WHAT IS HISTORY?AND THE THEORIES OF HISTORY
CONCEPTS
History (from Greek, historia, meaning
"inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation"
History covers the totality of past human actions and the narrative or account we
construct them now. These definitions open up two possible fields for philosopy of history.
1. Critical philosophy of history:Critical
philosophy of history is the "theory" aspect of
the discipline of academic history, and deals
with questions such as….
what sort of a thing is history and how does it relate to other studies?
What is the nature of historical knowledge?
Truth and fact in history.
Historical objectivity.
History and science/etc.
2. Speculative philosophy of history.
Speculative philosophy of history is an area of philosophy concerning the eventual
significance, if any, of human history.
Furthermore, it speculates as to a possible
teleological end to its development—that is, it asks if there is a design, purpose, directive
principle, or finality in the processes of
human history.
Philosophy of history or historiosophy is an area of philosophy concerning the eventual significance of human
history. It examines the origin, goal, pattern, unit, determining factors for the process, and the overall nature of history.
Furthermore, it speculates as to a possible teleological end to its development—that is, it asks if there is a design, purpose,
directive principle, or finality in the processes of human history.
A philosophy of history begins with a few basic assumptions.
First, it determines what is the proper unit for the study of the human past, whether it is the individual subject, polis ("city"), sovereign territory, a civilization, culture, or the whole of the human species. It then inquires whether there are any broad patterns that can be discerned through a study of history, what factors, if any, determine the course of history, and the goal, destination, and driving force of history.