡ ›ƒŽƒçǍ Ǧ  —œƒÇçŽÇ ‡ç’ƒ”ƒ ƒºŽƒ”Ç ȋͳ͵Ͳ͹ Ȍǡ ƒ†”ƒ„ƒ„ƒ ƒºŽƒ”Ç ȋͳ͹ͻʹ Ȍǡ ‡‹œŽ‹ †ƒº ȋʹͶͶͻ Ȍǡ ‘ƒœ†ƒº ȋʹͷ͹ͳ Ȍǡ —œ‡›‹†‡ ‹•‡ Ǧ —œƒÇŽÇ ›†Ç ƒºŽƒ”Ç ȋͳͺ͵ͳ Ȍǡ ò­ò ‡†‡”‡• ˜‡ ‡†‹œ ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡”‹ ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒ Ǧ —œƒÇçŽÇ ‘œ†ƒºŽƒ” ȋʹͳͶͻ Ȍ „ò–ò ‰‡ ڎ‰‡•‹̵‹ ڐ‡Ž‹ ›ò•‡Ž–‹Ž‡”‹†‹”Ǥ ‡Š‹”Ž‡” ˜‡ ƒ›ƒ ƒŽƒŽƒ” ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒ‹ „— „ò›ò ›ò•‡Ž‹ ˆƒ”Çǡ‡Š‹”Ž‡”‡ˆƒœŽƒ‹–ƒ”–‘”–—Ž•ƒºŽƒ†ÇºÇ‰‹„‹ †ƒº ‡–‡Ž‡”‹†‡ ­‘ •ƒ›Ç†ƒ ƒŽò˜›‘ ›‡ŽǦ ’ƒœ‡•‹‹ ‘Ž—珃•Çƒ ›‘Ž ƒ­ƒ–ƒ†Ç” ȋf‡‹Ž ͷǦ ͹ȌǤ. ǡ ‰‡ ‡‹œ‹ǯ‡ †ÚòŽ‡ ‡ „ò›ò ƒƒ”•—‘Ž—’ǡ†”‡ƒŒƒŽƒÇ„ò›òŽòºòǡ†‡Ž–ƒ•Ç˜‡ ‹­‹‡ ›‡”Ž‡ç–‹º‹ ƒ”ƒœ‹‹ ›ƒ’Ç•Ç ‹–‹„ƒ”‹›Ž‡ǡ ‰‡ ڎ‰‡•‹ ˜‡ –ò ƒ–Ç ƒ†‘Ž—ǯ— •‹‰‡•‹ †—”——†ƒ†Ç”Ǥƒ–ǐƒ†‘Ž—˜‡‰‡ڎ‰‡•‹‹•‡ ‰òòòœ†‡ ‰‡‹çŽ‡‡Ž‹ –‡–‘‹º‹ –ò †ò›ƒ†ƒ ‡ ƒ–‹ˆ ‹çŽ‡†‹º‹ ›‡”Ž‡”†‡ „‹”‹†‹” ȋ‡™‡› ˜‡ f‡‰Ú”ǡ ͳͻ͹ͻȌǤ ڎ‰‡†‡ ‡­ ‡‘Œ‡ǯ†‡ „— ›ƒƒ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ  —œƒÇçŽÇ ­‡ç‹–Ž‹ ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡”‹ ‘Ž—ç–—º— ‰ÚœŽ‡Ǧ ‡–‡†‹” ȋ‘œ—”–ǡ ʹͲͲ͵Ǣ ‘œ—”– ˜‡ ‘Œƒ›ǡ ʹͲͲͷǢ ò”‡” ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ʹͲͲͻǢ ò”„òœ ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ʹͲͳʹȌǤ  ‹›‹ „‹Ž‹‡Ž‡” ò›ò ‡†‡”‡•ǡ ò­ò‡†‡”‡•ǡ ‡†‹œǡŽƒç‡Š‹”ǡ‡‹œŽ‹ǡ烍Ǧ. ò”‡ǡ ƒŽƒǦ‹ƒ”ǡ  ljڎ ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡”‹ ‘Ž—’ –òò ‰‡‹ç „‹” Š‘”•–Ǧ‰”ƒ„‡ •‹•–‡‹‹ ò­ò ˜‡›ƒ „ò›ò ‡Ž‡ƒŽƒ”džǔ ȋf‡‹Ž ͳȌǤ ڎ‰‡†‡ ‰‡‹çŽ‡‡Ž‹ ”‡Œ‹‹ ‡ œƒƒ „ƒçŽƒ†ÇºÇ ‘—•—†ƒ ‰Ú”òç „‹”Ž‹º‹ ›‘–—”Ǥ –‹ˆ –ƒ”–Ç珃Žƒ”ǐ ‹‹ ڐ‡Ž‹ ‘—•— ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡”‹ Ú‡Ž‡”‹‹ ‡ ‘Ž†—º— ˜‡ ‰‡‹çŽ‡‡‹ ŠƒŽ‡ †‡˜ƒ‡†‹’‡–‡†‹º‹†‹”Ǥ—‘—Žƒ”†ƒƒ›”ǐ–ÇŽÇ –ƒ”–Ç珃 ˜‡ ‰‡‹ç „‹” ƒ›ƒ Ž‹•–‡•‹ ò”‡” ˜‡. . . Büyük Menderes Nehri ve Glgili Grabenler ǡ †‡‹œ‡ —Žƒç–ǺÇ ›‡”†‡ „ò›ò­‡ „‹” †‡Ž–ƒ ‘Ž—ç–—”—”ȋf‡‹ŽͳȌǤ‡Ž–ƒÇò•–ò•–‡‰‡Ž‹ç‡†Ú”– ƒ›”Ç‹Ž‡”Ž‡‡ ‡˜”‡•‹‹–‡•‹Ž‡––‹º‹˜‡Ȁ˜‡›ƒǮ†‡Ž–ƒ ‘’Ž‡•‹ǯ‘Ž†—º—ȋ•—˜‡†‹ºǤǡͳͻͺ͹Ȍǡ‡„ò›ò ‹Ž‡”Ž‡‡‹ ”–ƒǦ ‡­ ‘Ž‘•‡ǯ†‡ ‰‡”­‡Ž‡ç–‹º‹ „‹Ž‹‡–‡†‹” ȋ ڐ‡›ǡ ͳͻ͹ͷǢ —ŽŽ‡Š‘”ˆ ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ʹͲͲͶȌǤ ‡Ž–ƒ›Ç –‡ç‹Ž ‡†‡ ǯ‹ ƒçƒºÇ ›ƒ–ƒºÇ ò›ò ‡†‡”‡• ”ƒ„‡‹ ȋ Ȍǡ ‘”–ƒ ›ƒ–ƒºÇ ‡‹œŽ‹ ”ƒ„‡‹ ȋ Ȍǡ —ƒ”Ç ƒ–ƒºÇ ‹•‡ ƒŽƒǦ ‹ƒ”‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡”‹ȋ Ȍ‹­‹†‡†‹”ȋf‡‹ŽʹȌǤ. ͵ͳ.

