Turkey's Agricultural Equipment and Machinery Projection

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Turkey's Agricultural Equipment and

Machinery Projection

Conference Paper

· September 2015

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Sefa Altikat

Iğdır Üniversitesi

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Igdir Üniversitesi

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Ataturk University

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TARIMSAL MEKANİZASYON-İŞLETMECİLİĞİ VE TASARIM

29. Ulusal Tarımsal M ekanizasyon ve Enerji Kongresi 2-5 Eylül 2015 DİYARBAKIR

Turkey’s Agricultural Equipment and Machinery Projection

Sefa ALTIKAT1_{, H. Kaan KÜÇÜKERDEM}1_{, Alper GÜLBE}2_{, Ahmet ÇELİK}3

1:_{Iğdır University Faculty of Agriculture Biosystem Engineering Dept.} 2:_{Iğdır University Technical Sciences Vocational School} 3:_{Atatürk University Faculty of Agriculture Agricultural Machinery Dept.}

sefa.altikat@igdir.edu.tr

Abstract This study aims to determine Turkey’s existing agricultural equipment and machinery

assets in the years 2016, 2020 and 2023 regarding the changes in the numbers of those according to the geographical regions in the last decade. Primary tillage equipment and machinery, harrows, sowing and planting machines are taken into consideration in accordance with this purpose. According to the results of the studies, although decrease in the quantities of some equipment and machinery is expected in the regional regard, increase in all the equipment and machinery quantities is predicted throughout Turkey at the end of 2023. By the end of 2023 it is predicted that the biggest raise will be in the rotary tiller, finger wheel rake, pneumatic seed drill.

Keywords: Soil tillage equipment, harrow, sowing machine, geographical region. Türkiye’nin Tarımsal Alet ve Makine Projeksiyonu

Özet Bu araştırmada geçen on yıllık süre zarfında Türkiye’nin coğrafi bölgelerine göre tarımsal alet

ve makine sayılarındaki değişim dikkate alınarak 2016, 2020 ve 2023 yıllarındaki mevcut tarımsal alet ve makine varlığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda birinci sınıf toprak işleme alet ve makinaları, tırmıklar ve ekim – dikim makinaları dikkate alınmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre gelecek yıllarda bölgesel anlamda her ne kadar bazı alet ve makine sayılarında azalma beklenirken, Türkiye genelinde 2023 yılı sonu itibari ile tüm alet ve makina sayılarında artma meydana geleceği tahmin edilmektedir. 2023 yılı sonu itibari ile en fazla artışın; rototiller, ot toplama tırmığı ve pnömatik ekim makinalarında olacağı tahmin edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Toprak işleme aleti, Tırmık, Ekim makinası, Coğrafi bölge INTRODUCTION

For the reason that the cultivated area in our country, Turkey, like all over the world, is restricted and there is almost no other area to be denoted as arable land, the only way to supply the food demand of continuously increasing population is to increase the quantity of product obtained from a unit field. Thus, it has been nowadays obligatory to use the agricultural mechanization in all the stages of production. Agricultural mechanization consists of the services related to the design, construction, development and application experiments, marketing, management, maintenance, repair, and dissemination of all kinds of the mechanical devices to be noticed as a necessity to be replaced with the manpower to enhance the productivity in the agricultural production (Koçtürk and Avcıoğlu 2007, Tezer 1980, Zeren et al. 1995). Agricultural mechanization has also a great importance with respect to the application of other agricultural technologies and the enhancement of their efficiencies (Erkmen and Çelik 1992, Altıkat and Çelik 2009).

Besides the enhancement of the product quantity obtained from a unit area, factors like minimization of labor cost and fuel consumption amount and effective

use of time will be influential. For this purpose the dissemination of reduced tillage and direct drilling into stubble, machine sowing and harvesting become more of an issue.

The objective of this study is to determine agricultural equipment and machinery existence that would become available in the years 2016, 2020 and 2013 regarding the changes in the quantities of agricultural equipment and machinery according to the Turkey’s geographical regions.

MATERIALS and METHODS

The materials of this study are composed of the data on the soil cultivation equipment and machinery arranged by Turkish Statistical Institute over 12 districts of Turkey between 2002 and 2012 (TUIK 2002-2012).

