Fundamentals for optimal performance and on-farm
disease prevention and control
Fish
Environment
Pathogen
• Good husbandry
• Good nutrition
• Good genetic stock
• Good management
• Good environment
• Good bio-security
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Succession
• The aquatic organisms within an aquaculture pond will vary
over time
• It is therefore important to have a good understanding of the
population dynamics within your pond to stabilise population
numbers of aquatic organisms and to ensure that the system
will not crash.
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Changes in Oxygen level due to different algae density
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Oxygen dynamics
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pH daily fluctuations
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Osmoregulation
• A freshwater fish will gain water via osmosis.
• Excess water is excreted in the urine and ion uptake is through the gills
• If salinity is too high, the fish will start to lose water to the environment. As
freshwater fish are not physiologically adapted to osmoregulate within a
saline water source, decreased growth and survival can occur under these
conditions
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Alkalinity changes in different types of pond
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Water quality limits
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Water quality limits
Boyd (1998) “Water Quality for Pond Aquaculture”
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