BIO 431
HEALTH MICROBIOLOGY (Fall Semester,
Selective Course)
RECOMMENDED SOURCES
• Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Madigan, Martinko and Parker, 2013. Prentice Hall.
• Medical Microbiology, Brooks,Butel and Ornston, 1991. Prentice Hall
• Microbiology, A Laboratory Manual, J. G.
Cappuccino, N. Sherman. 6th edition. Pearson Education Inc, as Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, ISBN 0-8053-
7648-8, 2001.
CONTENT
• Terms used in medical microbiology and the importance of health microbiology
• Normal microbial flora of the body
• Function and importance of normal microflora
• Disease formation: Infection and the effect of toxins
• Epidemiology
• Immunology and vaccination program
• Classical diagnostic methods in microbiology-1
• Molecular diagnostic methods in microbiology-2
• Person-to-person diseases: Respiratory Tract Bacterial Diseases
• Person-to-person diseases: Respiratory Viral diseases
• Person-to-person diseases: Sexually transmitted diseases
• Diseases transmitted through animals and arthropods
• Foodborne microbial diseases
• Water-borne microbial diseases
A- INTERACTIONS OF PEOPLE WITH
MICROORGANISMS
Basic terms used in medical microbiology
• Normal microbial flora: Microorganisms associated with healthy body tissue
• Infection: Development of the organism in the host
• Nasocomial infection: infection caught in a hospital setting
• Host: Organism that contains parasites
• Parasite: Organism that develops in or on a host and causes disease
• Pathogen: It is a disease-causing organism and is usually a microorganism.
Basic terms used in medical microbiology
• Opportunistic pathogen: disease-causing organism in the absence of normal host resistance
• Pathogenicity: The ability of a pathogen to cause disease
• Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity shown by a pathogen
• Toxicity: Pathogenicity caused by toxins produced by a pathogen
• Exotoxin: Protein that a microorganism secretes out of the cell as it develops, causing immediate damage to the host cell
• Endotoxin: Lipopolysaccharide portion of the cell envelope in gram (-) bacteria that is toxin when dissolved (Lipid A layer)
• Enterotoxin: Protein that a microorganism secretes out of the cell as it develops, causing immediate damage to the small intestine of the host
The importance of health microbiology
• The human body has a widespread population of microorganisms in
the mucous membranes covering the skin surface, mouth, digestive,
secretory and reproductive systems. These microorganisms are
actually one of the most important reasons for being healthy
individuals. In addition, harmful microorganism groups are used to
directly or indirectly colonize, spread and damage human body in
infectious diseases. These microorganisms, known as pathogens,
develop various strategies to access food sources in the host. These
strategies involve the production of specialized adhesion structures,
specific growth factors, spreading enzymes and strong biological
toxins. These factors often cause damage to the host and
sometimes death of the host.
The importance of health microbiology
• In addition to the antimicrobial agents that can be used to prevent the development of microorganisms, our body has also developed countermeasures to suppress or eliminate most microbial attackers.
Thanks to these non-specific physical, anatomical and biochemical
processes, microbial infectious diseases are very rare.
The importance of health microbiology
• In the health microbiology course, which is closely related to human
health, after perceiving the importance of our normal microflora,
we will examine the infectious diseases caused by pathogens in
detail.
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ADVANCED COUNTRIES
