CHEMICAL BONDING II
Types of chemical bonds
Chemical bonding and interactions between atoms can be classified into a number of different types. For our purposes we will concentrate on two common types of chemical bonds, namely covalent and ionic bonding.
Chemical bonding and interactions between atoms can be classified into a number of different types.
Chemical bonds
1. Covalent bonding 2. Ionic bonding
Ions
The atoms that lose electrons have a net positive charge and are called cations.
The atoms that have gained electrons have a net negative charge and are referred to as anions.
Na+ Cl -
Ionic bonding
Ionic bonding occurs when valence electrons are shared so unequally that they spend more time in the vicinity of their new neighbor than their original nuclei.
Ionic bonds are bonds formed between ions with opposite charges. For instance, positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions attract each other to make sodium chloride.
Covalent bonding
As the name suggests, covalent bonding involves the sharing (co, meaning joint) of valence (outer shell) electrons.
Covalent bonding
For example, two hydrogen atoms come together and share a pair of electrons, hence form a covalent bonding. This chemical bonding forms a hydrogen molecule, H2
By forming a covalent bonding, both hidrogen atoms have a filled outer shell.
