Flexor (anterior) aspect of forearm
Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu
elbow
wrist
Bones Bones
of of
hand hand
COMMON FLEXOR TENDON:
Common origin for flexor group of muscles of forearm:
Medial epicondyle (of humerus)
Superficial veins
Cephalic v.
Basilic v.
Median cubital v.
Antebrachial vv.
Dorsal venous arch
Lateral side Cephalic v
Medial side Basilic v.
Median cubital v.
Drains into axillary v.
Continues as axillary v.
Superficial nerves
Brachial plexus
- Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm ( br.of brach. Plex.) -Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (terminal part of musculocutaneous n.)
Deep fascia
Continuation of deep fascia of arm
Tickens and form flexor
retinaculum at wrist
Muscles
- Superficial group:
Pronator teres m.
Flexor carpi radialis m Palmaris longus m.
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
- Middle group:
Flexor digitorum superficialis m.
- Deep group:
Flexor digitorum profundus m.
Flexor pollicis longus m.
Pronator
quadratus m.
P r o n q .
Pronator teres Pronator teres
O: O:
- humeral head:
- humeral head:
Medial Epicondyle Medial Epicondyle
- Ulnar head: coronoid - Ulnar head: coronoid
process process
I: I:
- Middle of lateral surface - Middle of lateral surface
of Radius of Radius N:Median n.
N:Median n.
F: F:
- Pronates and flexes - Pronates and flexes
forearm
forearm
Flexor carpi Flexor carpi
radialis radialis
O: Medial Epicondyle O: Medial Epicondyle
I: IInd metacarpal bone I: IInd metacarpal bone
N. Median n.
N. Median n.
F: flexes and abducts hand (at F: flexes and abducts hand (at
wrist)
wrist)
Palmaris Longus Palmaris Longus
O: medial Epicondyle O: medial Epicondyle
I: palmar Aponeurosis distal half I: palmar Aponeurosis distal half
of flexor retinaculum of flexor retinaculum
N. Median N. Median
F: flexes hand (at wrist) and F: flexes hand (at wrist) and
tightens palmar aponeurosis tightens palmar aponeurosis
Note that:The tendon of palmaris Note that:The tendon of palmaris longus m. Passes superficial to longus m. Passes superficial to
flexor retinaculum
flexor retinaculum
Flexor carpi Flexor carpi
ulnaris ulnaris
O: O:
Humeral head: medial Epicondyle Humeral head: medial Epicondyle Ulnar head:Olecranon
Ulnar head:Olecranon
posterior border of ulna posterior border of ulna I: pisiform bone
I: pisiform bone hook of hamate hook of hamate
5th metacarpal bone 5th metacarpal bone
N:Ulnar nerve N:Ulnar nerve
F: flexes and abducts hand (at F: flexes and abducts hand (at
wrist)
wrist)
Middle group : :
Flexor digitorum Flexor digitorum
superficialis) superficialis)
O: Humeroulnar head: O: Humeroulnar head:
Medial epicondyle, Medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral lig, ulnar collateral lig,
coronoid process of ulna coronoid process of ulna
Radial head
Radial head : Radius : Radius I: middle phalanges of I: middle phalanges of
2-5 (medial four) digits’
2-5 (medial four) digits’
N: Median n.
N: Median n.
Each tendon divides into two slips Each tendon divides into two slips at the level of prox. Phalanges , at the level of prox. Phalanges ,
and each slip inserts to lateral and each slip inserts to lateral
sides of middle phalanges
sides of middle phalanges
F:
Flexes middle
phalanges of 2-5
digits at proximal
interphalangeal joint
and flexes hand
Deep group:
Deep group:
Flexor digitorum Flexor digitorum
profundus profundus
O: anterior surfaces of ulna and O: anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanges of 2-5 digits I: base of distal phalanges of 2-5 digits
N: Medial part (little and ring fingers): ulnar N: Medial part (little and ring fingers): ulnar
n. n.
Lateral part (index and middle fingers):
Lateral part (index and middle fingers):
ant interosseous nerve from median n.
ant interosseous nerve from median n.
F: Flexes distal phalanges of 2-5 digits; also
F: Flexes distal phalanges of 2-5 digits; also
assists flexion of hand assists flexion of hand
Fexor Pollicis Fexor Pollicis
Longus Longus
O: Ant surface of radius O: Ant surface of radius interosseous membrane interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
N: Ant interosseous nerve N: Ant interosseous nerve
from median n.
from median n.
F: Flexes thumb
F: Flexes thumb
Pronator Pronator
Quadratus Quadratus
O: ant surface of ulna O: ant surface of ulna
I: Distal part of ant surface I: Distal part of ant surface
of radius of radius
N: Ant interosseous nerve N: Ant interosseous nerve
from median n.
from median n.
F: Pronates forearm ( main F: Pronates forearm ( main
pronator) pronator)
For fast and powerful For fast and powerful pronation also pronator pronation also pronator
teres contracts
teres contracts
Cubital Cubital
Fossa
Fossa
Base: line between medial and lateral epicondyle
Medial border: pronator teres m
Lateral border:brachioradialis m
Floor:
brachialis and
supinator
mm
Contents:
- Median cubital v.
-Tendon of biceps brachi m.
- Brachial a.
- Median n.
ARTERIES of forearm region Ulnar a.
Radial a.
Ulnar artery
Branch of brachial a
Branches of ulnar a.
1-Recurrent ulnar a. (ant+post.) 2- Gives Common interosseous a.
Ant interosseous a:
ant to interosseous membrane
Post
interosseous a
3- Palmar carpal br.
4-Dorsal carpal br.
5- Deep palmar br. (closes deep palmar arch)
Deep palmar arch is mainly formed by : radial a.
Superficial palmar arch is mainly formed by : ulnar a.
