BASIC THEMES OF LIFE

(1)

Origin of life and

universal features

of cells

(2)

BASIC THEMES OF LIFE

Key Concepts

1. Basic themes of biology include evolution, interactions of biological systems, inter- relationships of structure and function, information transfer, and energy transfer.

2 Characteristics of life include cellular structure, growth and development, self- regulated metabolism, response to stimuli, and reproduction.

3 Biological organization is hierarchical and includes chemical, cell, tissue, organ,

organ system, and organism levels; ecological organization includes population,

community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels.

(3)

4 Information transfer includes DNA transfer of information from one generation to the next, chemical and electrical signals within and among the cells of every organism, and sensory receptors and response systems that allow organisms to communicate with one another and interact with their environment.

5 Individual organisms and entire ecosystems depend on a continuous input of energy.

Energy is transferred within cells and from one organism to another.

6 Evolution is the process by which populations of organisms change over time, adapting to changes in their environment; the tree of life includes three major branches, or domains.

7 Biologists ask questions, develop hypotheses, make predictions, and collect data by

careful observation and by performing experiments; based on their results, they come to

conclusions and then share their work with other scientists and with the public.

(4)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Describe the differences between living and non-living things Describe the term “life form”

Describe five basic universal features of cells

(5)

ORIGIN OF LIFE

(6)

SUN

25 BILLION LIGTH YEARS

(7)

UNIVERSAL FEATURES OF CELLS

(8)

(9)

1. All Cells Store Their Hereditary Information in the Same Linear

Chemical Code: DNA

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

2. All Cells Replicate Their Hereditary Information by Templated

Polymerization

(14)

(15)

3. All Cells Transcribe Portions of

Their Hereditary Information into the

Same Intermediary Form: RNA

(16)

(17)

4. All Cells Translate RNA

into Protein in the Same Way

(18)

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

(24)

5. All Cells Use Proteins

as Catalysts

(25)

(26)

(27)

(28)

6. Life Requires Free Energy

(29)

7. All Cells Function as Biochemical Factories Dealing with the Same

Basic Molecular Building Blocks

(30)

(31)

8. All Cells Are Enclosed in a Plasma

Membrane Across Which Nutrients

and Waste Materials Must Pass

(32)

(33)

(34)

Genetic Information that

Encodes Proteins and RNAs

are Called Genes

(35)

A Living Cell Can Exist with

Fewer Than 500 Genes

(36)

BASIC THEMES OF LIFE

Origin of life and

universal features

of cells

BASIC THEMES OF LIFE

Key Concepts

1. Basic themes of biology include evolution, interactions of biological systems, inter- relationships of structure and function, information transfer, and energy transfer.

2 Characteristics of life include cellular structure, growth and development, self- regulated metabolism, response to stimuli, and reproduction.

3 Biological organization is hierarchical and includes chemical, cell, tissue, organ,

organ system, and organism levels; ecological organization includes population,

community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels.

5 Individual organisms and entire ecosystems depend on a continuous input of energy.

Energy is transferred within cells and from one organism to another.

6 Evolution is the process by which populations of organisms change over time, adapting to changes in their environment; the tree of life includes three major branches, or domains.

7 Biologists ask questions, develop hypotheses, make predictions, and collect data by

careful observation and by performing experiments; based on their results, they come to

conclusions and then share their work with other scientists and with the public.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Describe the differences between living and non-living things Describe the term “life form”

Describe five basic universal features of cells

ORIGIN OF LIFE

25 BILLION LIGTH YEARS

UNIVERSAL FEATURES OF CELLS

1. All Cells Store Their Hereditary Information in the Same Linear

Chemical Code: DNA

2. All Cells Replicate Their Hereditary Information by Templated

Polymerization

3. All Cells Transcribe Portions of

Their Hereditary Information into the

Same Intermediary Form: RNA

4. All Cells Translate RNA

into Protein in the Same Way

5. All Cells Use Proteins

as Catalysts

6. Life Requires Free Energy

7. All Cells Function as Biochemical Factories Dealing with the Same

Basic Molecular Building Blocks

8. All Cells Are Enclosed in a Plasma

Membrane Across Which Nutrients

and Waste Materials Must Pass

Genetic Information that

Encodes Proteins and RNAs

are Called Genes

A Living Cell Can Exist with

Fewer Than 500 Genes

Mycoplasma genitalium 580.000 bps

530 genes

Specialty genes

RNA 37

DNA/RNA/Protein synthesis 153 Cell membrane proteins 29

Transport 33

Energy transformation 71

and metabolism