Joints of the Upper Limb
Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu
Anatomy Department Anatomy Department
Joints of the Upper Limb
Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu
Anatomy Department
Anatomy Department
Sternoclavicular joint. Sternoclavicular joint.
Acromioclavicular j. Acromioclavicular j.
Glenohumaral (shoulder) J. Glenohumaral (shoulder) J.
Elbow j.(Humeroulnar+humeroradial+proximal radioulnar j.) Elbow j.(Humeroulnar+humeroradial+proximal radioulnar j.)
Distal radioulnar j. Distal radioulnar j.
Wrist j. ( radiocarpal j.) Wrist j. ( radiocarpal j.)
Intercarpal joints Intercarpal joints
Carpometacarpal joints Carpometacarpal joints
Metacarpophalangeal joints Metacarpophalangeal joints
Interphalangeal joints Interphalangeal joints
Sternoclavicular joint Sternoclavicular joint
Occurs Occurs
betw:Sternal end betw:Sternal end
of clavicle – of clavicle –
manubrium of manubrium of
sternum + the 1st sternum + the 1st
costal cartilage costal cartilage
Type: saddle Type: saddle
Has Articular disc Has Articular disc within the joint
within the joint cavity
cavity
Sternoclavicular joint Sternoclavicular joint
Ligaments: Ligaments:
Articular Capsule Articular Capsule
Ant. Ant.
sternoclavicular sternoclavicular
Post. Post.
sternoclavicular sternoclavicular
Interclavicular Interclavicular
Costoclavicular Costoclavicular
Movements Movements
Circumduction Circumduction
Also Some Also Some
Rotation
Rotation
Acromio-clavicular Acromio-clavicular
joint joint
Occurs Occurs bw: bw:
Clavicle
Clavicle – – acromion acromion
Type: Type: Plane (Has an Plane (Has an Articular disc)
Articular disc)
Ligaments: Ligaments:
Fibrous capsule Fibrous capsule
Articular Capsule Articular Capsule
Acromioclavicular Acromioclavicular
Coraco- Coraco-
clavicular(has 2 clavicular(has 2
parts:trapezoid (ant.) parts:trapezoid (ant.)
+conoid(post.) +conoid(post.)
Movements:
Movements:
anterior&posterior
anterior&posterior
Shoulder (glenohumeral) Shoulder (glenohumeral)
joint joint
Type: Ball & socket Type: Ball & socket
Occurs bw:head of Occurs bw:head of
Humerus and glenoid Humerus and glenoid
cavity of scapula cavity of scapula
Glenoid labrum: Glenoid labrum:
Ringlike structure Ringlike structure which deepens the which deepens the
glenoid cavity.
glenoid cavity.
Articular capsule of Articular capsule of
glenohumeral joint glenohumeral joint
Loose Loose fibrous capsule fibrous capsule
permits a very wide permits a very wide range of movement range of movement
Anteriorly thickens: Anteriorly thickens:
called the called the
glenuhumeral lig.
glenuhumeral lig.
Articular capsule is Articular capsule is pierced by:tendon pierced by:tendon
of long head of
of long head of
bice bice ps brachii m ps brachii m
Humeral head is held Humeral head is held in the glenoid cavity in the glenoid cavity by rotator cuff mm.
by rotator cuff mm.
Rotator cuff muscles: Rotator cuff muscles:
Supraspinatus m Supraspinatus m
Infraspinatus m Infraspinatus m
Teres minor m Teres minor m
Subscapularis m Subscapularis m
Inf. part: Weakest area Inf. part: Weakest area
(the only part
(the only part not not
reinforced by rotator reinforced by rotator cuff mm)
cuff mm)
Ligaments Ligaments
Fibrous capsule Fibrous capsule
Coracohumeral lig. Coracohumeral lig.
Transverse humeral Transverse humeral lig lig
Converts Converts
intertubercular sulcus intertubercular sulcus into a canal
into a canal
Passes long tendon of Passes long tendon of biceps
biceps
Coracoacromial lig.: Coracoacromial lig.:
very thick,prevents very thick,prevents upward dislocation of upward dislocation of the humerus.
the humerus.
