Screening of the Flavonoid Content of Some Plants Growing in Erzurum Province in

FABAD J. Pharm. Sci., 25, 141-144, 2000

RESEARCH ARTICLES /BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMALAR

Screening of the Flavonoid Content of Some Plants Growing in Erzurum Province in

Turkey·

Zuhal GÜVENALP*, L. Ömür DEMİREZER**", Yusuf KAYA***, Mansur HARMANDAR*

Screening of the Flavonoid Content of Some Plants Growing in Enurom Province in Turkey

Suınmary: Forty planı species in differentfamily were col- lected fronı the Erzurum province of Turkey. The quantity of flavonoids in these samples were deternıined by UV-

spectrophotoınetry. it wasfound that Conıpositae (0.07-1.14

%), Cruciferae (0.49-1.54 %), Polygonaceae (2.17 %), Leg- uminosae (0.48-2.07 %) and Rubiaceae (0.08-1.55 ^%) were superior to other researched plant family.

Keywords : Flavonoid content, UV spectrophotometry.

Received Revised Accepted

29.11.1999 23.05.2000 05.06.2000

!NlRODUCTION

Turkey has one of the most extensive floras in the Eu- ropean continent with more than 9000 flowering

planı speciesl as compared to_ 12 000 species far the whole of Europe. Flavonoids are iınportant sec- ondary metabolites of high plants with many bio- logical activities, such as diuretic, antibacterial, anti- viral, antihımor, purgative, antispazmodic, anti- fungal, antihelminthic, coronary vasodilator, anti- hepatotoxic, antihyperlipidemic and they decrease capillary permeabiJity2. In recent years some studies have shown that the production of free oxygen rad- icals is reduced by flavonoids³.4. Therefore flav- onoids are iınportant antioxidant substances. The

aiın of this screening work is to find new sources that contain high amounts of flavonoids in Turkey.

Türkiye'de Erzurum Yöresinde Yeti{ıen Bazı Bitkilerin Flavonoit Miktarlarının Taranması

Özet: Türkiye'de Erzurıını yöresinden, çeşitlifamilyalara ait toplam 40 bitki türü toplandı. Bu örneklerdeki flavonoit mik-

tarları UV-spektrofotometresi ile tayin edildi. Flavonoit mik-

tarı, Compositae (% 0.07-1.14), Crııciferae (% 0.49-1.54), Polygonaceae (% 2.17), Leguminosae (% 0.48-2.07) ve Ru- biaceae (o/o 0.08-1.55) fanıilyalarında, araştırılan diğer bit- kilerin familyalarına göre daha yüksek oranda bulundu.

Anahtar kelimeler: Flavonoit ıniktar tayini, UV spek-

trofotoınetre.

The present cornmunication reports the comparative analysis of the flavonoid contents in 40 plan! species belonging to 17 planı family from the Erzurum prov- ince (Eastem Anatolia). The determination was car- ried aut by spectrophotometric method.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant rnaterials

Planı materials were collected from the area around of Erzurum (Turkey) and dried under shady condi- tion. Voucher specimens are deposited in the herbar- ium of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy (HUEF) and herbarium nurnber of each specimen is given in parenthesis. Anchusa Jeptophylla Roem- er&Schultes (96041), Anchusa azurea Miller (96031),

*

**

***Department of Botanic, Faculty of Natura} Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurumffurkey

°

141

Güvenalp/ Demirezer/ Kaya/ Ha1mandar

Alkanna orientalis (L.) Boiss. {96016), Campanula ste- venii Bieb. (96042), Campanula lyrata Lam. (96049), Saponaria prostrata Willd. (96043), Silene sper- gulifolia (Desi.) Bieb. (96030), Tripleurospermum Schultz Bip. (Cont.) oreades (Boiss.)Rech. (96035), Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (96033), Achillea mil- lefolium L. (96017), Centaurea depressa Bieb. (96040),

Ciclıorium intybus L. (96020), Helichrysum plicahım

DC. (96027), Matricaria chamomilla L. (96037), Se- necio vernalis Waldst&Kit. (96036), Tanacetum ab- rotanifolium (L.) (96050), Allysıım pateri Ny·r (96026), Aetlıionema arabicıım (L.) R. Br. (96025), Is- atis candolleana Boiss. (96034), Coronilla orientalis Miller (96045), Adonis aestivalis L. (96052), Veronica orientalis Miller (96039), Plantago lanceolata L.

(96021), Hypericıım perforatıım L. (96029), Salvia candidissima Vahl. (96015), Nepeta rasemosa La.

(96051), Ajııga chamaepitys (L.) Schreber subsp. chia (Schreber) var. ciliata Briq. (96024), Teucriıım orien- tale L. (96028), Lamiıım pıırpurea L. (96019), Poly- gonum alpinum All. (96044), Daııcııs carota L.

(96060), Canım carvi L. (96038), Vicia cracca L.

(96059), Vicia canescens Lab. (96048), Reseda lııtea L.

(96018), Euphorbia orientalis L. (96023), Galium ver- um L. (96047), Galium palustre L. (96046), Cruciata taurica L. (96032), Centranthus longiflorus Stev.

subsp. longiflorus (96022).

Sample preparation

Extracts from the herb were obtained by the method given in Pharmacopeia (DAB 10)5. Accurately weighed 0.6 g powdered planı material was heated with 1 ml 0.5 % hexamethylentetramin, 20 ml acetone and 2 ml 25 % HCl far 30 min. under reflux and ex- tracted three times with ethyl acetate. 1 ml A1Cl₃ re- agent was added 10 ml ethylacetate solution and was until 25 ml with methanolic glacial acetic acid. After 30 min, tl1e absorbance was n1easured at 425 ruı1 for all flavonoid glycosides. The results was calculated as hyperosidc:

Hyperoside %: 1.25 x E/T

E: Extinction of analysed solution, T: weight of drug (g)

All samples have been analyzed in duplicate.