(19)  ‹œƒ‡––‹

(20) ǡŽ’‡” ooǡ‘ƒ›. fekil 3Ǥò›ò‡†‡”‡•‡Š”‹ƒçƒºÇǦ‘”–ƒǦ›—ƒ”Ç›ƒ–ƒ„ÚŽ‰‡Ž‡”‹‹„—Ž—†—”ƒ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡”‹‰‡‡Ž•–”ƒ–‹‰”ƒˆ‹ †—”——˜‡—˜ƒ–‡”‡”„‹”‹Ž‡”‹Ǥ Ǧò›ò‡†‡”‡• ”ƒ„‡‹ȋƒœƒ˜‡†‹ºǤʹͲͲͶȌǡ Ǧ‡‹œŽ‹. ”ƒ„‡‹ȋŽ­‹­‡˜‡†‹ºǤʹͲͲ͹Ȍǡ ǦƒŽƒ‹ƒ” ”ƒ„‡‹ȋ„—­ƒŽÇ珃ȌǤ Figure 3. General stratigraphy and Quaternary units in the grabens hosted upper-middle-lower courses of the RBM. BMG Büyük Menderes Graben (from Yazman et al. 2004), DG-Denizli Graben (Alçiçek et al., 2007), BDG Baklan Dinar Graben (this study).. ƒŽƒÇ†Ç” ȋ‘­›‹º‹–ǡ ʹͲͲͷǢ ƒ›ƒ­Çǡ ʹͲͲ͸Ǣ Ž­‹­‡ ˜‡ †‹ºǤ ʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ .ڍ‡ŽŽ‡”‹ „ò›ò ڎ­ò†‡ ‡‘Œ‡‡ ƒ‹– ‘Žƒ ‰”ƒ„‡ „ƒçŽƒ‰Ç ǐ†ƒ „— ›ƒƒ‰ÚŽ•‡ŽŠƒ˜œƒ‹–‡Ž‹º‹†‡‘Ž—ç–—”ȋ‡„‡”–ǡ ͳͻͷͺǢƒ•–‡ŽŽ‹ǡͳͻ͹ͳǢ ƒ›‡‡œǡͳͻͺͻȌǤ‡‹œŽ‹. ”ƒ„‡‹ǡ ǯ‹ ‘Ž— ‘Žƒ .ò”ò•— ˜‡ ‘ƒ „ƒºŽÇ ›ƒ †‡”‡Ž‡”‹ „—Ž—†—”—” ȋf‡‹Ž ʹǡ ͸ȌǤ ‡Š”‹ ›—ƒ”Ç ›ƒ–ƒºÇ ­ƒ’”ƒœ ‰”ƒ„‡ ‘Žƒ”ƒ ›‘”—ŽƒƒƒŽƒǦ‹ƒ” ”ƒ„‡‹ȋ Ȍ‹­‹‡ ›‡”Ž‡ç‹ç–‹” ȋ ò”„òœ ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ʹͲͳʹȌǤ ƒŽƒ. ”ƒ„‡‹ǡ Ǧ  —œƒÇçŽÇ „‹” Šƒ˜œƒ ‘Ž—’ ›ƒŽƒçǍ ͷͲ  „‘›—†ƒ ͳͷ  ‰‡‹çŽ‹–‡†‹”Ǥ.   ›ƒŽƒçǍ ‰‡ ‡‹œ‹ǯ†‡ „ƒçŽƒ” ˜‡ .—„—†ƒºȀ—Šƒ”‡– ‹Ž­‡•‹†‡ •‘ƒ ‡”‡”Ǥ ƒ ƒ 燍‹ŽŽ‹†‹”Ǥ ƒ ƒÇ — — ڍ‡Ǧƒºƒ”ƒ•Ç Šƒ––ǐ†ƒ ‹–‹„ƒ”‡ ‰ò‡›„ƒ–Ç›ƒ ‹Ž‡”Ž‡›‡ ͵ͷ ǯŽ‹ Ç•Ç†Ç”Ǥ œ—Ž—º— ͳ͹ͷ ǡ ‰‡‹çŽ‹º‹ ͺǦ ͳʹ  ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒ†Ç” ȋf‡‹Ž ͳǡ ʹȌǤ   †‘º— — —†ƒǡ ǜǎ†‡”‡ ȋƒ”ƒ›Ú›Ȍ ›ƒÇŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ ‡‹œŽ‹ ”ƒ„‡‹ ‹Ž‡ „‹”Ž‡ç‹” ȋf‡‹Ž ʹǡ Ͷǡ ͸ȌǤ ‡‹œŽ‹ ”ƒ„‡‹ǡ ‰ò‡›†‡ ƒ„ƒ†ƒº ˆƒ› œ‘—ǡ —œ‡›†‡ ‹•‡ ƒ—ƒŽ‡ ˆƒ› œ‘— ‹Ž‡ •ÇÇ”Žƒƒ ›ƒŽƒçǍ ͹Ͳ  —œ—Ž—º—†ƒǡ ͷͲ  ‰‡‹çŽ‹º‹†‡ Ǧ  ‰‹†‹çŽ‹ ‰‡‹ç „‹” ­Úò–ò. . . ͵ʹ. . .