Movements around the Movements around the
shoulder joint shoulder joint
Type:ball&socket; so Type:ball&socket; so has 3 axes
has 3 axes
The movements occur The movements occur around those 3 axes around those 3 axes
Flexion – extension Flexion – extension
Abduction – Abduction – adduction adduction
Rotation Rotation
Circumduction Circumduction
Circumduction: Circumduction:
Orderly sequence of Orderly sequence of flex, abd, ext, add or flex, abd, ext, add or
reverse
reverse
Elbow joint Elbow joint
Formed by 3 separate joints: Formed by 3 separate joints:
1- Humeroulnar 1- Humeroulnar 2- Humeroradial 2- Humeroradial 3- prox. Radioulnar 3- prox. Radioulnar
-- --
but all 3 are within the same but all 3 are within the same capsulecapsule
Humeroulnar: bw. trochlea Humeroulnar : bw. trochlea (humerus) & trochlear notch (humerus) & trochlear notch (ulna),
(ulna),
type: hinge type : hinge movements
movements:flexion-extension :flexion-extension
Humeroradial: bw. Capitulum Humeroradial : bw. Capitulum (humerus) & radial
(humerus) & radial
head,concavity at the top head,concavity at the top type: ball&socket (spheroid) type : ball&socket (spheroid)
movements
movements:flexion-extension :flexion-extension
Proximal radio-ulnar:bw. Radial Proximal radio-ulnar:bw. Radial notch (ulna) & radial head
notch (ulna) & radial head (disclike part)-
(disclike part)- has annular lig. has annular lig.
Type: pivot(uniaxial) Type : pivot(uniaxial) movements
movements: med&lat.rotation) : med&lat.rotation)
Ligaments of Ligaments of
the elbow the elbow
joint joint
Radial Radial
(lateral)collateral (lateral)collateral
Ulnar Ulnar
(medial)collateral (medial)collateral
Annular lig Annular lig : With the : With the radial notch, forms a radial notch, forms a
ring (completely ring (completely
encircles radial head.
encircles radial head.
Oblique cord Oblique cord : situated : situated where the interosseus where the interosseus membrane is deficient membrane is deficient
at the top;extends from at the top;extends from radial tuberosity to the radial tuberosity to the
coronoid process
coronoid process
Distal radioulnar Distal radioulnar
joint joint
Type:Pivot Type:Pivot
Bw: Head of ulna – Bw: Head of ulna – ulnar notch (radius) ulnar notch (radius)
Lig:Articular Lig:Articular capsule
capsule
Movements: During Movements: During pron. & supin. of
pron. & supin. of forearm & hand, forearm & hand,
distal end of radius distal end of radius moves ant. & med., moves ant. & med.,
crossing ulna crossing ulna
anteriorly
anteriorly
Wrist (radiocarpal) Wrist (radiocarpal)
joint joint
Ellipsoid type Ellipsoid type
Bw:Distal end of Bw:Distal end of radius – prox. row radius – prox. row
of carpal bones of carpal bones
(except pisiform) (except pisiform)
lig:s: lig:s:
Fibrous capsule Fibrous capsule
Ulnar collateral lig Ulnar collateral lig
Radial collateral lig Radial collateral lig
Movements: Flex, Movements: Flex, ext, abd, add,
ext, abd, add,
circumduction
circumduction
Ligs &
Ligs &
movements movements
Fibrous capsule Fibrous capsule
Ulnar collateral lig Ulnar collateral lig
Radial collateral lig Radial collateral lig
Movements: Flex, Movements: Flex, ext, abd, add,
ext, abd, add,
circumduction
circumduction
Intercarpal Intercarpal
joints joints
Type: Type:
- - lateral part lateral part : modified : modified Plane
Plane
- - medial part medial part : ellipsoid : ellipsoid
Joints between carpal Joints between carpal bones of
bones of prox. row prox. row
Joints between carpal Joints between carpal bones of
bones of distal row distal row
Midcarpal joint; Midcarpal joint;
between
between prox & distal prox & distal rows rows , complex joint , complex joint
Pisotriquetral joint Pisotriquetral joint ; ;
pisiform – palmar
pisiform – palmar
surface of triquetrum
surface of triquetrum
Ligs &
Ligs &
movements movements
Ligs Ligs
Palmar intercarpal Palmar intercarpal
Dorsal intercarpal Dorsal intercarpal interosseous
interosseous
Movements Movements