142

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The plants were collected from the Erzurum province and flavonoid contents were determined according to the German Pharmacopea5. All samples were an- alysed in duplicate. Results are shown in Table 1. Un- til now, yellow flowers were known to contain more flavonoids than the other flowers having different colours. If their flavonoid content are compared with regards to colo11rs of flowers, no linear correlation be- tween colours of flowers a11d flavonoid conte11ts can be seen. Flavonoid contents of:

yellow flowers 0.07 - 2.07 % (17 plants) whlte flowers 0.09- 2. 17 % (8 plants) blue flowers 0.13 - 1. 53 % (15 plants)

It is evident from Table 1, !hat the percentages of flav- onoids were faund to be higher in the Compositae, Cruciferae, Polygonaceae, Leguminosae and Ru- biaceae families !han other researched planı families.

An important planı in folk medicine is Helichrysıım plicatıım (Compositae) which has a rich flavonoid content (1.14 %) with yellow flowers. This planı is used commonly in traditional medicine as a diuretic far treating kidney stone in Turkey⁶. On the other hand, although the Cruciferae family havc fairly high flavonoid contents !hey are not used in traditional medicine. (Aethionema arabicum 1.54 %). This family can be conceivable as a flavonoid source, but tox- icologic evaluations of these plants have to be made initially. Coronilla orientalis (Leguminosae) with a 2.08 % flavonoid content, is a really good flavonoid source but is very toxic. Tl1erefore their using is not favourable. Cruciata taurica from Rubiaceae has a 1.55 o/o flavonoid content. It can be acceptable as a new flavonoid source. Some Polygonum spec. were used up vegetables in Turkey6. In our previous study we have found !hat a new dihydro chalcon in Poly-

gonııın salicifolium and its radical-scavenging prop- erty were evaluated against the DPPH radical7. Poly- gonum alpinıım (Polygonaceae) hasa fairly high flav- onoid content (2. 17 %), so it may be a good flavonoid so11rce.

'

FABAD J. Plıarnı. Sci., 25, 141-144, 2000

Table 1. Flavonoid contents of some plants growing in Erzurum

FAM!LY TRADffiONAL USAGE s FLAVONOID% COLOURS OF FLOWERS

Boraginaceae

Anchızsa azızrea Antidiabetic, diuretic, 0.461 Blue-purple

Diuretic

Andıusa leptophylla Against menorrhagia 0.573 Darkblue

Alkanna orientalis 0.497 Yellow

Cam12anulaceae

Caınpanızla stevenii W oın1d healing 0.699 Light lila

Campamıla lyrata Antidiarrheal 0.126 Lila

Caıyo12hy-llaceae

Saponaria prostrata Diuretic 0.715 Rose

Silene sperculifolia Diuretic 0.489 Yellow

Com12ositae

Tripleurospeımum oreades ^- 0.736 White

Achillea biebersteinii Apperative 0.608 Yellow

Aclıillea millefolium Diuretic 0.305 White

Ce11taurea depressa Apperative,tonic, Expectoran 0.44 Dark blue

Ciclıorium intybızs Against scar, wounds 0.519 Light blue

Hcliclırysum plicahım Agaiııst wounds, burns ^1.135 Yellow

.ı\1atricaria chamomillae Diuretic, sedative, 0.481 Yellowish white

Senecio verna]is Carminative, apperative 0.365 Yellow

Tanacetum abrotanifolium Diuretic, carminative 0.07 Yellow

Cruciferae

Allysun1 pateri ^- 0.485 Yellow

Aethioııeına arabicuın - 1.538 Rose

Isatis candolleana W ound healing 0.566 Yellow

Eu12horbiaceae

Euplıorbia orie11talis ^{- 0.209 Yellow}

Hy-j2ericaceae

Hypeı]cum perforatun1 Antispasmodic, sedative, 0.456 Yellow

antihelrnintlıic, wound healing, antiseptic Labiatae

Salvia candidissima Carminative, wound healing 0.966 White

Nepeta racemosa Stimulant 0.511 Blue-purple

A.juga chamaepitys (L.) Diuretic, tonic 0.836 Yellow

Schreber subsp. chia var cilia ta

Teucriun1 orientale Antidiabetic, analgesic, 0.653 Blue-purple

wound healing

Lamiı.ıın pı11purea Tonic 0.640 Rose

143

Güvenalp, Demirezer,, Kaya, Haımandar

Leguminosae

Vicia cracca Diuretic, aphrodisiac, tonic 0,479 Dark blue

Vicia canescens ^-

Coronilla orientalis Antidiarrhocal Plantaginaceae

Plantago lanceolata Stornach ache, abscess

mahıration

Polygonaceae

Polygonum alpinum Diuretic, antidiabetic Ranunculaccae

Adonis aestivalis Diuretic, cardiotonic Resedaccae

Reseda lutea Diuretic, purgative Rubiaccae

Galium verum Diuretic, cholagogue Galium palustre Antidiarrheal, sedative

Cnıciata taurica ^- Scro12hulariaceae

Veronica orientalis Diuretic, wound healing Umbelliferae

Da ucus carota Diuretic, carminative

Carum carvi Diuretic, carminative

V alerianaceae

Centranthus longiflorus Antidiarrheal REFERENCES

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