(21) Büyük Menderes Nehri'nin Jeolojisi ve Evrimi. ‘˜ƒ•Ç ˜‡ ڍ‡ ‘˜ƒ•Ç†ƒ ƒƒ”•— Ú‡Ž‹ –‘”–—ŽŽƒ”ǐƒŽÇŽÇŽƒ”ǐÇ„—Žƒ‹­‹ͷ‡–”‡›‡ —Žƒçƒ ›ƒ”ƒŽƒ” ƒ­ÇŽÇç ˜‡ „—Žƒ”ǐ ƒ›Ç–Žƒ”Ç G •‘†ƒŒŽƒ”Ç ‹Ž‡ ƒ”çǎƒç–ǔǎÇç–Ç” ȋf‡‹Ž ͺȌǤ ƒ”•—›— •— ˜‡ –‘”–—Ž ˜ƒ”ŽÇºÇÇ †‡º‡”Ž‡Ǧ †‹”‹Ž‡•‹†‡ G ȋͳͻͻ͵ǡ ͳͻͻ͸ǡ ʹͲͲͲ ˜‡ ʹͲͲ͸Ȍ ƒ›Ç–Žƒ”Ç ‡•ƒ• ƒŽÇÇç–Ç”Ǥ —Žƒ”†ƒ ƒŽÇ ƒÇǡ ƒ›ŽÇ ˜‡ ›ÇŽŽÇ ‘”–ƒŽƒƒ ƒÇŽƒ”ǡ •—†ƒ‹ –‘”–—Ž ˜ƒ”ŽÇºÇ ȋ’’ ‘Žƒ”ƒȌǡ –‘’Žƒ ˜‡ ‡– †”‡ƒŒ ƒŽƒŽƒ”Ç ˜‡”‹Ž‡–‡†‹”Ǥ G ƒÇ ڎ­òŽ‡”‹‡ǡ †ƒŠƒ ­‘ ‹•–ƒ•›‘ƒ ƒ‹– ˜‡”‹ „—Ž—†—”ƒŽƒ „‡”ƒ„‡”ǡ –‘”–—Ž ›ò ƒ’•ƒÇ †‹ƒ–‡ ƒŽÇƒ†ÇºÇ†ƒǡ ‹Š–‹›ƒ­ ŠƒŽ‹†‡ „ƒç˜—”—ŽǦ —ç–—”Ǥ.  ǯ‡†‹‘—†ƒ˜‡Ǧ. ‰‹†‹çŽ‹‹ƒ” ƒ”Ç ”ƒ„‡‹ ‹•‡ ͷͲ  —œ—Ž—–ƒ ˜‡ ͳͲ  ‰‡‹çŽ‹–‡†‹”Ǥ — –‡–‘‹ ­Úò–òŽ‡”‹ ­‡˜”‡Ǧ Ž‡›‡ †ƒº ȋʹͶͷͲ Ȍ ˜‡ ‡ç’ƒ”ƒ†ƒºÇ ȋͳ͸ͲͲ Ȍ ƒ–Ç ƒ†‘Ž—ǯ— ڐ‡Ž‹ ›òǦ •‡Ž–‹Ž‡”‹†‡†‹” ȋf‡‹Ž ʹǡ Ͷǡ ͷȌǤ ”ƒ„‡ ‘Ž†—­ƒ ƒŽÇǡ ›‡” ›‡” Úò”Žò „‹” ‡‘Œ‡ ‹•–‹ˆ‹‹ ‡•‡–‡†‹” ȋ‘’ƒ›ƒǡ ͳͻͷ͹Ǣ f‡ƒ›ǡ ͳͻ͸ͷǢ ‘›ƒŽÇǡͳͻ͹ͲǢoƒŽǡͳͻͺͳȌǤ MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM ‡Š‹” Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹ǡ ƒƒ”•—›— —œƒÇÇ „‘›— ƒ ‡˜”‹‹‡ –‡•‹” ‡†‡ „ò–ò ‘Žƒ›Žƒ”ǐ ‹ ‡Ž‡‡•‹‹ ƒ’•ƒ”Ǥ ‘Žƒ›Ç•Ç›Žƒǡ ǯ‹ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹‹‘”–ƒ›ƒ‘›ƒ‹­‹†‘º†—º—›‡”†‡ †‡‹œ‡ †ÚòŽ†òºò ›‡”‡ ƒ†ƒ”ǡ „ò–ò ‰òœ‡”‰ƒŠÇÇ ‹ ‡Ž‡‡•‹ ‰‡”‡‹”Ǥ ŽƒǦ çǎƒ„‹Ž‹”Ž‹ ˜‡ ƒŽƒ–Ǐ ‘Žƒ›ŽÇºÇ ƒ­Ç•Ç†ƒ ‰òœ‡”‰ƒŠ açaºÇ yatakǡ orta yatak ˜‡ yukarÇ yatak‘Žƒ”ƒ„ÚŽòòç–ò”Ǥ烺Ç›ƒ–ƒǡ‡Š”‹ǡ   ‹­‹†‡‹ „ÚŽòò†ò”Ǥ —”ƒ•Ç ‡Š‹” ƒºœÇ†ƒ —Šƒ”‡–ǯ‡ ƒ†ƒ” ‘Žƒ ‡•‹‹‹ ƒ’•ƒ” ȋf‡‹Ž ͳǡ ʹȌǤ ”–ƒ ›ƒ–ƒ Ç•Ç ƒ”ƒ›Ú›ǯ†‡ ƒçƒ–„‡Ž‹ ƒ›‘—ƒ ƒ†ƒ”†Ç”Ǥ ‡‹œŽ‹ ”ƒ„‡‹ ‘”–ƒ ›ƒ–ƒ „ÚŽòòò ‡”‡œ‹†‹”Ǥ ”–ƒ ›ƒ–ƒºÇ —œ‡›‡ †‘º”— ò•– „ƒçǐ†ƒ.ƒŽ‹Ž­‡•‹•ÇÇ”Žƒ”ǐƒ‰‹”‹Ž‹”ȋf‡‹ŽʹǡͶȌǤ —ƒ”Ç ›ƒ–ƒ ‘Žƒ”ƒ ‡Š”‹ ƒ†ÇŽÇ ›ƒÇŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ òˆ‹ .ƒ›Ç̵Ç †‘º†—º— ›‡”†‡ ƒçƒ–„‡Ž‹ ƒ›‘—ƒ ƒ†ƒ” ‘Žƒ Ç•Ç ƒŽÇÇç–Ç”Ǥ ‹” ڐ ‡‹ „ÚŽò†‡ †‡ „‡Ž‹”–‹Ž†‹º‹ ‰‹„‹ǡ „ƒœÇ ‘—Ž ƒ•‹Ž‘’‡†‹Ž‡”‹†‡ ‡Š”‹ „ƒçŽƒ‰Ç­ ˜‡ ƒƒ‘Ž— ‘Žƒ”ƒ ƒƒœ .ƒ›Çǡ „ƒœÇŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ‹ƒ”•—›—ǡ„ƒœÇŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ†ƒòˆ‹.ƒ›Ç ‰Ú•–‡”‹Ž‹”Ǥ ƒ‹‹ •— „—Ž—ƒ ›‡” ‹•‡

