İlköğretim din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi dersi inanç öğretiminde esbab-ı nüzul

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(1)T.C. 6$.$5<$h1ø9(56ø7(6ø 626<$/%ø/ø0/(5(167ø7h6h. ø/.gö5(7ø0'ø1.h/7h5h9($+/$.%ø/*ø6ø '(56øø1$1dgö5(7ø0ø1'((6%$%-,1h=8/. <h.6(./ø6$167(=ø 0X]DIIHUh=h0&h. (QVWLW$QDELOLP'DOÕ : Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri (QVWLW%LOLP'DOÕ 'LQ(÷LWLPL. 7H]'DQÕúPDQÕ3URI'U5HFHS.$<0$.&$1. +$=ø5$1 -2011.

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(3) BEYAN Bu tezin. yazÕOmasÕQGD bilimsel ahlak kurallarÕna uyuldu÷unu, baúkalarÕQÕQ. eserlerinden yararlanÕOmasÕ durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atÕIWD bulunuldu÷unu, kullanÕlan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapÕOmDGÕ÷ÕQÕ tezin herhangi bir NÕVmÕQÕn EX Qiversite veya baúka bir Qiversitedeki bDúka bir tez oalÕúmasÕ olarak sunulmadÕ÷ÕnÕbeyan ederim.. Muzaffer h=h0&h 11.06.2011.

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(5) ødø1'(.ø/(5 KISALTMALAR ....................................................................................................... iii 7$%/2/ø67(6ø ....................................................................................................... iv g=(7........................................................................................................................... vi SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ vii *ø5øù .......................................................................................................................... 1 %g/h0(6%$%-,1h=8/ .................................................................................. 5 1.1. Esbab-Õ1]XOQ7DQÕPÕ ....................................................................................... 5 1.2. Esbab-Õ1]XO%LOPHQLQgQHPL .......................................................................... 7 1.3. Esbab-Õ1]XOQ'R÷XúXYH*HOLúLPL ................................................................... 10 1.4. Esbab-Õ1]XOQ7DULKVHOOL÷L ................................................................................ 12 1.5. Esbab-Õ1]XOH%D÷OÕ6ÕQÕUOÕOÕNODU ......................................................................... 14 1.6. Esbab-Õ1]XOQ.DEXOùDUWODUÕ ............................................................................ 16 1.7. Esbab- 1]XOQ6XQXPùHNLOOHUL .......................................................................... 18 %g/h0ø/.gö5(7ø0gö5(1&ø6ø1ø1*(/øùø0ø ................................... 20 %LOLúVHO*HOLúLP ..................................................................................................... 20 $KODNL*HOLúLP ...................................................................................................... 24 6RV\DO*HOLúLP ...................................................................................................... 28 'LQL*HOLúLP .......................................................................................................... 31 øQDQo*HOLúLPL ....................................................................................................... 35 %g/h0ø/.gö5(7ø0'.$%'(56øø1$1dgö5(7ø0ø ........................ 38 3.1. øON|÷UHWLP'.$%'HUVLg÷UHQPH$ODQODUÕ .......................................................... 38 3.2. øON|÷UHWLP'.$%'HUVLøQDQog÷UHWLPL.RQXODUÕ ............................................... 47 3.3. øON|÷UHWLP'.$%'HUVLøQDQog÷UHWLPL.RQXODUÕQÕQdRFXNODUÕQ*HOLúLPLQH 8\JXQOX÷X ............................................................................................................. 54 3.3.1. '|UGQF6ÕQÕIøQDQo|÷UHQPH$ODQÕQÕQdRFXNODUÕQ'LQL*HOLúLP 1LWHOLNOHULQH8\JXQOX÷X ......................................................................... 54 3.3.2. %HúLQFL6ÕQÕI.RQXODUÕQÕQdRFXNODUÕQ'LQL*HOLúLP1LWHOLNOHULQH UygXQOX÷X .............................................................................................. 56. i.

