THE SOURCES OF MUSLIM LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES
• 1· The Holy Quran: a complete Code of Life which contains guidelines on spiritual, social, economic and political aspects of human life.
• 2· The Holy Prophet: "For you the life of the
Prophet is a good model of behaviour" (33:21).
• 3· The Wise Caliphs and Pious Followers: The first four Caliphs and Sahaba followed the
teachings of the Quran and the Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh) and achieved extraordinary
results.
Main principles and values of Muslim leadership
• 1. Faith and belief. Iman and itikad
• 2. Knowledge and Wisdom. Ilm and Hikmah
• 3. Courage and determination. Casarah and Azimah
• 4. Mutual consultation and Unity. (Fraternity and brotherhood.) Shura and Ittihad
• 5. Morality and Piety. Ahlaq and Taqwa
• 6. Superior communication.
• 7. Justice and compassion. Adalah and Shawkah-Marhamah
• 8. Patience and Endurance. Sabır and Muqawamah
• 9. Commitment, Sacrifice and Endeavour. Kararlılık, Fadakarlık and Gayret
• 10. Gratitude and Prayers. Shukur and dua-salah
Response of Muslims to Abolition of the Caliphate
• The title was then claimed by King Hussein bin Ali of Hejaz, leader of the Arab Revolt, but his kingdom was defeated and annexed by Ibn Saud in 1925.
• A summit was convened at Cairo in 1926 to discuss the revival of the Caliphate, but most Muslim countries did not participate and no action was taken to implement the summit's resolutions.
• The title Amer al-Mumineen adopted by the King of Morocco
• Recently by Mullah Mohammed Omar, former head of the Taliban regime of Afghanistan used the same title as well.
• A group in Iraq formed as an affiliate of the al Qaeda of militants during the Iraq War. The group eventually expanded into Syria and claimed as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)
• In the summer of 2014, the group captured Mosul. The group declared itself a "caliphate" under Abu Bakr al -Baghdadi, who took the name and title of "Caliph Ibrahim", and renamed itself as the "Islamic State".
Diwans: the State Administration
• The State administration as a whole was called Diwan.
• Al-Mawardi enumerated four chief offices of Government are under:
1. The Army Board
2. The Board of Provincial Boundaries 3. The Treasury
4. The Board of Appointment and Dismissal of
Officers.
Judiciary/the Qaziyat
Mawardi stresses on justice and qaza. After the imam and
ministers, qaza is a very important branch of government. A state where there is no justice, such states ever fall.
• A judge should have the qualities:
1. intelligent and clever so, be in position to go to the grass roots of the issues.
2. male (according to some Hanafis, a female may be appointed judge if she bears the required qualities).
3. Free not be slave.
4. Muslim (Abu Hanifa allows a non-Muslim judge if he is to handle those cases where there is no involvement of shariah).
5. honest and temperate.
6. having the knowledge of the holy Quran hadiths and fiqh.
7. have perfect hearing and seeing capabilities.
Functions of the Qazi/Judge
1. To secure rights
2. Supervision of awqaaf
3. Protection of children, and mental’ properties 4. Widow’s marriage
5. Execution of wasiah
6. Supervision of subordinates staff to assist him.
7. Imposition of Hadoods/limits of Sharia 8. Maintaining balance
9. Appointment of Amins
Sipahsalar (commander in chief)
• The state should have active military forces and these forces should have qualities, attitude with his juniors, behavior with the prisoners of war and attitude with his enemies.
• He counts five major responsibilities of the commander.
• 1. Not to allow military personnel to adopt professions like agriculture and business.
• 2. To train army in such a way as to increase their professional skill especially to guard against the attack of the enemy and to attack enemy.to destroy enemy’s potential
• 3. Selection of the battlefield, especially in those places where supply is easy and where his army is well protected.
• 4. To facilitate animals used by army.
• 5. To encourage his forces; to meet with them and to
acknowledge to them advantages of war.
Muhtasib (Police or ombudsman)