(22) çǍŽÇ. ڎòǯ†‡‹–‹„ƒ”‡‘ŽƒÇ•Ç†Ç”Ǥ—­ƒŽÇ珃†ƒ ‡Š”‹ Š‡” ò­ „ò›ò ‘Ž—— „ƒçŽƒ‰Ç ǐ†ƒ •‘—ƒ ƒ†ƒ” ‘Žƒ „ò–ò ƒÇç ‰òœ‡”‰ƒŠÇ†ƒ •ƒŠƒ ‹ ‡Ž‡‡•‹ ›ƒ’ÇŽÇç ‘Ž—’ǡ —›†— ‰Ú”ò–òŽ‡”‹†‡ ˜‡ Šƒ˜ƒ ˆ‘–‘º”ƒˆŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ †ƒ ›ƒ”ƒ”ŽƒÇŽƒ”ƒ —˜ƒ–‡”‡” –‘”–—ŽŽƒ”Ç Šƒ”‹–ƒǦ ŽƒÇç–Ç” ȋ.‹œ‡Ž‰‡ ͳǦ͵Ǣ f‡‹Ž ͷǦ͹ȌǤ ›”Ç ƒ .‹˜”‹Ž. . . ò ‡Ž ˜‡ –—––—”—ŽƒÇç –‘”–—ŽŽƒ”ǐ Šƒ”‹–ƒŽƒƒ•Ç†ƒ ƒœƒ Ç ˜‡ †‹ºǤ ȋʹͲͲͲȌǯ†‡ ˜‡”‹Ž‡ Ǯ†‡’‘Žƒƒ ƒŽƒÇǯ ›Ú–‡‹ ‹œŽ‡‹ç–‹”Ǥ — ›Ú–‡†‡ǡ ‰ÚœŽ‡‡ ‰ò ‡Ž †‡’‘Žƒƒ •ò”‡­Ž‡”‹‹ ‡–‹ ‘Ž†—º— ˜‡ –‘”–—Ž „—Ž—ƒ ›‡”Ž‡” Dz†‡’‘Žƒƒ ƒŽƒŽƒ”Çdz ‘Žƒ”ƒ ƒ›”ÇŽƒ–ƒ ˜‡ Šƒ”‹–ƒŽƒƒ–ƒ†Ç”Ǥ — „‹” ƒŽƒ†ƒ ‰ò ‡Ž ­Ú‡Ž‡ ‘”–ƒŽƒ”ǐǐ ƒ›Ç”†‡†‹Ž‡•‹†‹”Ǥ ڛŽ‡ „‹” ƒ›Ç”Ǐ „— ­ƒŽÇ珃 ‹­‹ ‰‡”‡Ž‹†‹”ǡ ­òò —˜ƒ–‡”‡” –‘”–—ŽŽƒ”ǐǐ ‡•‡”‹•‹ ƒŽò˜›‘ ›‡Ž’ƒœ‡Ž‡”‹ ‹Ž‡ ‘Ž—ç–—”—Ž—” ˜‡ „—Žƒ”ǐ ƒƒ”•— –‘”–—ŽŽƒ”Ç ‹Ž‡ ƒ”Ç珃•Ç ˜‡ Š‡’•‹‹ „‹”†‡ Ǧ ƒŽò˜›‘ 燍Ž‹†‡ ˜‡”‹Ž‡•‹ ›ƒŽÇç ›‘”—Žƒ”ƒ ‰Ú–ò”‡„‹Ž‹”Ǥ ǯ‹ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹ ‘— ‡†‹Ž‹”‡ ‡•ƒ• ƒŽÇƒ †ƒ›ƒƒŽƒ”ǡ ƒȌ ƒƒ”•—›— ‡†‹•‹ –ƒ”ƒˆÇ†ƒ ‘Ž—ç–—”—Žƒ –‘”–—ŽŽƒ” ˜‡ ‹•–‹ˆŽ‡”ǡ „Ȍ ƒƒ”•—›— ‡†‹•‹ –ƒ”ƒˆÇ†ƒ ‘Ž—ç–—”—Žƒ „‘ºƒœǡƒ›‘ǡ˜ƒ†‹˜„ƒçǐǏŽƒ”†Ç”Ǥƒ”ƒ­ƒŽƒ”ǡ ƒçǐƒ ˜‡ „‹”‹‡ Ú‡Ž‹ ‘Ž—玃”ǐƒ ‰Ú”‡ǡ –‡–‘‹œƒ ›‘”—Žƒ”ǐ†ƒ —ŽŽƒÇŽÇç–Ç”Ǥ ”‡Ǧ ƒŒ ƒŽƒÇ –‘”–—Ž •ƒºŽƒ›ƒ ƒçǐƒ „ÚŽ‰‡•‹†‹” ˜‡ „—”ƒÇ Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹ ƒƒ”•—›— Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹ ‹Ž‡ †‘º”—†ƒ ‹Ž‹–‹Ž‹ †‡º‹Ž†‹”Ǥ — •‡„‡’Ž‡ „— ­ƒŽÇ珃†ƒƒƒ”•—Ú‡Ž‹—˜ƒ–‡”‡”–‘”–—ŽŽƒ”Ç òœ‡”‹†‡ †ƒŠƒ ­‘ †—”—Žƒ ƒ–Ç”Ǥ  ƒŠƒ ڐ ‡‹ †Ú‡Ž‡”†‡ Gǡ Gǡ „‡Ž‡†‹›‡Ž‡” ˜„ —”—Ž—玃” ƒ ›ƒ’–ǔǎÇç •‘†ƒŒŽƒ” ƒ›”ǐ–ÇŽÇ. ͵͵.

(23)  ‹œƒ‡––‹

(24) ǡŽ’‡” ooǡ‘ƒ›. —œ‡›„ƒ–Ç›ƒ †Ú‡”‡ †Ç‰òœ‡Ž ƒ”ƒŒÇǯ†ƒ ƒƒœ.ƒ›Ç‹Ž‡„‹”Ž‡ç‹”ȋf‡‹ŽʹǡͶȌǤ—Ž†ƒ‹Ž­‡•‹ ›ƒÇŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ ‡†‹œ ‡Š”‹ ‹Ž‡ •— ƒ›”Ǐ Šƒ––Ç „‹”„‹”‹‡­‘›ƒŽƒçǔȋf‡‹ŽͶȌǤ. 燍‹Ž†‡ ‰Úœ†‡ ‰‡­‹”‹Ž‹ç–‹”Ǥ G ƒ”狘Ž‡”‹†‡ ‘Ž—’ Ž‘‰Žƒ”Ç ˜‡ ƒ”‘–Žƒ”Ç ‘Žƒ •‘†ƒŒŽƒ”ǐ —ŽŽƒÇŽƒ•Çƒڐ ‡Ž‹˜‡”‹Ž‹ç–‹”Ǥ›Ç燍‹Ž†‡ ڐ ‡‹ ­ƒŽÇ珃Žƒ”†ƒ ˜‡”‹Ž‡ —˜ƒ–‡”‡”ǯ‡ ‹Ž‹ç‹ ƒ›Ç–Žƒ”†ƒ †ƒ ›ƒ”ƒ”ŽƒÇŽÇç–Ç”Ǥ — ‹ ‡Ž‡‡†‡ †‘º”—†ƒ ›ƒç –ƒ›‹‹ ›ƒ’ÇŽƒǦ ƒÇç–Ç”Ǥ —ŽŽƒÇŽƒ ›ƒçŽƒ†Ç”ƒ ‰Ú”‡Ž‹†‹” ˜‡ ‡•‡”‹ ò›ò ‡†‡”‡• †‡Ž–ƒ•Ç†ƒ‹ •— ˜‡ †‹ºǤ ȋͳͻͺ͹Ǣ ͳͻͻͲȌ –ƒ”ƒˆÇ†ƒ ˜‡”‹Ž‡ †‡º‡”Ž‡”‡ †ƒ›ƒƒ–ƒ†Ç”Ǥƒ‹ǡ†‡Ž–ƒ‹•–‹ˆŽ‡”‹˜‡„—”ƒ†ƒ‹ ›ƒçŽƒ”ǡ †ƒŠƒ ‹­‡”‹Ž‡”†‡‹ ƒƒ”•— –‘”–—ŽŽƒ”Ç ‹­‹ ƒ”çǎƒç–Ç”ƒ ƒŽœ‡‡•‹ ‘Žƒ”ƒ —ŽŽƒÇŽÇç–Ç”Ǥ