Making use of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) data on the quantities of soil cultivation equipment and machinery in the years 2002-2012 throughout Turkey, 11-year production and usage quantities of these equipment and machinery were taken into account and the percentages of the increase - decrease in the numbers were determined. Using the average of the determined percentages, a projection coefficient to be applied over the next

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TARIMSAL MEKANİZASYON-İŞLETMECİLİĞİ VE TASARIM

29. Ulusal Tarımsal M ekanizasyon ve Enerji Kongresi 2-5 Eylül 2015 DİYARBAKIR

years is obtained. Multiplying the number of an equipment or a machine in the previous year with the projection coefficient related to that equipment or machine, 11-year projection until the year of 2023 of those were determined in accordance with the increase and decrease in the coefficient. While the negative values in the coefficients are expressed as a decrease in the number of equipment or machine in the previous year, positive values displays an increase in the number of equipment or machine (Demir 2013).

RESULTS and DISCUSSIONS

The coefficients related to the soil cultivation equipment and machinery and the estimated distribution values by the districts for the years of 2016, 2020 and 2023 have been given in Table-1. As the coefficients in the table are to be investigated, the numerical values for the moldboard plough used in primary tillage in the Eastern Black Sea Region and disc plough usage in the Mediterranean and Western Anatolia Regions will decrease in the subsequent years. In the general sense, an increase in the amount of moldboard plough and disc plough is being expected in the other regions. Considering the projection coefficients, the region which is expected to have the maximum increase for the moldboard plough is Northern Anatolian with the projection coefficient of 3.82, for the disc plough is Middle Eastern Anatolia with the projection coefficient of 5.02. Regarding the coefficients for the cultivator and the land roller commonly used in primary tillage method, an increase in the numerical values for both of the equipment is being expected to occur in all the regions. The maximum values for the cultivator with a projection coefficient of 3.36 and for the land roller with 29.12 are being expected to take place in the Northern Anatolian and Eastern Black Sea regions respectively.

As the projection coefficients of soil/rotary tiller and rotary tiller, which are prominent in the ability of one pass seedbed preparation and capable of being used as both the primary and secondary tillage

equipment, are investigated, the number of

soil/rotary tiller is estimated to decrease only in the North-Eastern Anatolia region, however an increase in the number of soil/rotary tiller and rotary tiller is expected to be observed in the other regions. The region which the soil/rotary tiller is expected to raise most is estimated as Eastern Black Sea region with 54.44 projection coefficient. The region which the rotary tiller is to raise most in the numerical manner is

The projection coefficient and the numerical values of the harrows on the basis of geographical regions were given Table-2. When the projection coefficients belonging to the disc harrow are to be investigated it is estimated that there will be a continuous increase in the regions other than the North-Eastern Black Sea region. In addition, the number of tooth harrow in the years ahead is thought to increase only in the Mediterranean, Aegean, Western Marmara, Central and Mid-eastern Anatolia, and Northeastern Anatolia regions, and to decrease in all other regions. The number of cultivator-rotating harrow combination in the Eastern Black Sea, Eastern Marmara, Middle Eastern Anatolia and North Eastern Anatolia regions is also expected to decrease in the subsequent years. A decrease for the finger wheel rake is estimated only in the Middle Eastern Anatolia Region in the coming years.

According to the estimated values on the basis of the projection coefficients the maximum increase among the harrows is thought to be observed in the disc harrow in Western Anatolia, tooth harrow in Mediterranean, cultivator-rotating harrow combination in Western Marmara, and finger wheel rake in Eastern Marmara region.

The projection coefficients related to the sowing and planting machines and the estimated amount which they may reach in time are given in the Table-3. According to the projection coefficients specified in Table-3, an increase in the numerical values of sowing and planting machines throughout the country is expected to be observed on the yearly basis. The maximum increase in the number of transplanting machine is expected to occur in the Middle Anatolia region with a projection coefficient 162.08 and Southeastern Anatolia and Western Black Sea regions are estimated to follow this region respectively. However a decrease in the numerical values in the potato planting machine is expected in the Mediterranean region, an increase in all the other regions is predicted for this machine. The maximum increase for the potato planting machine is thought to happen in the Mid-eastern Anatolia with a 24.15 projection coefficient. As an increase throughout the country is expected for the pneumatic sowing machines, the maximum value is thought to occur in the Southeastern Anatolia region with a projection coefficient of 35.04.