(6) 3.3.3. $OWÕQFÕ6ÕQÕI.RQXODUÕQÕQdRFXNODUÕQ'LQL*HOLúLP1LWHOLNOHULQH 8\JXQOX÷X .............................................................................................. 58 3.3.4. <HGLQFL6ÕQÕI.RQXODUÕQÕQdRFXNODUÕQ'LQL*HOLúLP1LWHOLNOHULQH 8\JXQOX÷X .............................................................................................. 59 3.3.5. 6HNL]LQFL6ÕQÕI.RQXODUÕQÕQdRFXNODUÕQ'LQL*HOLúLP1LWHOLNOHULQH 8\JXQOX÷X .............................................................................................. 61 3.4. øON|÷UHWLP'.$%'HUVLøQDQog÷UHWLPL.RQXODUÕQÕQdRFXNODUÕQ*HOLúLPLQH*|UH g÷UHWLPLYH(VEDE-Õ1]XO .................................................................................. 62 3.5. $OODKøQDQFÕhQLWHVL.RQXODUÕQÕQ(VEDE-Õ1]XOOHøúOHQLúL««««««««. %g/h0%8/*8/$59(<2580/$5 ........................................................... 89 4.1. $UDúWÕUPD\D.DWÕODQ'HQHNOHULQ.LúLVHOg]HOOLNOHUL ............................................. 89 4.2. Kontrol ve Deney Grubu Deneklerinin gQWHVWYH6RQWHVW3XDQODUÕQÕQ*HQHO *|UQP ................................................................................................................ 92 .RQWUROYH'HQH\*UXEXQD$LW'HQHNOHULQgQWHVW-6RQWHVW3XDQODUÕQÕQ7-Testi 6RQXoODUÕ .................................................................................................................. 97 4.4. Kontrol ve DenH\*UXEXQD$LW'HQHNOHULQgQWHVW-6RQWHVW3XDQODUÕQÕQ%D÷ÕPVÕ] 'H÷LúNHQOHUH*|UH)DUNOÕODúPDVÕ ............................................................................ 100 6218d ........................................................................................................................ 109 .$<1$.d$ .............................................................................................................. 111 EKLER ........................................................................................................................ 117 g=*(d0øù ................................................................................................................ 122. ii.

(7) KISALTMALAR F. : )GH÷HUL. N. : Frekans. P. : $QODPOÕOÕN3XDQÕ. S. : 6D\Õ. Sd. : Serbestlik Derecesi. Sh. : Standart hata. SPSS 6WDWLVWLFDO3DFNDJH)RU6RFLDO6FLHQFHV

(8) YHULDQDOL]LSURJUDPÕ Ss. : Standart Sapma. t. : 7WHVWLGH÷HUOHUL. TDV : 7UNL\H'L\DQHW9DNIÕ X. : Ortalama. Yay. :<D\ÕQODU. iii.