(25) çǍŽÇ ڎòǯ†‡‹ •‘†ƒŒ ­ƒŽÇ珃Žƒ”Ç ˜‡ ‰ÚŽŽ‡”†‡‹ †‡’‘Žƒƒ ŠÇœŽƒ”Ç ›‘”—Žƒ”ƒ”ƒ †ƒ›ƒƒ ‘Ž—ç–—” ȋ

(26) •ƒ‡Žǡ ʹͲͲͻǢ ƒœƒ Ç ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǤ  —ƒ ‰Ú”‡ǡ ǯ‹ †‡‹œ‡ —ŽƒçǦ –Ç”†ÇºÇ –‘”–—ŽŽƒ” •‘ ʹͷͲ ͲͲͲ ›ÇŽ ‹­‹†‡ǡ †Ú”– ƒ›”Ç †‡‹œ ‰‹”‹ç‹‹ ‹Ž‡ „ÚŽò‡ †Ú”– †‡Ž–ƒ •‡˜‹›‡•‹ǡ Š‡’•‹ „‹”†‡ †‡Ž–ƒ ‘’Ž‡•‹ –‡ç‹Ž ‡–‹ç–‹” ȋ•— ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ͳͻͺ͹ȌǤ ‘ †‡‹œ •‘—Ž—— —›— ƒǯƒ ƒ†ƒ” ‹Ž‡”Ž‡‹ç ˜‡ ‰‡ ‡‹œ‹ǯ‹ ‡ —œ— ŠƒŽ‹­‹‹ ‘Ž—ç–—”—ç–—” ȋƒœƒ ǘ‡†‹ºǤǡʹͲͲͻȌǤ. ò›ò ‡†‡”‡• ‡Š”‹̵‹ ›ƒ–ƒºÇ „ƒçŽƒ‰Ç ǐ†ƒ ‹–‹„ƒ”‡ ‰Ú”‡ ‡Ž‹ ƒœ ‡º‹Ž‹†‹”Ǥ òˆ‹ .ƒ›Ç ˜ƒ†‹•‹†‡ Ωʹͷ ‹‡ „— †‡º‡” ‘”–ƒ ›ƒ–ƒ–ƒΩͳ͸ǡƒçƒºÇ›ƒ–ƒ–ƒ‹•‡ȋڔǤƒ”ƒ›Ú›Ǧ —›— ƒ ƒ”ƒ•ÇȌ Ωͳʹ ƒ†ƒ”†Ç” ȋ.‹œ‡Ž‰‡ ͳȌǤ  ڐ‡Ž‹ ڜ‡ŽŽ‹º‹ǡ ‡Š‹” ƒƒ ƒƒŽÇÇ ›—ƒ”Çǡ ‘”–ƒ ˜‡ ƒçƒºÇ ›ƒ–ƒŽƒ”†ƒ Š‡’ ƒœ ‡º‹‡ •ƒŠ‹’ ‘Žƒ•Çǡ ›ƒ–ƒ ‰‡­‹çŽ‡”‹‹ ƒ‹ ‡º‹ Ç”ǍŽÇŽƒ”Ç‹Ž‡ȋ͵ǦͳͲ‡–”‡Ž‹燎ƒŽ‡Ž‡”ŠƒŽ‹†‡Ȍ „‹”„‹”‹‡ „ƒºŽƒƒ•Ç†Ç” ȋ.‹œ‡Ž‰‡ ʹǢ f‡‹Ž ʹǡ ͶȌǤ — †—”— ‡Š”‹ Š‡‡ „ò–ò „ÚŽòŽ‡”‹†‡ ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡” ‹­‹‡ ›‡”Ž‡ç‹ç ‘Žƒ•Ç ˜‡ ‰”ƒ„‡ ­ÇÇ玃”ǐ†ƒ ‡º‹Ž‡”‹ †‡º‹ç‡•‹‹ •‘— —Ǧ †—”Ǥ ǯ‹ ‘”–ƒŽƒƒ ‡º‹‹ Ωʹǯ†‹” ȋ.‹œ‡Ž‰‡ ͳȌǤ Büyük Menderes Nehri Akaçlama AºÇ ve Su Toplama AlanÇ •—–‘’ŽƒƒƒŽƒÇ›ƒŽƒçǍʹͶͲͲͲʹǯ†‹” ȋf‡‹Ž ʹȌǤ — ƒ›”Ǐ Šƒ––ǐǐ ‰‡­–‹º‹ ›‡”Ž‡”†‡ ʹͲͲͲ‡–”‡›‹ƒçƒœ‹”˜‡Ž‡”˜ƒ”†Ç”ȋڔǤ›†Ç ƒºŽƒ”Çǡ ƒ„ƒ†ƒºǡ †ƒºȌǤ ‹º‡” „‹” †‡›‹çŽ‡  ­‘ ­‡ç‹–Ž‹ ƒ›ƒŽƒ”ǐ ›òœ‡›Ž‡†‹º‹ ­‘ ‰‡‹ç„‹”ƒŽƒ†ƒ•—˜‡–‘”–—ŽƒŽÇ”Ǥ. GÖZLEMLER-BULGULAR Büyük Menderes Nehri’nin KaynaºÇ ve Ana YataºÇ  ›—ƒ”Ç ‡•‹Ž‡”‹†‡ „ƒçŽÇ ƒ ò­ „ò›ò ‘Ž— ƒƒœ .ƒ›Çǡ òˆ‹ .ƒ›Ç ˜‡ ‹ƒ”•—›—ǯ— „‹”Ž‡ç‡•‹†‡ ‘Ž—ç—” ȋf‡‹Ž ʹȌǤ ƒƒœ .ƒ›Ç ›ƒŽƒçǍ ͳ͹Ͳ  ‘Ž—’ǡ ƒƒœ ‹Ž­‡•‹‹ Š‡‡ —œ‡›‹†‡ †‘ºƒ”ǡ Ž—„‡› ƒ›‘Žƒ”ǐÇ ‰‡­‡”‡ †Ç‰òœ‡Ž ƒ”ƒŒÇ̵ƒ —ŽƒçǔǤ òˆ‹ .ƒ›Çǡ ƒ†ÇŽÇǯÇ —œ‡› ‡•‹‹†‡ „ƒçŽƒ” ˜‡