While a decrease in the numerical values of the row sowing machine is expected only in the Western Black Sea region on the yearly basis, an accretion in the existence of this machine is estimated in the in all other regions. However the increase for the row sowing machines in the Western Anatolia region is assumed to be much greater than the other regions

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TARIMSAL MEKANİZASYON-İŞLETMECİLİĞİ VE TASARIM

Table 1 – Projection coefficients and numerical values of the primary and secondary tillage equipment and machinery. Me di te rr an ea

n Tillage Equipment & _Machinery Moldboard _Plough _PloughDisc Soil/Rotary _Cultivator Cultivator Land Roller Rotary _Tiller Projection Coefficient 1.43 -0.76 5.41 1.84 0.59 15.58 Projection of Future Years 2016 122228 9958 68732 6681 1362 1362 2020 129381 12293 73919 6840 2430 2430 2023 135019 14397 78064 6961 3752 3752 Ae ge an Projection Coefficient 2.19 2.69 2.69 2.66 2.40 3.89 Projection of Future Years 2016 10591 13575 70613 24911 4278 4278 2020 11776 15096 78428 27386 4984 4984 2023 12750 16347 84851 29402 5588 5588 W es te rn Bl ac k S ea Projection Coefficient 1.27 3.91 0.31 2.53 3.02 19.47 Projection of Future Years 2016 143482 4238 3216 88511 12091 1554 2020 150932 4941 3256 97797 13620 3166 2023 156773 5543 3286 105396 14892 5399 Eas te rn Bl ac k S ea Projection Coefficient -0.56 4.18 54.44 0.65 29.12 16.67 Projection of Future Years 2016 4210 134 1635 2719 6 1635 2020 4116 158 1678 7558 10 1678 2023 4048 179 1711 16270 16 1711 W es te rn M arm ara Projection Coefficient 1.12 0.64 2.53 0.62 3.51 19.63 Projection of Future Years 2016 147268 5806 2446 71408 7784 1573 2020 153952 5956 2703 73196 8938 3222 2023 159162 6071 2914 74566 9913 5517 Eas te rn M ar m ar a Projection Coefficient 0.23 0.31 2.45 3.08 3.28 18.56 Projection of Future Years 2016 101906 5734 9565 28370 6416 2183 2020 102867 5805 10537 32026 7300 4313 2023 103594 5860 11331 35074 8041 7188 W es te rn An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 1.66 -0.49 3.58 1.29 2.43 1.99 Projection of Future Years 2016 92701 12328 6718 41064 10402 3896 2020 98995 12086 7733 43230 11453 4215 2023 103994 11908 8594 44929 12310 4471 Ce nt ra l An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 1.24 4.06 3.54 1.23 3.77 5.87 Projection of Future Years 2016 123700 8969 2027 80752 9522 759 2020 129960 10516 2330 84783 11040 953 2023 134862 11848 2586 87938 12336 1131 M id . Eas te rn An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 1.68 5.02 8.90 2.24 0.97 60.67 Projection of Future Years 2016 26393 1840 444 20425 2019 140 2020 28213 2238 625 22316 2099 932 2023 29660 2592 807 23848 2161 3867 So ut h Eas te rn An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 1.63 2.27 6.09 2.71 3.65 13.22 Projection of Future Years 2016 48478 10555 1576 55072 6676 302 2020 51723 11548 1996 61284 7704 497 2023 54298 12354 2383 66399 8578 721 N ort h Eas te rn An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 3.82 2.07 -6.22 3.36 7.02 4.08 Projection of Future Years 2016 38101 2118 108 11178 4653 86 2020 44263 2298 84 12759 6103 101 2023 49530 2444 69 14090 7481 113 Tu rk ey Projection Coefficient 1.43 0.97 3.10 1.87 2.74 5.69 Projection of Future Years 2016 1102820 71035 49688 538594 92527 14526 2020 1167299 73844 56147 580020 103106 18128 2023 1218120 76024 61536 613168 111828 21405

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TARIMSAL MEKANİZASYON-İŞLETMECİLİĞİ VE TASARIM

Table 2 -The projection coefficients and the numerical values for the harrows

Me di te rr an ea

n Harrows Disc Harrow Tooth Harrow CRHC*

Finger Wheel Rake Projection Coefficient 2.19 3.48 3.44 6.84 Projection of Future Years

