BDB 301-302 Dilbilim Temel Kavramları I
(Introduction to Linguistics)
Dr. Mustafa Güleç
Ankara Üniversitesi, Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi (DTCF)
Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatları Bölümü,
Hollanda Dili ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalı
What is Syntax?
• In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/) is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences (sentence structure) in a given language, usually including word order.
• The term syntax is also used to refer to the study of such principles and processes.
https://
www.google.com/search?q=syntax+linguistics&rlz=1C1OKWM_trTR859TR85 9&oq=syntax+linguis&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l7.6078j0j7&sourceid=chrom
e&ie=UTF-8
Syntaxe (structurale).
• Syntaxe (structurale). Étude, analyse descriptive appliquée à un ensemble d'énoncés et fondée sur des critères explicites (distributions et/ou oppositions; constituants immédiats), permettant de déterminer les unités qui composent les énoncés et d'établir les relations hiérarchiques que ces unités entretiennent entre elles. La syntaxe structurale peut se caractériser par un triple refus: refus des ellipses, refus des considérations sémantiques, refus de distinguer entre la syntaxe et la morphologie (...). Par une suite d'opérations, l'analyse permet de dégager les unités qui composent les énoncés et les relations hiérarchiques que ces unités entretiennent entre elles (D. D. L.1976).
• https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/syntaxe
Syntaxe (générative).
• Syntaxe (générative). Partie générative de la grammaire, constituée d'une base donnant les structures profondes des phrases et des transformations donnant les structures superficielles, qui a pour fonction d'engendrer selon des règles
formelles toutes les suites de morphèmes considérées comme grammaticales
dans une langue donnée et elles seules. Synon. composante syntaxique (v. ce mot infra dér.).
• La syntaxe générative intègre certains aspects de la syntaxe structurale, mais elle prétend à la fois résoudre les difficultés auxquelles se heurtait la syntaxe
structurale et rendre compte du fait que tout sujet parlant peut émettre ou
comprendre un nombre indéfini d'énoncés, même s'il ne les a jamais prononcés ou entendus (D. D. L.1976).
• https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/syntaxe
What is an example of syntax?
• Syntax states the rules for using words, phrases, clauses and punctuation, specifically to form sentences.
• Correct syntax examples include word choice, matching number and tense, and placing words and phrases in the right order.
• https://
www.google.com/search?q=syntax+linguistics&rlz=1C1OKWM_trTR85 9TR859&oq=syntax+linguis&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l7.6078j0j7&sour ceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
What is the study of syntax about?
• Studying syntax is relevant to a lot of subject areas in linguistics.
• We must study syntax to understand how children acquire their language, how they start constructing sentences and what stage do they learn the tacit syntactic rules of the language. ...
• Some linguists believe that all languages have the same parameters.
• https://
www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1OKWM_trTR859TR859&ei=0Pc7X u3UHJWQ8gKZ65iQDg&q=What+is+the+study+of+syntax
Why is syntax important in language?
• The study of syntax in linguistics is quite challenging since the learner has to know how to put words in a sentence to make it sensible and avoid ambiguity (Smith, 2015).
• Many people know the meanings of many words, but it is difficult to put the words in a sentence that makes grammatical and logical sense.
A sentence is supposed to communicate something to the listeners.
Words arranged in a sentence can give a particular meaning; the same words rearranged can give a different message to the listeners. To become proficient in a language, syntax is one of the most important aspects to be considered.
Why is syntax important in language
• The choice of the topic on syntax is influenced by the difficulty that is experienced while learning a foreign language (Smith, 2015). Most of the learners of a language have problems in the topic of syntax than all other topics in the study of any language. Syntax is the learner’s first attempt to understand creativity in language and its limits. An English learner may know the meaning of words football, take, watch and match, but the meaning of a message depends also on the structure of a sentence. Syntax soundness in a sentence makes the sentence easier to understand for the reader and the listener and the message is passed on to the reader without any confusion. Thus, people learning languages should take into consideration the use of syntax (Yule, 2006).
Literature Review on Importance of Syntax in Linguistics
• Syntax is a part of linguistics that is involved in the study of sentence structure.
It is based on three elements of a sentence: word order, word agreement, and hierarchical structure of a sentence (Hana, 2011). Learners of a language must know how to arrange words that they know to make a sentence. If one wants some books and knows that they are called books, a sentence may be constructed as “Want these I books.” It is not grammatically correct, and the listener may not understand the message. The words should be arranged as, “I want these books.” A learner of a language should also ensure that there is word agreement in a sentence; subject and verb, determiner and noun, and other words have to agree with each other (Hana, 2011).
References:
• Soutet, Olivier. 2012. La syntaxe du français (Français) Paris:
PocheÉcole pratique des hautes études.
• Andrew Radford, 2012, English Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Kıran, Zeynel & Ayşe Kıran. 2001. Dilbilime Giriş. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