(27) çǍŽÇ. ڎò̵‡ ƒ˜—ç—”Ǥ —”ƒ›ƒ ƒ†ƒ” —œ—Ž—º— ͻͲ ǯ†‹”Ǥ‹ƒ”•—›—ǡ‹ƒ”ǯǐŠ‡‡‰ò‡›‹†‡ „ƒçŽƒ” ˜‡

(28) çǍŽÇ ڎò̵†‡ òˆ‹ .ƒ›Ç ‹Ž‡ „‹”Ž‡ç‹”Ǥ œ—Ž—º— Ͷ͹ ǯ†‹”Ǥ òˆ‹ .ƒ›Ç ˜‡ ƒƒœ .ƒ›Ç ‰Ú”‡ ‡Ž‹ †ƒŠƒ ›ò•‡ ‡º‹Ž‹ ˜ƒ†‹Ž‡”†‡ ‰‡­‡”ǡ „—ƒƒ”çǎǍ‹ƒ”•—›—†òçò‡º‹Ž‹„‹”›ƒ–ƒ ‹­‹†‡†‹” ȋ.‹œ‡Ž‰‡ ͳȌǤ

(29) çǍŽÇ ڎòǯ†‡ òˆ‹ .ƒ›Ç ‹Ž‡ „‹”Ž‡ç‡ ‹ƒ”•—›—  ƒ†ÇÇ ƒŽÇ”ǡ. . . ò›ò ‡†‡”‡• ‡Š”‹ǯ‹ ƒƒ ›ƒ–ƒºÇ ˜‡Ȁ˜‡›ƒ‡Š”‹„‘›—ƒ’”‘ˆ‹Ž‹òˆ‹.ƒ›ÇǦ

(30) çǍŽÇ. ڎòǦ†Ç‰òœ‡Ž ƒ”ƒŒÇǦƒ”ƒ›Ú›Ǧƒœ‹ŽŽ‹Ǧ›†ÇǦ ڍ‡ Šƒ––ǐÇ ‹œŽ‡”Ǥ — ƒƒ ›ƒ–ƒºƒ ƒ–ÇŽƒ „ƒçŽÇ ƒ „ò›ò ‘ŽŽƒ”ǡ ›—ƒ”Ç ›ƒ–ƒ–ƒ ‹ƒ”•—›— ˜‡ ƒƒœ .ƒ›Çǡ ‘”–ƒ ›ƒ–ƒ–ƒ •— .ƒ›Çǡ .ò”ò•—ǡ ƒçƒºÇ ›ƒ–ƒ–ƒ ƒ†ƒŽƒœ .ƒ›Çǡ ­ƒ› ˜‡ .‹‡ .ƒ›Çǯ†Ç”Ǥ  —œ—— ­ƒ›ǯ†Ç” ȋ.‹œ‡Ž‰‡ ͵ȌǤ — ­ƒ›Žƒ”ǐ Š‡‡ Š‡’•‹‹ òœ‡”‹†‡ ‰ÚŽ‡–Ž‡” ‡˜ —– ‘Ž—’ǡ •— ƒÇ玃”Ç †òœ‡Ž‡‹çǡ„—ƒ„ƒºŽÇ‘Žƒ”ƒ–‘”–—Ž‰‡Ž‹–‹•‹ ‹•‡ ‘Ž†—­ƒ ƒœƒŽÇç–Ç”Ǥ ‡Š”‹ –‘”–—Ž ›òò‡ ‹Ž‹ç‹›‘”—Žƒ”†ƒ„ƒ”ƒŒ˜‡‰ÚŽ‡–Ž‡”‹†‹ƒ–‡. ͵Ͷ.

(31) Büyük Menderes Nehri'nin Jeolojisi ve Evrimi. ƒŽÇƒ•Çǡ ڜ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡ ͳͻͻͲ •‘”ƒ•Ç ˜‡”‹Ž‡” ‹­‹ ‰‡­‡”Ž‹†‹”ȋ.‹œ‡Ž‰‡ͶȌǤ. ƒ ˜‡ ›ƒ ‘ŽŽƒ”ƒ ƒ˜—烐 †‡”‡Ž‡” †Ççǐ†ƒǡ †‘º”—†ƒ ǯ‡ —Žƒçƒ ­‘ •ƒ›Ç†ƒ ‡˜•‹Ž‹ ƒƒ”•—Žƒ” ‡˜ —––—”Ǥ Yœ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡ ›†ÇǦ—›— ƒ ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒ ›ò•‡ ›ƒƒ­Žƒ”†ƒ ‹‡ ›ò•‡ ‡º‹Ž‹ ˜‡ ˆƒƒ– Ç•ƒ ƒÇç ›ƒ–ƒŽƒ”Ç •Ç­ƒ†Ç”ȋf‡‹ŽͳǡʹȌǤ—Žƒ”ǐ„‹”Ç•Ç‰”ƒ„‡‡ ƒ­ÇŽƒ ›‡”†‡ ƒŽò˜›‘ ›‡Ž’ƒœ‡Ž‡”‹ –‡ç‹Ž ‡†‡”Ž‡” ȋf‡‹Ž ͹ȌǤ ڍ‡Ǧ—›— ƒ ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒǡ —œ—Ž—Žƒ”Ç ͳͲ ǯ†‡ ˆƒœŽƒ ‘Žƒ „Ú›Ž‡ ›ƒ ‘ŽŽƒ”ǐ •ƒ›Ç•Ç ͳʹǯ†‹”Ǥ ‡Š”‹ —œ‡›‹†‡‹ ƒƒ”•—Žƒ”ǐ ‡˜•‹Ž‹ ˜‡ Ç•ƒ ‘Ž—玃”ǐƒ ƒ”çǐǡ ‰ò‡›‹Ǧ †‡‹Ž‡”‹ „‘›Žƒ”Ç —œ—ǡ ›ƒ–ƒ ‡º‹Ž‡”‹ ‰Ú”‡ ‡Ž‹ †ƒŠƒ ƒœ ˜‡ †ƒ‹‹ ‘Žƒ”ƒ •— „—Ž—†—”—”Žƒ” ȋ.‹œ‡Ž‰‡͵ȌǤ—†—”—‡Š”‹‹­‹‡›‡”Ž‡ç–‹º‹. Çizelge 2. ǯ‹ „ƒœÇ ‘–ƒŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ ”ƒÇ †‡º‡”Ž‡”‹Ǥ Table 2. Altitude values of RBM in some points. Yer ƒƒœ.ƒ›Ç„ƒçŽƒ‰Ç Ç. RakÇm (m) ʹͳ͹ʹ. òˆ‹.ƒ›Ç„ƒçŽƒ‰Ç Ç. ʹͲͷͻ. ‹ƒ”—›—„ƒçŽƒ‰Ç Ç. ͳ͸ͻͷ.