2016 33205 9501 2976 4874 2020 36216 10894 3407 6349 2023 38652 12072 3771 7743 Ae ge an Projection Coefficient 1.55 0.28 -0.04 2.63

Projection of Future Years 2016₂₀₂₀ 69103₇₃₄₉₀ 78442₇₉₃₃₀ 4625₄₆₁₉ 8480₉₄₀₈

2023 76962 80003 4614 10170 W es te rn Bl ac k S ea Projection Coefficient 1.94 -0.38 0.47 1.78

Projection of Future Years 20162020 1815619608 6515064164 16541686 51735552

2023 20773 63435 1709 5855 Eas te rn Bl ac k Se a Projection Coefficient 6.60 -2.34 -12.21 3.09 Projection of Future Years 2016 207 6153 1 5348 2020 267 5598 1 6041 2023 323 5214 0 6619 W es te rn M arm ara Projection Coefficient 0.59 0.24 8.41 6.23 Projection of Future Years 2016 32956 76670 9986 4263 2020 33737 77423 13794 5429 2023 34336 77993 17575 6509 Eas te rn M arm ara Projection Coefficient 3.23 -0.44 -1.73 8.30 Projection of Future Years 2016 32095 58533 1653 5474 2020 36445 57509 1541 7530 2023 40090 56752 1463 9563 W es te rn An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 6.21 -0.68 2.74 1.44 Projection of Future Years 2016 23403 17465 4406 5973 2020 29776 16998 4910 6325 2023 35671 16656 5326 6602 Ce nt ra l An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 1.95 1.51 3.38 -1.12 Projection of Future Years 2016 21775 16539 1684 4278 2020 23525 17557 1924 4089 2023 24930 18362 2125 3954 Mi d-Eas te rn An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 3.56 2.45 -1.86 24.85 Projection of Future Years 2016 4843 4118 239 89748 2020 5569 4537 222 218043 2023 6184 4879 210 424306 Sou th Eas te rn An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 6.16 2.63 2.79 5.12 Projection of Future Years 2016 8147 2057 202 5514 2020 10349 2282 226 6732 2023 12383 2466 245 7819 N ort h Eas te rn An at ol ia Projection Coefficient -1.69 3.15 -5.00 4.14 Projection of Future Years 2016 6086 18389 707 27440 2020 5685 20817 576 32270 2023 5402 22846 494 36444 rk ey Projection Coefficient 2.01 0.07 0.67 6.24 Projection of Future 2016 248771 351974 25517 132431

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TARIMSAL MEKANİZASYON-İŞLETMECİLİĞİ VE TASARIM

Table 3 - Projection coefficients and numerical values for the sowing and planting machines.

Me di te rr an ea

n Sowing & Planting Machinery Transplanting Machine

Potato Planting Machine

Pneumatic

Seed Drill Seed DrillUniversal

Projection Coefficient 23.18 -5.64 26.94 2.69

2023 1268 67 69098 41804

Ae

ge

an Projection Coefficient 1.37 2.44 6.75 0.84

2023 12258 4797 7392 67002 W es te rn Bl ac k S ea Projection Coefficient 35.00 4.89 12.34 -1.55

Projection of Future Years

2016 6524 604 2380 7879 2020 21671 731 3791 7402 2023 53322 844 5374 7064 Ea st er n Bl ac k Se a Projection Coefficient 0 3.98 17.03 13.72 Projection of Future Years 2016 0 19 32 333 2020 0 22 60 557 2023 0 25 96 819 W es te rn M arm ara Projection Coefficient 8.78 0.93 3.18 2.38 Projection of Future Years 2016 251 136 12852 77883 2020 351 141 14564 85562 2023 452 145 15997 91814 Eas te rn M arm ara Projection Coefficient 2.69 3.73 17.85 2.00 Projection of Future Years 2016 562 2407 3106 21927 2020 625 2787 5991 23731 2023 677 3111 9806 25181 W es te rn An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 29.46 15.93 11.11 15.66 Projection of Future Years 2016 17 636 2445 136028 2020 47 1148 3725 243440 2023 103 1789 5110 376674 Ce nt ra l An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 162.08 3.29 3.14 2.15 Projection of Future Years 2016 330 8379 2562 67073 2020 15582 9536 2900 73025 2023 280499 10507 3181 77834 Mi d-Ea st er n An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 96.67 24.15 23.09 4.14 Projection of Future Years 2016 419 601 432 6635 2020 6266 1428 991 7804 2023 47665 2733 1848 8814 So ut h Ea st er n An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 121.57 0 35.04 4.98 Projection of Future Years 2016 362 0 5769 36821 2020 8714 0 19182 44730 2023 94792 0 47231 51758 N or th Ea st er n An at ol ia Projection Coefficient 0 8.06 22.29 5.36 Projection of Future Years 2016 0 640 320 4448 2020 0 872 715 5482 2023 0 1100 1309 6412 Tu rk ey Projection Coefficient 2.91 3.33 6.83 2.37 Projection of Future Years 2016 15021 17068 38265 428305 2020 16849 19460 49842 470352 2023 18364 21472 60770 504574