(9) 7$%/2/ø67(6ø Tablo 1: øON|÷UHWLP6ÕQÕI'LQ.OWUYH$KODN%LOJLVL'HUVLg÷UHQPH$ODQODUÕ hQLWHOHULYH6UHOHUL ......................................................................................... 47 Tablo 2: øON|÷UHWLP6ÕQÕI'LQ.OWUYH$KODN%LOJLVL'HUVLg÷UHQPH$ODQODUÕ hQLWHOHULYH6UHOHUL ......................................................................................... 48 Tablo 3: øON|÷UHWLP6ÕQÕI'LQ.OWUYH$KODN%LOJLVL'HUVLg÷UHQPH$ODQODUÕ hQLWHOHULYH6UHOHUL ......................................................................................... 48 Tablo 4: øON|÷UHWLP6ÕQÕI'LQ.OWUYH$KODN%LOJLVL 'HUVLg÷UHQPH$ODQODUÕ hQLWHOHULYH6UHOHUL ......................................................................................... 49 Tablo 5: øON|÷UHWLP6ÕQÕI'LQ.OWUYH$KODN%LOJLVL'HUVLg÷UHQPH$ODQODUÕ hQLWHOHULYH6UHOHUL ......................................................................................... 49 Tablo 6:øON|÷UHWLP'LQ.OWUYH$KODN%LOJLVL'HUVLøQDQog÷UHQPH$ODQODUÕ ....... 50 Tablo 7: g÷UHQFLOHULQ'kKLO2OGXNODUÕ*UXSODUD*|UH'D÷ÕOÕPÕ................................... 88 Tablo 8: 'HQHNOHULQ<DúODUD*|UH'D÷ÕOÕPÕ ................................................................. 89 Tablo 9: 'HQHNOHULQ&LQVL\HWLQH*|UH'D÷ÕOÕPÕ ........................................................... 89 Tablo 10: 'HQHNOHULQ$LOHOHULQLQ(NRQRPLN'XUXPODUÕQD*|UH'D÷ÕOÕPÕ ................... 89 Tablo 11: 'HQHNOHULQ%DEDODUÕQÕQg÷UHQLP'XUXPXQD*|UH'D÷ÕOÕPÕ ....................... 90 Tablo 12: 'HQHNOHULQ$QQHOHULQLQg÷UHQLP'XUXPXQD*|UH'D÷ÕOÕPÕ ....................... 90 Tablo 13: 'HQHNOHULQ%DEDODUÕQÕQ0HVOHNOHULQH*|UH'D÷ÕOÕPÕ ................................... 90 Tablo 14: Deneklerin $QQHOHULQLQ0HVOHNOHULQH*|UH'D÷ÕOÕPÕ .................................. 91 Tablo 15: 'HQHNOHULQ2NXO'ÕúÕ'LQ(÷LWLPL$OPD'XUXPXQD*|UH'D÷ÕOÕ ................ 91 Tablo 16: .RQWURO*UXEXQGDNL'HQHNOHULQgQWHVW3XDQODUÕ'D÷ÕOÕPÕ .......................... 92 Tablo 17: .RQWURO*UXEXQGDNL'HQHNOHULQ6RQWHVW3XDQODUÕ'D÷ÕOÕPÕ ......................... 93 Tablo 18: 'HQH\*UXEXQGDNL'HQHNOHULQgQWHVW3XDQODUÕ'D÷ÕOÕPÕ ............................ 94 Tablo 19: 'HQH\*UXEXQGDNL'HQHNOHULQ6RQWHVW3XDQODUÕ'D÷ÕOÕPÕ ........................... 95 Tablo 20: gQWHVW3XDQODUÕQÕQ.RQWURO-'HQH\*UXSODUÕQD*|UH7-7HVWL6RQXoODUÕ ....... 96 Tablo 21: 6RQWHVW3XDQODUÕQÕQ.RQWURO'HQH\*UXSODUÕQD*|UH7-7HVWL6RQXoODUÕ ...... 96 Tablo 22: .RQWURO*UXEXQGDNLg÷UHQFLOHULQgQWHVWYH6RQWHVW3XDQODUÕQÕQW-Testi ..... 98 Tablo 23: 'HQH\*UXEXQGDNLg÷UHQFLOHULQgQWHVWYH6RQWHVW3XDQODUÕQW-Testi 6RQXoODUÕ .......................................................................................................... 99 Tablo 24: Kontrol Grubu g÷UHQFLOHULQLQ gQWHVW3XDQODUÕQÕQ&LQVL\HWOHUH*|UHW- Testi 6RQXoODUÕ..«««««««««««««««««««««««««0. iv.