(32) çǍŽÇ ڎò. ͺͳͷ. †Ç‰òœ‡Žƒ”ƒŒÇ. Ͷ͵Ͷ. ‡‹œŽ‹‹Ž‡”‡œ‹. ͶͷͲ. .ò”ò•—„ƒçŽƒ‰Ç Ç. ͳͶͻͶ. .ò”ò•—ƒ˜çƒºÇ. ͳͶ͵. ƒ”ƒ›Ú›‡”‡œ. ͳͶͲ. ƒœ‹ŽŽ‹‹Ž­‡‡”‡œ‹. ͳ͵ʹ. ­ƒ›„ƒçŽƒ‰Ç Ç. ͳ͸ͲͲ. ­ƒ›ƒ˜çƒºÇ. ͷ͵. ›†Ç‹Ž‡”‡œ‹. ͸Ͳ. .‹‡.ƒ›Ç„ƒçŽƒ‰Ç Ç. ͹͵ͷ. .‹‡.ƒ›Çƒ˜çƒºÇ. ʹ͵. ڍ‡‹Ž­‡‡”‡œ‹. ͳʹ. ƒˆƒ ڎò. ʹ. Çizelge 4.  òœ‡”‹†‡‹ „ƒ”ƒŒ ›‡”Ž‡”‹ǡ „ò›ò ‰ÚŽ‡–Ž‡”˜‡›ƒ’Ǐ›ÇŽŽƒ”ÇǤ Table 4. Dam locations, large ponds and their construction dates on the RBM. Gölet/Baraj AdÇ. Bulunduºu Yer. Gçletme YÇlÇ. ‘œ†‘ºƒȀ. ­ƒ›. ͳͻͷͺ. ‘’­ƒ. ƒ†”ƒ.ƒ›Ç. ͳͻͺͷ. ƒ›Žƒƒ˜ƒ. ‘ ƒ­ƒ›. ͳͻͻ͸. .ƒ”†ƒ ڎ‡–‹. ‡º‹”‡†‡”‡. ʹͲͲ͸. ƒŠ˜‡†‡”‡•‹. ƒ”ƒ ƒ•—. ͳͻͻʹ. džǔ„‡›Ž‹. ‡”‡ ‹. ͳͻͺͺ. ­ƒ‘˜ƒ. .‹‡‘ ƒ†‡”‡. ͳͻͻͻ. .ƒ–ƒ. .‹‡ƒ˜ç‹–.ƒ›Ç. ʹͲͲʹ. ‡‡” . ›†Ç. Çizelge 3. „ò›ò‘ŽŽƒ”ǐǐ—œ—Ž—Žƒ”ÇǤ Table 3. Lengths of the RBM large branches. Nehir Kolu. Uzunluk (km). ‹ƒ”—›—. Ͷ͹. òˆ‹.ƒ›Ç. ͻͲ. ƒƒœ.ƒ›Ç. ͳ͹Ͳ. .ò”ò•—. ƒ”ƒ ƒÚ”‡. ǜǎ ƒŽƒ”†‡”‡•‹Ǧ ‘ ƒŽ‹. ʹͲͲͲ. .‹‡. .‹‡.ƒ›Ç. ʹͲͳͲ. G‹œ†‡”‡. G‹œ†‡”‡ȋ›†ÇȌ. ʹͲͳͲ. ƒ”ƒ ƒ•—. ƒ†ƒŽƒœ.ƒ›Ç. ͳͻͻͻ. ͻ͸. †Ç‰òœ‡Ž. . ͳͻͺͻ. •—Ȁƒ†ƒŽƒœ. ͸Ͳ. ‹†‡”‡. . ʹͲͲͻ. ­ƒ›. ͳͷͳ. ڍ’ǐƒ”. ڍ’ǐƒ”†‡”‡•‹. ʹͲͲʹ. ‡‹†‡”‡. ‡‹†‡”‡. ͳͻͻͷ. .‹‡.ƒ›Ç. ͳͳͻ.

(33) çǍŽÇ. ‹ƒ”•—›—. ͳͻͷ͵. . ‡‹œŽ‹. . ͵ͷ.

(34)  ‹œƒ‡––‹

(35) ǡŽ’‡” ooǡ‘ƒ›. ƒ”ƒœ‹‹–‘’‘º”ƒˆ‹ڜ‡ŽŽ‹º‹‘Ž—’ǡƒçƒºÇ›ƒ–ƒ „ÚŽ‰‡•‹†‡ ǯ‹ †”‡ƒŒ ƒºÇ ȋ‰”ƒ„‡ –ƒ„ƒÇ ˜‡ ›ƒƒ­Žƒ”ÇȌ —œ‡› ˜‡ ‰ò‡› ‹–‹„ƒ”‹›Ž‡ ƒ•‹‡–”‹ „‹­‹†‡†‹”Ǥ ›Ç •‡„‡’Ž‡ǡ ‰ò‡›†‡ ƒŽƒ ƒƒ­Žƒƒ ƒŽƒÇ ‰Ú”‡ ‡Ž‹†ƒŠƒ‰‡‹ç–‹”ȋf‡‹ŽʹȌǤ. ‡‡Ž †—”—ƒ Ç•‡ ƒ›Ç”Ç ‘Žƒ ›ƒ ‘Ž ƒƒœ .ƒ›Çǯ†Ç”Ǥ ƒƒœ .ƒ›Ç Ž‹–‘Ž‘Œ‹ ‘–”‘ŽŽò „‹” ›ƒ–ƒ–ƒ ƒƒ” ˜‡ „—”ƒ†ƒ‹ ‡‘Œ‡ ‹”‡­–ƒçŽƒ”Ç ȋŽ—„‡› Ȍ ­‘ —œ—ǡ †‹ ˜‡ †‡”‹ ˜ƒ†‹Ž‡”‹ ‘Ž—珃•Çƒ ›‘Ž ƒ­Çç–Ç” ȋŽ—„‡› ƒ›‘—ȌǤ ƒˆ‡•Ž‹ ƒƒ­Žƒƒ ƒºÇ –‡–‘‹ ‘–”‘ŽŽò ƒ”ƒœ‹Ž‡”‹ –‹’‹ ‰Ú•–‡”‰‡•‹†‹” ȋŠ‘”Ž‡› ˜‡ †‹ºǤǡ ͳͻͺͶȌǤ ǡ ‘Ž—痏—†ƒ ‹–‹„ƒ”‡ Ǧ ›ÚŽò ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡” ‹­‹‡ ›‡”Ž‡ç‹ç–‹” ˜‡ „— †—”— „ò–ò ƒ–Ç ƒ†‘Ž—ǯ— „‹Ž‹‡ǡ –‹’‹ ڜ‡ŽŽ‹º‹†‹” ȋf‡‹Ž ͳȌǤ.  ƒƒ­Žƒƒ ƒºÇÇ ‡ „‡Ž‹”‰‹ ڜ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡”‹›ƒ‘ŽŽƒ”ǐƒƒ‡Š‹”‘Ž—ƒ†‹ ˜‡›ƒ †‹‡ ›ƒÇ 燍‹Ž†‡ ƒ˜—珃•Ç ˜‡ „Ú›Ž‡ ‡ ƒˆ‡•Ž‹ „‹” ƒº ‘Ž—珃•Ç†Ç” ȋf‡‹Ž ʹȌǤ —— „‹”‹ ‹Ž •‡„‡„‹ ‰”ƒ„‡ ‡ƒ”Žƒ”ǐǐ ‰Ú”‡ ‡Ž‹ ›ò•‡ ‡º‹‡ •ƒŠ‹’ ‘Žƒ•Ç†Ç”Ǥ. fekil 4.›—ƒ”Çǡ‘”–ƒ˜‡ƒçƒºÇ›ƒ–ƒ„ÚŽ‰‡Ž‡”‹‹„—Ž—†—”ƒ‰”ƒ„‡Ž‡”‹‘”ˆ‘Ž‘Œ‹Ž‡”‹ǡƒ–‹‡–Ž‡”Ǥ Figure 4. Morphologies of the grabens in where upper-middle-lower courses of the RBM and location of antique cities.. . . ͵͸.

