MEDICAL STUDENT AND LIFELONG LEARNING
Dr. İpek Gönüllü
LEARNING TEORIES
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It can be mentioned that there are three basic
theory groups that explain learning in the learning theories during the historical process;
- Behaviorism learning theory - Cognitive learning theory
- Constructivism learning theory
Behaviorism learning theory
• According to the behavioral learning theory, human behaviors are learned behaviors and knowledge is a repertoire of behaviors.
• Knowledge is a set of passive, largely mechanical responses to environmental stimuli.
• The theory suggests that behaviors are influenced and learned from external forces rather than internal forces.
Behaviorism learning theory
• An effective reinforcement schedule requires consistent repetition of the material; small, progressive sequences of tasks; and continuous positive reinforcement.
• Behaviorists explain motivation in terms of schedules of positive and negative reinforcement.
• Behaviorist teaching methods have proven most
successful in areas where there is a “correct” response or easily memorized material.
Cognitive learning theory
• The cognitive theory suggests that internal thoughts and external forces are both an important part of the cognitive process.
• The cognitive learning theory impacts students because their understanding of their thought process can help
them learn.
Constructivism learning theory
• The constructivism learning theory is based on the idea that students actually create their own learning based on their previous experience.
• This learning theory focuses on learning as an active process, personal and unique for each student.
• It paid more attention to what went on “inside the learner’s head.”
Constructivism learning theory
• Knowledge comprises active systems of intentional mental representations derived from past learning experiences.
• The role of the teacher is to facilitate by guiding learners as they attempt to assimilate new knowledge to old and to modify the old to accommodate the new.