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TARIMSAL MEKANİZASYON-İŞLETMECİLİĞİ VE TASARIM

29. Ulusal Tarımsal M ekanizasyon ve Enerji Kongresi 2-5 Eylül 2015 DİYARBAKIR

CONCLUSION

According to the results of this study as a decrease in the numerical values of the equipment and the machines handled is expected in some regions, increase in all the equipment and machines inspected is predicted relatively throughout the Turkey (Table-4).

When the condition of primary and secondary tillage equipment and machinery in the subsequent years throughout Turkey is investigated as the maximum increase is thought to occur in the number of rotary tiller with 15.31 percent, soil/rotary tiller and land roller are expected to follow (Table-4). Methods to reduce the production costs like reduced tillage and direct drilling into stubble are coming into prominence. For the reason that there was not enough numbers about the direct drilling machine for the last decade the projection coefficients for this machine could not be determined. It is predicted that there will be serious increases in soil/rotary tillers and

rotary tillers which become prominent with one pass seedbed preparation feature. On this basis it may be thought that the producers today will lead to reduced tillage applications in the future.

In addition, while the number of the finger wheel rakes increase with the 16.61 percent until the end of 2023, it is predicted that the disc harrow will follow it with 5.79%. The percentage of the rise in the number of pneumatic seed drill is thought to be more than the other machines. By the year 2023, while the quantity of the pneumatic seed drill arises at the rate of 17.98%, this value is foreseen to be 9.37% for the potato planting machine and 8.25% for the transplanting machine. The pneumatic seed drill is used effectively for both silage of plants like corn, sunflower and sowing of the edible plants. The use of this machine is thought to increase rapidly day by day as the result of silage establishments arise, animal production is handled deliberatively.

Table 4 - Relative increase values in agricultural equipment and machinery throughout the Turkey Agricultural Equipment and Machinery 2013 (No.) 2016* 2020* 2023* Primary and Secondary Tillage Equipment Moldboard plough 1.056.809 4.17 5.52 4.17 Disc plough 68.998 2.87 3.80 2.87 Soil/rotary tiller 45.336 8.76 11.50 8.76 Cultivator 509.477 5.41 7.14 5.41 Land Roller 85.311 7.80 10.26 7.80 Rotary tiller 12.303 15.30 19.87 15.31 Harrows Disc harrow 234.373 5.79 7.64 5.79 Tooth harrow 351.219 0.21 0.29 0.21 CRHC** 25.007 2.00 2.65 1.99

Finger wheel rake 110.429 16.61 21.51 16.61

Sowing and Planting Machines

Transplanting machine 13.781 8.26 10.85 8.25

Potato planting machine 15.469 9.37 12.29 9.37

Pneumatic seed drill 31.384 17.98 23.23 17.98

Universal seed drill 399.256 6.78 8.94 6.78

*: The increments in the years 2016, 2020, and 2023 are calculated regarding the data of the year 2013. **: Cultivator-rotating harrow combination

LİTERATÜR LİSTESİ

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Demir, B., and Öztürk, İ. (2013) ‘Konya İlinin Tarımsal Alet ve Makinaları Projeksiyonu’, 28. Ulusal Tarımsal Mekanizasyon Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 4-6 September 2013, Konya, p 74-80.

Erkmen, Y., and Çelik, A. (1992) ‘Ağrı ilinin tarımsal mekanizasyon özellikleri, sorunları ve çözüm olanakları üzerine bir araştırma’, Tarımsal Mekanizasyon 14. Ulusal Kongresi. 14-16 October 1992, Samsun.

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