(36) Büyük Menderes Nehri'nin Jeolojisi ve Evrimi. ‹çŽ‹º‹ ˜‡ –ƒçÇ †òœŽòŽ‡”‹ ȋ„Ç”ƒÇŽÇç ‡†‡”‡• ‘ŽŽƒ”ǐǐ ‘Ž†—º— ›‡”Ž‡” ˜‡ „ƒ–ƒŽÇŽƒ”Ȍǡ ‹ƒ” ”ƒ„‡‹ ‹­‹†‡ Ͳǡ͹Ǧͳǡͷ ǡ ƒŽƒ ”ƒ„‡‹̵†‡ ͳǡͷǦʹǡͷ ǡ ‡‹œŽ‹. ”ƒ„‡‹̵†‡ ͵ǡͷǦͶǡͷ ǡ ò›ò ‡†‡”‡•. ”ƒ„‡‹̵†‡ ‹•‡ ʹǡͷǦ͹  ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒ†Ç” ȋf‡‹Ž ʹǡ ͶȌǤ. ǯ‹ „‹” „ƒçƒ ڜ‡ŽŽ‹º‹ „ƒçŽƒ‰Ç ǐ†ƒ ‹–‹„ƒ”‡ „ƒœÇ Ç•ƒ ‡•ƒˆ‡Ž‡” Šƒ”‹­ Š‡‡ Š‡” ›‡”†‡ǡƒçƒºÇǡ‘”–ƒ˜‡›—ƒ”Ç›ƒ–ƒ–ƒ‡†‡”‡•Ž‹ ƒƒŽŽƒ”ƒ •ƒŠ‹’ ‘Žƒ•Ç†Ç” ȋf‡‹Ž ʹȌǤ ƒŽŽÇ ȋ†‡–”‹–‹Ȍ ƒƒ­Žƒƒ ƒºÇƒ •ƒŠ‹’ ƒƒ”•—Žƒ”ǡ ‰‡‡Ž†‡ ›—ƒ”Ç ˜‡ ‘”–ƒ ›ƒ–ƒŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ ڔ‰òŽò ƒƒŽŽƒ”ƒ •ƒŠ‹’–‹”Ž‡”ǡ ›ƒŽÇœ ƒ ƒçƒºÇ ›ƒ–ƒǦ Žƒ”ǐ†ƒ ‡†‡”‡•Ž‹ ƒƒ”Žƒ” ȋ‹ƒŽŽǡ ͳͻͻ͸Ǣ ”‹†‰‡ǡ ʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ  ‹•‡ ›—ƒ”Ç ›ƒ–ƒ–ƒ  ǡ ‘”–ƒ ›ƒ–ƒ–ƒ ‡‹œŽ‹ ”ƒ„‡‹ǡ ƒçƒºÇ ›ƒ–ƒ–ƒ ‹•‡   ‹­‹†‡ ƒƒ” ˜‡ Š‡” ò­ ‰”ƒ„‡‹ –ƒ„ƒŽƒ”Ç „ò›ò ڎ­ò†‡ ‡†‡”‡•Ž‹ ƒƒŽŽƒ”ǐ ‰‡œ‹‡ǡ ›‡”†‡º‹ç–‹”‡ ƒŽƒÇ ‘Ž—ç–—”Ǥ ƒƒŽ Šƒ”‡Ǧ ‡–Ž‡”‹›ƒŽÇœ ƒ‰”ƒ„‡‡ƒ”Žƒ”ǐ†ƒ‹Ž‡”Ž‡›‡ ƒŽò˜›‘ ›‡Ž’ƒœ‡Ž‡”‹ ‹Ž‡ •ÇÇ”Žƒƒ–ƒ†Ç” ȋf‡‹Ž ͷǦ͹ȌǤ ò ‡Ž—›†—‰Ú”ò–òŽ‡”‹†‡•‡­‹Ž‡„‹Ž†‹º‹ ƒ†ƒ”Ç›Žƒǡ ‡Š‹” ƒƒ ›ƒ–ƒºÇÇ ‰‡œ‹‡ ‰‡Ǧ. BMN Kaynak KayalarÇ ‡Š‹” Œ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹†‡ǡ ‡Š”‹ ‡†‹•‹ ƒ†ƒ” òœ‡”‹†‡ ƒ–ǺÇ ˜‡ •—›—— –‘’Žƒ†ÇºÇ ƒŽƒÇ Ž‹–‘Ž‘Œ‹•‹†‡ڐ‡Ž‹”‘Ž‘›ƒ”ǡ­òòŽ‹–‘Ž‘Œ‹Š‡ –‘”–—Ž ƒ›ƒºÇ Š‡ †‡ ‘”ˆ‘Ž‘Œ‹ ‡Ž‡ƒÇ†Ç” ȋ”‹†‰‡ǡ ʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ — †—”— ڜ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡  ‹­‹ ­‘†‹ƒ–­‡‹ ‹†‹”ǡ­òò­‘­‡ç‹–Ž‹Ž‹–‘Ž‘Œ‹›‡ •ƒŠ‹’ ƒ”ƒœ‹†‡ ƒƒ”Ǥ ǯ‹ ƒçƒºÇ ›ƒ–ƒ.  fekil 5Ǥ›—ƒ”Ç›ƒ–ƒ„ÚŽ‰‡•‹‹ȋƒŽƒǦ‹ƒ” ”ƒ„‡‹ȌŒ‡‘Ž‘Œ‹Šƒ”‹–ƒ•Çȋ ò”„òœ˜‡†‹ºǤʹͲͳʹǯ†ƒ †‡º‹ç–‹”‹Ž‡”‡ȌǤ Figure 5. Geological map of the upper course of the RBM (Baklan-Dinar graben; modified from Gürbüz et al., 2012). . . ͵͹. .

(37)  ‹œƒ‡––‹

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