(10) Tablo 25: .RQW*UXEXg÷U Sontest PuanlaUÕQÕQ&LQV *|UHW- 7HVWL6RQXoODUÕ ........ 100 Tablo 26: 'HQH\*UXEXg÷UHQFLOHULQLQ gQWHVW3XDQODUÕQÕQ&LQVL\HWOHUH*|UHW- Testi 6RQXoODUÕ .................................................................................................... 100 Tablo 27: 'HQH\*UXEXg÷U SontHVW3XDQODUÕQÕQ&LQV*|UHW- 7HVWL6RQXoODUÕ ....... 101 Tablo 28: .RQWURO *UXEXQGDNL g÷UHQFLOHULQ gQWHVW 3XDQODUÕQÕQ $LOHOHULQLQ (NRQRPLN'XUXPXQD*|UH$QDOL]L ............................................................... 101 Tablo 29: .RQWURO *UXEXQGDNL g÷UHQFLOHULQ gQWHVW 3XDQODUÕQÕQ $ilelerinin (NRQRPLN'XUXPXQD*|UH9DU\DQV$QDOL]L6RQXoODUÕ ................................ 102 Tablo 30: .RQWURO *UXEXQGDNL g÷UHQFLOHULQ 6RQWHVW 3XDQODUÕQÕQ $LOHOHULQLQ (NRQRPLN'XUXPXQD*|UHW- 7HVWL6RQXoODUÕ ............................................... 102 Tablo 31: .RQWURO *UXEXQGDNL g÷UHQFLOHULQ 6RQWHVW 3XDQODUÕQÕQ $LOHOHULQLn (NRQRPLN'XUXPXQD*|UH9DU\DQV$QDOL]L6RQXoODUÕ ................................ 102 Tablo 32: 'HQH\ *UXEXQGDNL g÷UHQFLOHULQ gQWHVW 3XDQODUÕQÕQ $LOHOHULQLQ (NRQRPLN'XUXPXQD*|UHW- 7HVWL6RQXoODUÕ ............................................... 103 Tablo 33: 'HQH\ *UXEXQGDNL g÷UHQFLOHULQ gQWHVW 3XDQODUÕQÕQ $LOHOHULQLQ Ekonomik DuruPXQD*|UH9DU\DQV$QDOL]L6RQXoODUÕ ................................ 103 Tablo 34: 'HQH\ *UXEXQGDNL g÷UHQFLOHULQ 6RQWHVW 3XDQODUÕQÕQ $LOHOHULQLQ (NRQRPLN'XUXPXQD*|UHW- 7HVWL6RQXoODUÕ ............................................... 103 Tablo 35: 'HQH\ *UXEXQGDNL g÷UHQFLOHULQ 6RQWHVW 3XDQODUÕQÕQ $LOHOHULQLQ (NRQRPLN'XUXPXQD*|UH9DU\DQV$QDOL]L6RQXoODUÕ ................................ 104 Tablo 36: .RQWURO*UXEXg÷UHQFLOHULQLQgQWHVW3XDQODUÕQÕQ2NXOGDQ%DúND<HUGH 'LQ(÷LWLPL$OPD'XUXPXQD*|UHW- WHVWL6RQXoODUÕ .................................... 105 Tablo 37: .RQWURO*UXEXg÷UHQFLOHULQLQ6RQWHVW3XDQODUÕQÕQ2NXOGDQ%DúND<HUGH 'LQ(÷LWLPL$OPD'XUXPXQD*|UHW- WHVWL6RQXoODUÕ .................................... 105 Tablo 38: 'HQH\ *UXEX g÷UHQFLOHULQLQ gQWHVW 3XDQODUÕQÕQ 2NXOGDQ %DúND <HUGH 'LQ(÷LWLPL$OPD'XUXPXQD*|UHW- WHVWL6RQXoODUÕ .................................... 105 Tablo 39: 'HQH\*UXEXg÷UHQFLOHULQLQ6RQWHVW3XDQODUÕQÕQ2NXOGDQ%DúND<HUGH 'LQ(÷LWLPL$OPD'XUXPXQD*|UHW- WHVWL6RQXoODUÕ .................................... 106. v.

(11) 6$h6RV\DO%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV. <NVHN/LVDQV7H]g]HWL. 7H]LQ%DúOÕ÷ÕøON|÷UHWLP'LQ.OYH$KODN%LOJLVL'HUVLøQDQog÷UHWLPLQGH(VEDE-Õ1]XO 7H]LQ<D]DUÕ0X]DIIHUh]PF'DQÕúPDQ: Prof. Dr. Recep Kaymakcan Kabul Tarihi : 21/06/2011. 6D\ID6D\ÕVÕYÕÕ |QNÕVÕP

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(14). $QDELOLPGDOÕ: Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri. %LOLPGDOÕ'LQ(÷LWLPL. $UDúWÕUPDLON|÷UHWLPGLQGHUVLLQDQo|÷UHWLPLQGH, GHUVNLWDEÕQDDOWHUQDWLI\HQLELU NRQX LúOH\Lú WHNQL÷L sXQPDNWDGÕU %X WHNQL÷LQ DPDFÕ LON|÷UHWLP GLQ GHUVLQGH ND]DQÕPODUÕQJHUoHNOHúPHRUDQÕQÕ\NVHOWPHNYHVR\XWNDYUDPODUÕQNDYUDQPDVÕQÕ NROD\ODúWÕUPDNWÕU 'LQLQ LPDQ ER\XWX VR\XW NDYUDPODUGDQ WHúHNNO HWWL÷L LoLQ VR\XWGúQPHNDELOL\HWLQLHOGHHGHPHPLúLON|÷UHWLP|÷UHQFLVLQLQLQDQo|÷UHQPH DODQÕQGDNL NRQXODUÕ NDYUDPDVÕ ROGXNoD JoWU Ayetlerin esbab-Õ Q]XOOHUL LoHUGLNOHUL ROD\ ]DPDQ mekan ve úDKÕV JLEL XQVXUODU VD\HVLQGH NRQXODUÕQ NDYUDQPDVÕQÕNROD\ODúWÕUDELOLU $UDúWÕUPD ± |÷UHWLP \ÕOÕQÕQ ,, \DUÕ\ÕOÕQGD øVWDQEXO LOLQGH EXOXQXQ LNL RNXOXQ 6ÕQÕIODUÕQGD RNX\DQ NÕ] YH HUNHN |÷UHQFL ]HULQGH \DSÕOPÕúWÕU $UDúWÕUPD EX |÷UHQFLOHU ]HULQGH WHVW tHNQL÷L NXOODQÕODUDN \DSÕOPÕúWÕU YH Eu úHNLOGHWRSODQDQYHULOHULQLVWDWLVWLNVHOLúOHPOHUL6366bilgisayar istatistiksel paket SURJUDPÕLOH\DSÕOPÕúWÕU dDOÕúPDQÕQ ND]DQÕPODUÕQ JHUoHNOHúPHVLQGH HWNLVLQL WHVSLW HWPHN LoLQ HúLW |]HOOLNOHUHVDKLSLNLVÕQÕIEHOLUOHQGL6ÕQÕIODUGDQELULQGHkonular ders kiWDEÕQDJ|UH LúOHQLUNHQGL÷HULQGHKD]ÕUODGÕ÷ÕPÕ]PDWHU\DOOHUOHGHUVX\JXODQGÕ+HULNLVÕQÕIa da |Q WHVW YH VRQ WHVW \DSÕOGÕ $UDúWÕUPDGD HOGH HGLOHQ EXOJXODUD J|UH esbab-Õ Q]XOGHQ ID\GDODQDUDN KD]ÕUODGÕ÷ÕPÕ] PDWHU\DOOHULQ X\JXODQGÕ÷Õ VÕQÕI, ders NLWDEÕQD J|UH LúOHQHQ VÕQÕIWDQ GDKD EDúDUÕOÕ ROPXúWXU .D]DQÕPODUÕQ HOGH HGLOPHVLQGHGHUVNLWDEÕQDJ|UH¶OHUHYDUDQELUDUWÕúROPXúWXU dDOÕúPDPÕ]Õ øON|÷UHWLP EHúLQFL VÕQÕI µµ$OODK LQDQFÕ¶¶ QLWHVL LOH VÕQÕUOÕ WXWWXN $QFDNL]OHGL÷LPL]\|QWHPEWQQLWHOHUHX\JXODQDELOLU. Anahtar kelimelerøON|÷UHWLP g÷UHQFLleri, 'LQ.OWUYH$KODN Bilgisi, Allah øQDQFÕg÷UHWLPL. vi.

(15) Sakarya University Insitute of Social Sciences $EVWUDFWRI0DVWHU¶V Thesis Title of the Thesis: Primary Education Religion and Ethics Course Teaching of Faith with Author0X]DIIHUh]PF Esbab-Õ1]XOSupervisor : Prof. Dr. Recep Kaymakcan Date : 21/06/2011. Nu. of pages YÕÕ SUHWH[W

(16) +116 (main bady) +5(app.). Department : Philosophy and Religious Science. Subfield. : Religious Education. This research offers a new approach in the field of teaching belief for primary education religion course. The purpose of approach increase the rate of accrual acquisitions and facilitate understanding of abstract concepts. The research is important because faithful dimension of religion occurs abstract concepts. Elementary school students who think concrete is difficult to understand issues in the field of teaching belief. Esbab-Õ 1]XO IDFLOLWDWHV understanding of the issues thanks to contain elements such as time, place, event and person. The research applied on 145 students studying in the 5 classes 2 public schools VHOHFWHGLQøVWDQEXOFLW\GXULQJWKHQGVHPHVWHURI-2011 cademic year. The questionnaire method was used and the collected data was processed through SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software program. Two equal classes identified for determine the effect of realization acquisitions of research. One of the classes topic explained according to textbook. And the other applied prepared approach. Each of two classes performed pretest and posttest. The class of performed new approach was more successful than the class of described according to the textbook. And attainments achieving was increased around 20 per cent. 7KH UHVHDUFK ZDV OLPLWHG WR ILIWK JUDGH µ7KH )DLWK LQ *RG¶ XQLW %XW WKH following method can be applied all units.. Keywords: Primary School Students, Religious Culture and Ethics Knowledge, Teaching the faith in God.. vii.

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